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Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an intractable and poorly prognostic neurological disease, and current treatments are still unable to cure it completely and avoid sequelae. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as important carriers of intercellular communication and pharmacological effects, are considered to be the most promising candidates for SCI therapy because of their low toxicity and immunogenicity, their ability to encapsulate endogenous bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids), and their ability to cross the blood-brain/cerebrospinal barriers. However, poor targeting, low retention rate, and limited therapeutic efficacy of natural EVs have bottlenecked EV-based SCI therapy. A new paradigm for SCI treatment will be provided by engineering modified EVs. Furthermore, our limited understanding of the role of EVs in SCI pathology hinders the rational design of novel EVbased therapeutic approaches. In this study, we review the pathophysiology after SCI, especially the multicellular EVs-mediated crosstalk; briefly describe the shift from cellular to cell-free therapies for SCI treatment; discuss and analyze the issues related to the route and dose of EVs administration; summarize and present the common strategies for EVs drug loading in the treatment of SCI and point out the shortcomings of these drug loading methods; finally, we analyze and highlight the feasibility and advantages of bio-scaffold-encapsulated EVs for SCI treatment, providing scalable insights into cell-free therapy for SCI.

Stem cell-based therapy raises hopes for a better approach to promoting tissue repair and functional recovery. However, transplanted stem cells show a high death percentage, creating challenges to successful transplantation and prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying stem cell death, such as apoptotic cascade activation, excessive autophagy, inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, excitotoxicity, and ischemia/hypoxia. Targeting the molecular pathways involved may be an efficient strategy to enhance stem cell viability and maximize transplantation success. Notably, a more complex network of cell death receives more attention than one crucial pathway in determining stem cell fate, highlighting the challenges in exploring mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on programmed cell death in transplanted stem cells. We also discuss some promising strategies and challenges in promoting survival for further study.

To investigate the causes of abnormally short frenulum induced by circumcision with disposable circumcision suture device and the improvement of the surgical method.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 320 cases of phimosis or redundant prepuce treated from January 2020 to September 2020, including 160 children (group A) and 160 adults (group B), each further divided into an observation group (n = 80, groups A1 and B1) and a control group (n = 80, groups A2 and B2). The patients in groups A1 and B1 underwent circumcision by suture positioning at the frenulum with the disposable circumcision suture device, and those in groups A2 and B2 received conventional circumcision with the disposable circumcision suture device. We compared the operation time, incidence rate of abnormally short frenulum and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 6 hours after surgery among the four groups of patients.Statistically significant differences were observed between groups A1 and A2 in the operation time (12.00 ［11.00, 13.00］ vs 8.50 ［8.50, 9.00］ min, P0.05) and the incidence rate of abnormally short frenulum (0 vs 10%, P0.05) but not in the VAS score (3.00 ［3.00, 4.00］ vs 3.00 ［3.00, 3.75］, P0.05). Statistically significant differences were also found between groups B1 and B2 in the operation time (12.00 ［11.00, 12.00］ vs 6.25 ［6.00, 7.00］ min, P0.05) and the incidence rate of abnormally short frenulum (0 vs 7.5%, P0.05) but not in the VAS score (2.00 ［2.00, 3.00］ vs 2.00 ［2.00, 3.00］, P0.05).Abnormally short frenulum induced by circumcision with the disposable circumcision suture device is mainly attributed to ligation and fixation of the prepuce with the fixation band. Circumcision with the disposable circumcision suture device by suture positioning at the frenulum is a safe and effective method worthy of clinical promotion.

