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C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) can be used to assess the prognosis of various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CAR on the prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). This study included 155 SFTS patients from the Public Health Clinical Center of Dalian from January to December 2021. They were divided into survival and deceased groups based on the clinical prognosis. The independent risk factors for poor prognosis of SFTS patients at an early stage were determined by Cox regression. The efficacy of CAR prediction was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 155 patients were included in this study, with an average age of 61.98± 11.70 years, including 77 males and 65 females. The mortality rate of the patients enrolled in this study was 14.19%. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that CAR (hazard ratio = 2.585, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.405-4.753, p = 0.002) could be an independent predictor for prognosis in SFTS patients at an early stage. CAR had an AUC of 0.781 (95% CI, 0.665-0.898, p = 0.000), a cutoff value of 0.57, a sensitivity of 0.77, and a specificity of 0.80, with better predictive efficacy, compared to neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). High levels of CAR are associated with poor prognosis in SFTS patients, and CAR can be used as an independent predictor for SFTS patients.

The cracking resistance and durability of the ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) structure are directly affected by its tensile behaviour. A micro-analysis method was established to study the tensile behaviour of the UHPC before the appearance of visible cracks. The cooperative characteristic of the steel fibre and the cement matrix was taken as a research focus of the micro-analysis method. The random distribution of steel fibre was considered as normal distribution. Based on the micro-analysis method, the tensile behaviour of UHPC was divided into the elastic stage and micro-damage development stage. Other data sourced elsewhere were used to verify the feasibility of the micro-analysis method and the necessary data were tested using pure bending specimens to verify the theoretical model. The results show that the working mechanism of inner steel fibre can be described by the micro-analysis method. The bending test results of the UHPC at the elastic and the micro-damage development stage match the theoretical model. The tensile behaviour of the UHPC is dominated by the inner steel fibre and the contribution of the cement matrix can be ignored. A bilinear model is proposed to describe the tensile constitutive of UHPC before the appearance of visible cracks, and the limitations of each stage are 8.85 MPa and 12.36 MPa.

The interface bonding between carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and concrete plays a key role in the reinforcement of concrete structures using CFRP. However, in practical engineering, the reinforced structure is often subjected to the effect of sustained load and corrosive environmental conditions. The lack of sufficient research on the long-term performance of the bond interface under these conditions will hinder its application in the repair of aging structures. In this study, 27 double-sided shear specimens of CFRP-strengthened concrete were designed and fabricated, and the tests were performed under the combined action of sustained load and sulfate dry-wet cycles. The combined effects of erosion days and sustained load levels on failure modes, bearing capacity, stress and strain, and bond - slip curves of reinforced structures were studied. Based on the results, the failure mode of the reinforced structure gradually changes from shear failure of the concrete to debonding failure of the bond interface. The ultimate load and the stress-strain curve of CFRP showed an overall downward trend, and the degradation degree further increased with the increase in loading level. Through the inductive analysis of the experimental data, a bond-slip model of the interface considering the combined effect was proposed for these working conditions. Compared with the experimental curve, this model can sufficiently predict the degradation of the interface bond performance under the combined exposure to sustained load and sulfate dry-wet cycles.

Bowen Chen,1,2,* Linzhi Zhang,2,3,* Jiamin Cheng,2,* Tong Wu,2 Jin Lei,2,4 Xu Yang,5 Rongling Zhang,6 Rifaat Safadi,7 Yinyin Li,2 Tongguo Si,3 Yinying Lu1,2,8,9 1Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Senior Department of Hepatology, the 5th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 4Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 7Liver Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; 8Center for Synthetic & System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 9Guangdong Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yinying Lu, Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, No. 100, Middle Road of the West 4th Ring, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China, Email luyinying1973@163.com Tongguo Si, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tiyuan North Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People’s Republic of China, Email sitg77@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) among unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) patients with liver cirrhosis who received sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment.Patients and Methods: uHCC patients with cirrhosis who received first-line sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment between September 2014 and February 2021 were continually reviewed in our single-center retrospective study. The Hepatic Encephalopathy Scoring Algorithm was used to evaluate the occurrence and grade of HE during treatment, and logistic regression models were used to further explore the risk factors for HE.Results: A total of 454 eligible patients were enrolled in our study, with 214 and 240 patients in the sorafenib and lenvatinib groups, respectively. At time of data cut-off (2021– 12), the incidence of HE in sorafenib group (4.2%, 95% CI:2– 7%) was significantly lower than that in lenvatinib group (11.3%,95% CI:7– 15%) (p = 0.006), with alcoholic cirrhosis [OR: 5.857 (95% CI: 1.519– 22.591)], Child-Pugh > 7 [OR: 3.023 (95% CI: 1.135– 8.053)], blood ammonia ≥ 38.65 μmol/L [OR: 4.693 (95% CI: 1.782– 12.358)], total bile acid ≥ 29.5 μmol/L [OR: 11.047 (95% CI: 4.414– 27.650)] and duration of treatment ≥ 5.6 months [OR: 4.350 (95% CI: 1.701– 11.126)] to be risk factors for the occurrence of HE during first-line systemic therapy.Conclusion: In our study, for off-label uHCC patients (Child-Pugh > 7) with alcoholic cirrhosis, hyperammonemia, hypercholesterolemia, and estimated longer duration of treatment, the application of lenvatinib has to be cautious, which needs to be confirmed in future clinical trials.Keywords: hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, sorafenib, lenvatinib