To present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate sarcoma and the clinical and prognostic features of the malignancy.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 26 cases of prostate sarcoma treated in our hospital from June 1998 to March 2018. The patients ranged in age from 15 to 64 years (［41 ± 14］ yr) and in the PSA level from 0.345 to 5.213 μg/L (［1.762 ± 1.184］ μg/L), all diagnosed with prostate sarcoma by prostatic biopsy and pathological examination after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).Postoperative pathological examination showed 11 cases of leiomyosarcoma, 6 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, 4 cases of spindle cell sarcoma, 4 cases of fibrosarcoma and 1 case of undifferentiated sarcoma among the total number of patients. Twenty-four of the patients were followed up for 3 to 18 (mean 13) months, of whom 21 died within 12 months and the other 3 within 13－18 months after diagnosis, all due to extensive metastases.Prostate sarcoma is a rare malignancy clinically, highly aggressive and with very poor prognosis. Surgery remains the main treatment option, but multiple disciplinary diagnosis and treatment could probably achieve a better prognosis for prostate sarcoma.

A dielectric resonator antenna with special shape for camouflage in the city is proposed in this paper. A series of antennas with different materials and shapes chosen from the normal building were made and analyzed. It was found that electrical properties of the antennas were extremely affected by shapes of the antenna and locations of the tap. Based on the results, a dielectric resonator antenna with return loss >-20dB, peak gain >6 dBi at 1.275 GHz was demonstrated. This technique will allow the design and installation of dielectric resonator antenna with good electrical properties for camouflage in the city .

Cyanine has been widely utilized as a near infrared (NIR) fluorophore for detection of glutathione (GSH). However, the excitation of most of the reported cyanine-based probes was less than 800 nm, which inevitably induce biological background absorption and lower the sensitivity, limiting their use for detection of GSH in blood samples. To address this issue, here, a heptamethine cyanine probe (DNIR), with a NIR excitation wavelength at 804 nm and a NIR emission wavelength at 832 nm, is employed for the detection of GSH and its oxidized form (GSSG) in blood. The probe displays excellent selectivity for GSH over GSSG and other amino acids, and rapid response to GSH, in particular a good property for indirect detection of GSSG in the presence of enzyme glutathione reductase and the reducing agent nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate, without further separation prior to fluorescent measurement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to explore NIR fluorescent approach for the simultaneous assay of GSH and GSSG in blood. As such, we expect that our fluorescence sensors with both NIR excitation and NIR emission make this strategy suitable for the application in complex physiological systems.

Objective: To characterize amikacin pharmacokinetics in serum and in blister fluid of severe burn patients to guide optimal treatment timing. Methods: Patients (N = 32) were divided into four groups based on amikacin administration timing and groups received drug minutes to hours after injury. In Groups A, B, C, and D, amikacin (400 mg, IV) was administered 3 - 4, 10, 20 and 30 h post burn injury, respectively (N = 8 for all groups). Next blister fluid and venous blood samples from 9 patients were obtained at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 h after drug infusion. Amikacin concentrations were measured with a fluorescent polarization immunoassay and pharmacokinetics was deduced using DAS3.2.5. Statistical analyses performed with SPSS13.0. Results: Compared with normal values, t1/2z of amikacin from burn patients was shortened in serum but amikacin half-lives in blister fluid was significantly greater than serum half-life values (p < 0.05). Groups A and B had greater pharmacokinetic values at each time point, and Group D did not achieve antibacterial concentrations of amikacin. Conclusion: Early amikacin administration in severe burn patients offers greater concentrations of drug in serum and blister fluids.

The first degree second order moment method (JC method) is applied to analyze the reliability of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFST). Several performances are studies, which are the influences of different load combinations, specific values of loads,confinement coefficients and recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage on the reliability of the column. It is found that the reliability index varied with the load combination and specific value of loads. The analytical results indicate that the reliability index of the round steel tube is higher than square steel tube and the influence of recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage can almost be ignored It can be concluded that the formula had great influence on reliability index and the revised formula can meet the requirements of the ductility of structure reliability.

By using the simple stiffness matrix formula of reinforced concrete (RC) cross-section under bending and compression, some RC cross-sections under bending and compression were traced through full path. Based on the numerical analysis, the damage of each point was calculated in a cross section, and the damage distribution of one member under the ultimate load was analyzed. This was agreement with experimental phenomena. In cross-section level, cross-section whole damage index was given and researched; and it could well explain cross-section mechanical behaviors.

In order to select sensitivity parameter of bearing capacity and ductility, the orthogonal design method was used to research reinforced concrete (RC) columns with Z-shaped cross-section under compression and bending, by the nonlinear analysis computer program of RC columns with irregularly-shaped cross-section. The seven parameters and four levels of orthogonal design were researched, for example ratio of limb length to limb thickness, ratio of axial compression, loading angle, concrete strength, long reinforce ratio, stirrup diameter and stirrup spacing. The results indicated that the best sensitivity factor of bearing capacity was ratio of limb length to limb thickness, next were loading angle and long reinforce ratio; the best sensitivity factor of ductility was ratio of axial compression, next were stirrup diameter and stirrup spacing. These would afford references for the design of RC columns with Z-shaped cross-section.

Phenazine with high purity above 99.5% was recovered from waste of industrial production of 4-amino-diphenylamine by using solid-liquid separation, solvent extraction, recrystallization, sublimation and rectification. The operating condition for the recovery of phenazine was assessed and optimal operation conditions were recommended. The yield of phenazine in the waste reaches 85% or so, the rest of the waste returns to the system for further use. This novel method increased waste utilization value and reduced production cost compared with the conventional process. This research saves the cost in phenazine synthesis and reduces waste emission.

Iron is a critical element for the survival of bacteria. We have designed and synthesized two novel 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one hexadentate ligands with high affinity for iron(III), which disrupt bacterial iron absorption. Biological studies demonstrate that these two chelators have significant inhibitory effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and therefore have potential as antimicrobial agents.

Based on micro structure of Ni-based single crystal superalloy, a γ/γ’ two-phase unit cell finite element model was established, and its cyclic stress-strain was simulated under tension/torsion cyclic loading. A low cycle fatigue (LCF) life prediction model of single crystal superalloy was proposed by using cyclic plasticity strain energy as a parameter based on energy dissipation theory. Calculation results of macro finite element model and γ/γ’ two-phase unit cell micro finite element model, and multiaxial LCF test data of CMSX-2 Ni-based single crystal superalloy along [001] orientation were applied to fit the LCF life model by multiple linear regression. The results show that the unit cell model not only reflects the microstructure characteristics of single crystal Ni-based superalloy, but also is better than the macro model in accuracy of analysis, and greatly improve the accuracy of fatigue life prediction. Almost test data fall into the factor of 2.0 scatter band.

In this paper, a piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) sensor has been developed with a coating material of N, N, N’, N’-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine (THEED). The active compound was selected from fifty-one adsorptive coating materials and was the most efficient one for sensing of carbon dioxide gas. The coated PQC sensor possessed an excellent linear response range of 0.3738 ~ 31.85% with a sensitivity of 53.81 Hz/% to CO2 gas after coating with 91.62 μg of THEED. The detection limit for CO2 gas could reach 100.0 ppm. The sensor also possessed good reproducibility and stability. There were no significant interferences from other gases dissolved in transformer oil such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, and ethyne. The THEED coated PQC sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of CO2 samples dissolved in transformer oil, showing its promising application for generation set’s safety evaluation in power industry.

The electrochemical behaviors and sensing application of 100nm-gold plate electrode based on 6-amino-1-hexanethiol (6-AHT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) have been investigated in this paper. The 6-AHT assembled nano gold plate electrode exhibited a nice linear potential performance of responding to Hg2+ in the range of 1.0×10-8—1.0×10-6 mol/L with a slope of 42.57 mV/-pC (25°C) in Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH=5.0). No obvious interferences were observed from Na+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cr3+. The detection limit can be evaluated to 8.0×10-9 mol/L. In addition, the electrode possessed good stability and reproducibility with a recovery rate of 96.50-103.67%, indicating that it can be used for the determination of Hg2+ content in environmental waste water samples. The sensing mechanism of 6-AHT monolayer has also been discussed by the formation of coordination structure between amino groups of the thiol molecules and the mercury ions.