Understanding the effects of the pore shape polydispersity on the percolation and diffusivity of the porous network has a great impact on the assessment and optimization of the composites' durability. In this work, a comprehensive framework is developed to study the effects of the pores' shape polydispersity on composites' diffusivity. In the present framework, the quantitative relationship between pores' shape polydispersity and percolation threshold of porous networks are established by an average excluded area formula (AEAF). Combining AEAF with the generalized effective medium theory (GEMT), the diffusivity of porous composites comprising polydisperse-shaped pores are predicted. To obtain the excluded area of polydisperse-shaped superoval particles, a new algorithm is proposed to detect whether the inter-superoval contact or not. Furthermore, a finite difference method (FDM) is employed to numerically calculate the diffusivity of the composites. Finally, the reliability of GEMT-AEAF theoretical framework is validated by comparing with numerical results from FDM.

The third component played an increasingly significant role in polymer solar cells (PSCs), especially for the morphological impact. Here, we use a ternary polymer donor (TBFCl50-BDD) and organic small molecule acceptor (BTP-4F) as the main material and introduce a third component (PC71BM) to enhance the morphology of the photoactive layer and result in improved device performance. The TBFCl50-BDD:BTP-4F based PSCs only exhibited an efficiency of 10.58%, while The power conversion efficiency of ternary device (TBFCl50-BDD:BTP-4F:PC71BM) reached 13.15%. Importantly, the introduction of PC71BM can not only improve the morphology of the active layer and promote more efficient exciton transport, but also influence the molecular arrangement for better crystallization performance. This work offers an effective method for optimization of the morphology to enhance the properties of PSCs.

Conventional additives like 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) play an essential role in optimization of blend film morphology of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, they have halogenated elements in their end groups, which are harmful to the environment and humans, limiting large-scale applications. In this work, a novel non-toxic and non-halogen additive, dibenzyl ether (DE), was introduced into PTB7-Th:PC71BM based PSCs, and the role of the DE additive was systemically investigated. The results showed that DE additive can not only adjust phase separation and optimize the morphology of blend film, but also promote the mobility of hole and electron. The grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) showed that the introduction of DE increased the interface area between PTB7-Th and PC71BM, which can promote exciton dissociation, and achieve better charge transport. Transient photovoltage (TPV) and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements show that carrier recombination of the additive-containing devices can be effectively inhibited with improved charge transport efficiency of the active layer. Consequently, the devices with DE additive achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.53% and a fill factor (FF) of 70.41%. Our non-toxic and non-halogen additive provides a potential solution for the preparation of environmental-friendly PSCs in the future.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are expected to attain a satisfactory power conversion efficiency (PCE) and acceptable production cost to guarantee strong competitiveness. However, state-of-the-art PCEs...

This paper is to study the influence of sulphate corrosion on the mechanical behaviors of concrete, especially concrete corrosion under actual corrosion environment. This study investigated different immersion methods for concrete in a corrosion environment, and different strengths of concrete specimens with contents of sodium sulphate and magnesium chloride of 10.36% and 12.00%, respectively. Strength tests were performed on the specimens for the different immersion methods of full immersion, half‐immersion, and dry‐wet cycles, and with different strengths for the concrete of C20, C35, and C50. To study the internal mechanisms of the corrosion of concrete with different immersion methods and different strengths, a microscopic pore structure test was conducted. The field tests were performed after 12 years to evaluate the long term performance of the concrete under the actual environmental conditions. The test results show that full immersion mainly led to chemical corrosion, half immersion led to double damage from salt crystallization and chemical corrosion, and dry‐wet cycles accelerated the corrosions of the salt crystallization and chemical corrosion. The higher the strength of concrete, the better its resistance to the sulphate corrosion. In comparison with the strength of the concrete before corrosion, field test results show that the strength of uncorroded concrete after 12 years is increased by 9.5% and the strength of corroded concrete after 12 years is reduced by 56.2%. The results of the strength tests and pore structure tests show that sulphate has a significant impact on concrete strength after 12 years of field tests. This study will contribute to improve long‐term performance of the concrete, provide guidance for concrete structure design in corroded areas, and suggested that increasing attention should be paid to the effects of sulphate on concrete performance.