An novel optical nano biosensor based on gold capped nano-particles for detecting binding events between ligands and receptor molecules as well as interactions among proteins without use of labels has been presented in this paper. The optical properties of nano-sized gold particles exhibiting pronounced adsorption in the visible region which called as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have been exploited, whose peak wavelengths depended exquisitely on the refractive index of the surrounding. In comparison with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, the optical nano biosensor possessed high sensitivity, surprisingly low “bulk effect”, ease of preparation, and low-cost polymer based fabrication, which opened a promising bioanalytical application in practice.

In the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium hydroxide under a nitrogen atmosphere, terminal alkynes reacted with diaryl disulfides at room temperature in dimethylformamide to give almost exclusively (Z)-1,2-diarylthio-1-alkene in good yields, but under an air atmosphere, the reaction gave a mixture of alkynyl sulfide and (Z)-1,2-diarylthio-1-alkene.

[structure: see text] The binding affinities of a cholic-acid-based fluorescent neutral receptor toward dicarboxylate anions and amino acids have been investigated in a CH3OH/H2O system (1:1, 0.01 M HEPES buffer, pH = 7.4) by fluorescence titration experiments. The synthetic host bearing four convergent functionalities strongly binds glutamate via multiple hydrogen bonds with a binding constant of (5.57 +/- 0.88) x 10(6).

A highly selective copper(II) ion fluorescent sensor has been designed based on the UV-visible absorption of a spiropyran derivative coupled with the use of a metal porphyrin operative on the fluorescence inner filter effect. Spiropyrans, which combine the characteristics of metal binding and signal transduction, have been widely utilized in cationic ion recognition by UV-visible spectroscopy. In the present work, the viability of converting the absorption signal of the spiropyran molecule into a fluorescence signal was explored. On account of overlap of the absorption band of the spiropyran (lambda(abs) = 547 nm) in the presence of copper ion with the Q-band of an added fluorophore, zinc meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (lambda(abs) = 556 nm), the effective light absorbed by the porphyrin and concomitantly the emitted light intensity vary as a result of varying absorption of the spiropyran via fluorescence inner filter effect. The metal binding characteristic of the spiropyran presents an excellent selectivity for copper ion in comparison with several other heavy or transition metal ions. Since the changes in the absorbance of the absorber translate into exponential changes in fluorescence of the fluorophore, the novelty of the present device is that the analytical signal is more sensitive over that of the absorptiometry or that of the fluorometry using one single dye. To realize a practical fluorescent sensor, both the absorber and fluorophore were immobilized in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane, and the sensing characteristics of the membrane for copper ion were investigated. The sensor is useful for measuring Cu2+ at concentrations ranging from 7.5 x 10(-7) to 3.6 x 10(-5) M with a detection limit of 1.5 x 10(-7) M. The sensor is chemically reversible, the fluorescence was switched off by immersing the membrane in copper ion solution and switched on by washing it with EDTA solution.

A new proton-selective fluorescing indicator, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl- N -(9-anthrylmethyl)benzidine (TMANB) has been synthesized and applied in an optode membrane for the determination of lead ion that works on the basis of a cation-exchange mechanism. When embedded in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane containing lead ionophore ( tert -butylcalix[4]arene-tetrakis( N , N -dimethylthioacetamide)) and a lipophilic anionic site [potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate], TMANB shows a significant fluorescence signal change on exposure to aqueous HCl solution containing lead ion, which exhibits the theoretically expected fluorescence response to lead ion concentration. The selectivity, response time, reproducibility and reversibility, and lifetime of the optode membrane were discussed.

To introduce different surgical treatment for gyncomastia at different grades.37 cases with gynecomastia were divided into three grades as: grade I with fat as main tissue, grade II with proliferated fibro-gland as main tissue, grade III with big and ptosis breasts and sagging skin. Different surgical methods were chosen according to the different grades of gyncomastia. These include liposuction, subareolar fibroglandular tissue removing, combined technique of the two methods, and breasts resection with free transplantation of nipple-areola complex.All patients were satisfied for the appearance of post-operative flat male chest. Complications, such as scar, numbness of nipple and areola were acceptable for them.Different surgical methods should be chosen for the gynecomastia at different grades. It can improve both the physical and psychological problems for patients.

Hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative disorders of excessive wound healing after skin injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis plays a major role in fibrogenesis and hypertrophic scar formation. Over recent years, there has been a major interest in homeobox gene regulation of VEGF-VEGFR mediated angiogenesis in dermal tissue. In the current study, we investigated the role of homeobox genes in the epidermis, for their role in angiogenesis, with a focus on epidermal-mesenchymal interactions. As epidermal stem cells (ESCs) have a central role in epidermal homeostasis, we tested the hypothesis that these cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars through the HOXA9-VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathways. We found significant differences in the expression of homeobox A9 in hyperplastic scar tissue during different phases of development. These differences coincided with similar regulations in VEGF expression and with the distribution of ESCs. HOXA9 is expressed in cultured human ESCs in vitro. Antisense suppression of HOXA9 expression was found to suppress VEGF levels in ESCs. Together these findings indicate that homeobox A9 regulates the expression of VEGF in ESCs.

A new fluorophore, N,N-dibenzyl-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (NBTMB), was prepared and shown to exhibit significant and analytical usefulness for optical sensing toward 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) when it was immobilized in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. When the membrane was applied to aqueous nitrophenol solution, NBTMB was able to extract selectively nitrophenol into the membrane phase. Since the extraction equilibrium was accompanied by fluorescence quenching of NBTMB, the chemical recognition process could be directly translated into an optical signal. The sensor showed reversible response in the concentration range from 2.0 x 10(-7) to 6.0 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) for the detection of 2,4-dinitrophenol in NaOAc-HOAc buffer at pH 4.0. It also showed a fast response time (t95%1.5 min) when the sensor was applied to 2,4-dinitrophenol solution at concentration levels of 5.26 x 10(-6) and 2.10 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) alternatively. A working principle is proposed and the responses of this sensor to various kinds of nitrophenol were studied. The sensor was applied to the direct determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in prepared water samples and the indirect assay of the drug cinchonine and the results obtained were satisfactory.

A selective optical chemical sensor for mercury ion based on a lipophilized sensing material (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, H2tpp) dissolved in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane has been developed. H2tpp immobilized in the PVC membrane acts not only as a selective host molecule for Hg2+, but also as a fluorescing transducer. The sensing mechanism involves the extraction of Hg2+ from aqueous sample solution to organic membrane phase and the formation of a metalloporphyrin complex between H2tpp and Hg2+, which results in the fluorescence quenching of H2tpp. The optode membrane containing H2tpp reversibly responds to Hg2+ and shows extremely high selectivity to Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+ and Pb2+. The detection limit for Hg2+ is 4.0×10−8 mol/l at pH 8.0. The response characteristics of the sensor including dynamic range, reversibility, reproducibility, response time and lifetime are discussed in detail. This sensor has been used for the determination of mercury ion in water samples containing potential interferents with satisfactory recovery.

Diaryl disulfides were reduced efficiently by a Zn/Cp2TiCl2 system at room temperature in dry THF to give the corresponding nucleophilic sulfur anion–titanocene complex, followed by reaction with α, β-unsaturated esters (ketones or nitriles) to afford the corresponding β-arylthioesters(ketone or nitrile) in good yields.

The management of burns and injuries using novel treatment strategies involving epidermal stem cells (ESC) requires a better understanding of the biology of these cells, in particular, their isolation and the maintenance of their unique characteristics in culture. The purpose of this study was to describe an improved method for isolating putative ESC from fetal rat skin and to maintain them long term in culture. Single ESC suspensions were obtained from fetal rat skin by enzyme digestion containing 0.5% neutral protease. The target cells were harvested by rapid adherence on type IV collagen plates and were cultured in complex DMEM. After primary isolation, cells were continuously cultured in K-serum free medium. After reaching 70-80% confluence, the cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin at 37°C for 5-10 minutes, and passaged at a ratio of 1:2. The cultured ESC showed good growth, resulting in cell viability of over 98%. Four days later, clones containing 100-200 cells were detected, showing cobblestone-like characteristics. The rapidly adherent cells were positive for keratin 15, 19 and P63. Eighty three percent of cells expressed β1 integrin. The growth-curve showed that the rapidly adherent cells were in the exponential growth phase. The protocol described in this paper provides a simplified and effective method to isolate and maintain long-term culture of epidermal stem cells from fetal rat skin. This method should be valuable for isolating and studying ESC from various transgenic rat lines that are currently available.