The quantification of single oil in high order edible blend oil is a challenging task. In this research, a novel swarm intelligence algorithm, discretized whale optimization algorithm (WOA), was first developed for reducing irrelevant variables and improving prediction accuracy of hexanary edible blend oil samples. The WOA is inspired by hunting strategy of humpback whales, which mainly includes three behaviors, i.e., encircling prey, bubble-net attacking and searching for prey. In discretized WOA, positions of whales were updated and then discretized by arctangent function. The whale population performance, iteration number and whale number of WOA were investigated. To validate the performance of selected variables, partial least squares (PLS) was used to build model and predict single oil contents in hexanary blend oil. Results show that WOA-PLS can provide the best prediction accuracy compared with full-spectrum PLS, continuous wavelet transform-PLS (CWT-PLS), uninformative variable elimination-PLS (UVE-PLS), Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination-PLS (MCUVE-PLS) and randomization test-PLS (RT-PLS). Furthermore, CWT-WOA-PLS can further produce better results with fewer variables compared with WOA-PLS.

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In order to study the influence of different casting temperatures and curing conditions on the hydration reaction, strength, and micropore structure of concrete cured in a low negative temp...

The emergence of system-spanning flow path is the prerequisite of fluid flow through porous composites. In statistic physics, the percolation threshold is often used to describe the formation of long-range connectivity in the system and previous studies on the percolation of random systems showed that the percolation of porous network is strongly affected by the geometrical shape of pores. In this work, the continuum percolation theory is applied to study the percolation properties of 2D/3D porous media composed of homogeneous solid matrix and overlapping pores of concave-shaped geometries (i.e., shape parameter m) from the “cross” limit to the square/octahedron, respectively. By using Monte Carlo simulation, a series of 2D/3D porous structures comprising mono-sized overlapping pores of regular geometries are generated. By combining these simplified structures with finite-size scaling technique, the corresponding percolation thresholds ϕc are derived and the relation between the characteristic of concave-shaped pores and the percolation threshold is quantified by a numerical approximation. The results reveal that for both 2D/3D porous structures, ϕc presents a monotonically increasing trend with the increasing m (i.e., the shape of pores evolves continuously from the “cross” limit to the square/octahedron). Moreover, a general percolation-based effective-medium approximation is further adopted by us to theoretically explore the solute diffusion in the saturated porous systems considering their percolation behavior. From the study, it is observed that both the pore shape m and threshold ϕc have significant effect on the effective diffusivity of these porous structures, especially when the solid matrix is regarded as an insulating component. The results may provide some guidance for the development of percolation theory and the design of composites.

On the mesoscopic scale, concrete can be treated as a two-phase composite consisting of aggregates and mortar matrix. The geometrical feature of aggregate particles usually has significant impact on the structural evolution of concrete and then affects the macro-mechanical properties. To explore the relation between the aggregate characteristics and the macroscopic properties of material, a variety of packing models of particles such as spheres and ellipsoids have been widely applied in previous studies. In the paper, a family of polyhedron-like particles which are defined as the superball is applied to represent the aggregate particles. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the models of concrete mesostructure are generated in a random manner. By combining the semi-periodic models of these particles with the section analysis technique, three parameters (i.e., the volume fraction of aggregates VV, the specific surface area of aggregates SV and the mean free spacing between aggregates λ at the cross-section of the models) can be obtained. On the basis of different particle packing systems, we further study the effect of the aggregate characteristics (e.g., particle size distribution, particle shape, particle packing volume fraction, etc.) on the variation of the interfacial layers (which are caused by the wall effect) near the boundaries of formwork and a series of meaningful results are successively obtained. Based on the simulated results in the work, a more comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of the wall effect in concrete can be gained. It is hoped that the conclusions may provide a helpful guidance for the design of the composite materials.