Bombesin (BBN) is a peptide exhibiting high affinity for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), which is overexpressed on several types of cancers. Various GRPR antagonists and agonists have been labeled with radiometals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of GRPR-positive tumors. However, unfavorable hepatobiliary excretion such as high intestinal activity may prohibit their clinical utility for imaging abdominal cancer. In this study, the modified BBN peptide with a new hydrophilic linker was labeled with (68)Ga for PET imaging of GRPR-expressing PC-3 prostate cancer xenograft model. GRPR antagonists, MATBBN (Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Asn-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3) and ATBBN (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHCH2CH3), were conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononanetriacetic acid (NOTA) and labeled with (68)Ga. Partition coefficient and in vitro stability were also determined. GRPR binding affinity of both tracers was investigated by competitive radioligand binding assay. The in vivo receptor targeting potential and pharmacokinetic of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN were also evaluated in PC-3 prostate tumor model and compared with those of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN. NOTA-conjugated BBN analogs were labeled with (68)Ga within 20 min with a decay-corrected yield ranging from 90 to 95 % and a radiochemical purity of more than 98 %. The specific activity of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN and (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN was at least 16.5 and 11.9 GBq/μmol, respectively. The radiotracers were stable in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum. (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN was more hydrophilic than (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN, as indicated by their log P values (-2.73 ± 0.02 vs. -1.20 ± 0.03). The IC50 values of NOTA-ATBBN and NOTA-MATBBN were similar (102.7 ± 1.18 and 124.6 ± 1.21 nM). The accumulation of (68)Ga-labeled GRPR antagonists in the subcutaneous PC-3 tumors could be visualized via small animal PET. The tumors were clearly visible, and the tumor uptakes of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN and (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN were determined to be 4.19 ± 0.32, 4.00 ± 0.41, 2.93 ± 0.35 and 4.70 ± 0.40, 4.10 ± 0.30, 3.14 ± 0.30 %ID/g at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively. There was considerable accumulation and retention of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN in the liver and intestines. In contrast, the abdominal area does not have much retention of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN. Biodistribution data were in accordance with the PET results, showing that (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN had more favorable pharmacokinetics and higher tumor to background ratios than those of (68)Ga-NOTA-ATBBN. At 1 h postinjection, the tumor to liver and intestine of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN were 8.05 ± 0.56 and 21.72 ± 3.47 and the corresponding values of unmodified counterpart were 0.85 ± 0.23 and 3.45 ± 0.43, respectively. GRPR binding specificity was demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of radiolabeled tracers after coinjection of an excess of unlabeled BBN peptides. (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN exhibited GRPR-targeting properties both in vitro and in vivo. The favorable characterizations of (68)Ga-NOTA-MATBBN such as convenient synthesis, specific GRPR targeting, high tumor uptake, and satisfactory pharmacokinetics warrant its further investigation for clinical cancer imaging.

The fluorescent spectrometry used for trace amount of sodium determination with high sensitivity has been discussed in this paper, which was based on complexation of ortho-methoxyl tetraphenylporphyrin (o-OCH 3 TPP) and sodium ion with the excitation wavelength of 242 nm. With the concentration of sodium ion increased, the fluorescence intensity of the complex increased at the emission wavelength of 655 nm. The optimal buffer of Na-o-OCH 3 TPP complex was selected as 10mM Tris-HCl solution, pH=8.87. The relative fluorescence intensity was proportional to the logarithmic value of concentration of Na+ in the range of 1.00×10−9 to 1.00×10−3mol/L, while the concentration of o-CH 3 TPP was 1.269×10−5mol/L, the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0.9804 (n=7), the detection limit can be estimated to about 3.00×10−10mol/L. No significant interferences were observed from alkali metals and alkaline metals, like K+, Ca2+,Mg2+, and Li+. In addition, the proposed method possessed a very nice reproducibility and stability. With standard addition method, the presented method possessed a nice recovery rate of 96.3–104.5% for detection of sodium in water samples from a thermal power plant, indicating that the method can be well used for the determination of trace sodium ion in water in high-parameter power plants.

A fluorescence spectrophotometry based on o-methoxyl tetraphenylporphyrin (o-OCH3TPP) for analysis of trace amount of cadmium ion in environmental waste water with a high sensitivity and high selectivity bas been discussed in this paper. When the optimal concentration of the porphyrin was fixed as 5.0×10-5mol/L and the optimal pH value was adjusted to 8.81 using Tris-HCl-tetrahydrofuran buffer solution, the fluorescence extinction value was proportional to the logarithmic value of Cd2+ concentration with the range of 5.0×10-8 to 1.0×10-6 mol/L, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9974 (n=10). The detection limit for Cd2+ could be evaluated to be 4.07×10-8mol/L. In addition, no obvious interferences from some common metal ions were observed. Also, the presented fluorescence spectrophotometry possessed a very nice reproducibility and stability with a recovery rate of 98.20%~102.00%, indicating that it was of feasibility for determination of trace amount of Cd2+ in environmental waste water.

To observe the change in albumin concentration in the subeschar tissue fluid of rabbits in early stage after burn, and to analyze its regular pattern.Thirty-four adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control group and experiment group according to the random number table, with 17 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in experiment group were subjected to 8% TBSA full-thickness scald on the back and were injected with human serum albumin in subeschar tissue serving as tracing albumin. 1.5 mL blood sample was collected at post scald hour (PSH) 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 respectively. Rabbits in control group were dealt with the above-mentioned procedures except for scald. The concentration of tracing albumin was measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The concentration of the serum albumin of rabbits were determined with biochemical analyzer. Pharmacokinetics parameters of tracing albumin were calculated with fitting model of 3P97 practical pharmacokinetics calculating program.(1) Concentration of tracing albumin of rabbits in experiment group was respectively higher than that in control group (P0.01) at each time point, and it peaked at PSH 8 [(421 +/- 10) microg/L]. (2) The concentration of serum albumin of rabbits in experiment group decreased in the beginning and increased later, while no significant change was observed in control group. (3) The distribution phase half-life of tracing albumin of rabbits in experiment group (4.0271 h) was about 1/3 of that of the control group (12.0907 h); while the area under the curve in the experiment group (22 336.38 microg.h.mL(-1)) was about 4 times of that in the control group (5827.77 microg.h.mL(-1)).The albumin in the subcutaneous tissue could be absorbed into blood circulation in normal conditions. The resorption occurs earlier and faster and more when obvious inflammation occurs (such as deep burn). Exudation and resorption of albumin co-exist in the early stage after burn.

In the presence of a catalytic amount of cesium hydroxide under a nitrogen atmosphere, terminal alkynes reacted with diaryl disulfides at room temperature in dimethylformamide to give almost exclusively (Z)-1,2-diarylthio-1-alkene in good yields, but under an air atmosphere, the reaction gave a mixture of alkynyl sulfide and (Z)-1,2-diarylthio-1-alkene.