Although it has been verified that nanomaterials can improve the properties of cement-based materials, the research on the characteristics and mechanism of different types of nanomaterials is still inadequate. Two typical types of nanomaterials, nano-SiO2 (pozzolanic material) and nano-TiO2 (non-pozzolanic material), are utilized in this paper to investigate the combined effects of reactivity, size, and content on the efficiency of nanomaterials in cement-based materials. The experimental results indicate that the size and content effect of nano-SiO2 is obvious. Small size and large content of nano-SiO2 can significantly improve the compressive strength of cement paste. However, the size effect of nano-TiO2 is much weaker than that of nano-SiO2, and the content effect of nano-TiO2 is only obvious at the early age. For the late age compressive strength, the small content of nano-TiO2 shows a similar obviously improving effect as the big content of nano-TiO2. The pore structure analysis shows that both nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 can reduce the total porosity of cement paste, but nano-TiO2 is more effective than nano-SiO2 at reducing the harmful pores. Therefore, the small content of nano-TiO2 is more effective to enhance the impermeability of cement-based materials. The results of this paper show that nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 have different effects and they should be selected based on the properties requirement of cement-based materials.

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne phlebovirus with a high fatality rate. Previous studies have demonstrated the poor prognostic role of eosinophils (EOS) and basophils (BAS) in predicting multiple viral infections. This study aimed to explore the role of EOS and BAS in predicting prognosis of patients with SFTS. Methodology A total of 194 patients with SFTS who were admitted to Yantai City Hospital from November 2019 to November 2021 were included. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were collected. According to the clinical prognosis, they were divided into survival and non-survival groups. Independent risk factors were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Findings There were 171 (88.14%) patients in the survived group and 23 (11.86%) patients in the non-survived group. Patients’ mean age was 62.39 ± 11.85 years old, and the proportion of males was 52.1%. Older age, neurological manifestations, hemorrhage, chemosis, and increased levels of laboratory variables, such as EOS% and BAS% on admission, were found in the non-survival group compared with the survival group. EOS%, BAS%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and older age on admission were noted as independent risk factors for poor prognosis of SFTS patients. The combination of the EOS% and BAS% had an area under the curve (AUC) of (0.82; 95% CI: 0.725, 0.932, P = 0.000), which showed an excellent performance in predicting prognosis of patients with SFTS compared with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and both exhibited a satisfactory performance in predicting poor prognosis compared with De-Ritis ratio (AST/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio). EOS% and BAS% were positively correlated with various biomarkers of tissue damage and the incidence of neurological complications in SFTS patients. Conclusion EOS% and BAS% are effective predictors of poor prognosis of patients with early-stage SFTS. The combination of EOS% and BAS% was found as the most effective approach.

Enterococcus avium (E. avium) is a common bacterium inhabiting the intestines of humans and other animals. Most strains of this species can produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system, but the presence and genetic organization of their GAD systems are poorly characterized. In this study, our bioinformatics analyses showed that the GAD system in E. avium strains was generally encoded by three gadB genes (gadB1, gadB2, and gadB3), together with an antiporter gene (gadC) and regulator gene (gadR), and these genes are organized in a cluster. This finding contrasts with that for other lactic acid bacteria. E. avium SDMCC050406, a GABA producer isolated from human feces, was employed to investigate the contribution of the three gadB genes to GABA biosynthesis. The results showed that the relative expression level of gadB3 was higher than those of gadB1 and gadB2 in the exponential growth and stationary phases, and this was accompanied by the synchronous transcription of gadC. After heterologous expression of the three gadB genes in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the Km value of the purified GAD3 was 4.26 ± 0.48 mM, a value lower than those of the purified GAD1 and GAD2. Moreover, gadB3 gene inactivation caused decreased GABA production, accompanied by a reduction in resistance to acid stress. These results indicated that gadB3 plays a crucial role in GABA biosynthesis and this property endowed the strain with acid tolerance. Our findings provided insights into how E. avium strains survive the acidic environments of fermented foods and throughout transit through the stomach and gut while maintaining cell viability.

Introduction: A working group on the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents detected in the kidney tissue predicted a worse renal outcome. However, the effect of C1 lesion (crescents in Methods: We investigated 305 biopsy-proven IgAN patients without obvious chronic renal lesions. Clinicopathologic features and treatment modalities were recorded. The patients were divided into several groups according to the presence or absence of a global crescent: no crescent (NC) group, only segmental crescent (SC) group, and global crescent (GC) group. The outcome was the survival from a combined event defined by a ≥15% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after 1 year or ≥30% decline in the eGFR after 2 years. Results: Among all patients, 75.7% were in the NC group, 14.8% were in the SC group, and 9.5% were in the GC group. Compared with the NC group, patients in the SC group and the GC group had more urine protein, lower eGFR, and presented with more severe pathological change. During a median follow-up of 34.8 (26.16–57.95) months, the combined event occurred in 34 individuals (11.1%). In a multivariate model, the GC group (HR = 2.756, 95% CI = 1.068–7.109) was associated with an increased risk of the combined event. Conclusions: In IgAN patients without obvious chronic renal lesions, the GC group had more severe clinical and pathological manifestations than in the NC group. GC is an independent risk factor for the progression of IgAN renal function.