To study the effect of blister fluid obtained from burn patient on human MSCs in vitro and its phenotypic modulation in culture.Blister fluid from burn patients was collected at 12, 24, 48 post burn hour (PBH). The human MSCs were isolated, cultured, amplified and identified in vitro, then were divided into A (culture with 20% blister fluid collected at 12 PBH) , B (culture with 20% blister fluid collected at 24 PBH), C (culture with 20% blister fluid collected at 48 PBH), N (with ordinary culture medium) groups. The growth of MSCs and micro-organisms in blister fluid were observed. Positive expression rates of CD44 and CK7 were detected by flow cytometry after culture for 8 days.Bacterial and fungal growths were absent in 15 blister fluid samples. There was no obvious change in MSC morphology in each group. Compared with that of N group, the number of MSCs in A, B, C groups was decreased, especially in C group. CD44 positive expression rate in A, B, C groups was (83.0 +/- 3.1)%, (77.2 +/- 2.9)% and (65.1 +/- 2.3)%, respectively,which was obviously lower than that in N group [(89.5 +/- 3.2)%, P0.01]. CK7 positive expression rate in A, B, C groups was (24.06 +/- 0.11)%, (16.41 +/- 0.09)% and (4.48 +/- 0.07)%, respectively, which was obviously higher than that in N group [(3.87 +/- 0.04)%, P0.01].Burn blister fluid can obviously inhibit the growth of human MSC cultured in vitro, and may promote modulation of its phenotype to certain extent.

To investigate the concentration and pharmacokinetics changes of amikacin in the serum and blister fluid in severe burn patients at early stage.Twenty severe burn patients during early postburn stage were divided into four groups with five patients in each group. Each patient was given a single dose of 400 mg amikacin in 30 minutes during 3-4 postburn hour (PBH) in A group, at 10 PBH in B group, at 20 PBH in C group, and at 30 PBH in D group. The concentration of amikacin in blister fluid was examined at 0.25, 0.5 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 h after treatment by fluorescence polarization immunoassay, meanwhile, the venous blood of 9 patients among them was also collected to determine the concentration of amikacin at the same time points. Pharmacokinetics parameters of model were produced by program 3P97.Among all groups, the concentration of amikacin in blister fluid in A group increased quickest and maintained longest, that of B group ranked second. The amikacin concentration of blister fluid in A, B groups were obviously higher than those in C, D groups at each time point (P0.05 orP0.01), especially at 1PBH (12.53 +/- 1.76, 9.52 +/- 1.51 microg/mL vs 4.65 +/- 0.77, 3.10 +/- 0.41 microg/ml, P0.01). The serum concentration of amikacin in 9 patients were decreasing along with elapse of time. The amikacin concentration-time curves in blister fluid and serum were best fit in two compartment models. Compared with that in normal value, t1/2beta of amikacin from burn patient was shortened in serum and prolonged in blister fluid.Early administration of amikacin in burn patients (within 10 PBH) may form an effective and continuous antibiotics barrier around the wound to prevent bacterial infection.

In the present paper, a new spirobenzopyran derivative was synthesized and applied in simultaneously colorimetric and fluorescence ratiometric detections of Cu2+. In contrast to the virtually photochromic character of the common spirobenzopyrans in most organic solvents, this spirobenzopyran is colorless in organic aqueous solution even irradiating by ultraviolet light. The formation of red merocyanine in an ethanol-aqueous solution is only induced by Cu2+ coordination. Furthermore, the closed form of the spirobenzopyran is highly fluorescent. Upon complexation with Cu2+, it displays not only decreasing in the initial fluorescence emission band but also appearing in a new emission at long wavelength. Thus, the Cu2+ quantitative measure can be achieved by fluorescence ratiometry. With the optimum conditions described, the Cu2+ concentration can be determined from 5.13 x 10(-7) M to 3.81 x 10(-4) with a detection limit of 1.06 x 10(-7) M. Both the color and the fluorescence changes of the spirobenzopyran are extremely specific for Cu2+ over biologically relevant substrates, which meet the selectivity requirements for biomedical application. Serum divalent copper values were determined using this spirobenzopyran, which fell into the normal range of the content reported in the literature and were in good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The combined data from fluorescence titrations and 1H NMR measurements indicate that the new emission of the spirobenzopyran generated by Cu2+ is the result of the metal-induced ring opening and conformation restriction by Cu2+ liganding with the opened merocyanine form and the subsequent reduction of the intramolecular charge transfer of the merocyanine.