In previous studies, nano-silica (NS) can improve the concrete performances under the conventional curing condition (about 20 °C). However, because more and more engineering projects are constructed in cold regions, it is very important to study the performances of concrete, which is cured under the negative-temperature condition. In order to explore whether NS still has the positive effect on concrete cured under the negative-temperature condition, multi-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of NS on the performances (mechanics, resistance to chloride ion penetration (RCP) ability, pore characteristics, microstructure, and hydration products) of the concrete cured under the condition of −3 °C. The results indicate that the negative-temperature curing condition is not conducive to the formation of compressive strength for concrete. Under the curing condition of −3 °C, the cement paste and the interface transition zone are deteriorated by the addition of NS, which reduces the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, as the increase of the NS content added into the concrete under the curing condition of −3 °C, the compressive strength, the RCP ability, and the amount of calcium hydroxide generated decrease, and the coarsening of pore structure increases.

To study the influence of different water–binder ratios on the corrosion, permeability, and freezing properties of concrete, we produced different strengths of concrete with respective water–binder ratios of 0.32, 0.38, 0.50, and 0.66. The corrosion resistance of the concrete was studied via three corrosion methods: full immersion, half immersion, and dry and wet cycles. The impermeability and frost resistance of concrete with different water–binder ratios were tested and analyzed. The test results show that the corrosion modes in order from strong to weak were dry and wet cycles, half soaking, and full soaking. The relative dynamic elasticity modulus and freeze–thaw index were used to evaluate the frost resistance of concrete based on the analysis of three indices of frost resistance. To study the internal mechanism of corrosion of concrete with different water–binder ratios, microscopic pore structure testing of the concrete was conducted using a Micromeritics AutoPore IV 9500 Series instrument. The porosimeter studies show that the smaller the water–binder ratio, the more small pores and the denser the concrete. The smaller the water–binder ratio, the higher the strength and the better the corrosion, permeability, and frost resistance.

Sulfate attack is one of the most common factors responsible for the performance deterioration of concrete exposed to aggressive environment. The transport of sulfate in concrete is a gradual process causing a gradient sulfate attack in concrete. Nominal stress-strain relationship which is directly based on the whole cross-sectional area is not applicable in practical engineering because of its dependence on geometrical dimensions. In this paper, a method is developed to obtain a real constitutive model for sulfate-attacked concrete. To investigate the transport behavior of sulfate ion in concrete, 16 cubic specimens were immersed in 10% sodium sulfate solution for eight immersion durations. Based on the development of sulfate ion content distribution, a modified diffusion model was developed to simulate the transport of sulfate ion in concrete. To clarify the effects of sulfate attack on mechanical properties of concrete, 24 prism specimens were immersed in 10% sodium sulfate solution, and another 24 specimens were immersed in pure water as control group to compensate the influence of further hydration. Based on the sulfate ion content distribution and nominal stress-strain curve for concrete in different immersion durations, real stress-strain curves of concrete with different sulfate ion contents were obtained by an innovative method. After analyzing the effects of sulfate ion content on the mechanical properties of concrete, a real constitutive model was proposed, which can well predict the structural performance of sulfate-attacked concrete members. With the increase of sulfate immersion duration, the peak stress and elastic modulus increase first and then decrease, while the peak strain decreases first and then increase.

Based on the Arrhenius equation, a key solution formula for activation energy of diffusion coefficient of sulfate ion was derived in concretes. The effects of the temperature and sulfate solution concentration on the distribution of sulfate content in concrete were investigated. The results showed that the concentration of sulfate ion in concrete increased with increase of temperature and solution concentration. The concentration of sulfate ion in concrete decreased with depth. Based on the concentration of sulfate ion in concrete attacked by sulfate at 20 °C and 40 °C, the activation energy of diffusion coefficient of sulfate ion in concrete was calculated.

This study aims to investigate the impact of an expansive agent and carbon fibre in repair mortar (overlay) on the bond strength at different water-to-binder ratios (w/b). Measurements of the flexural and compressive strengths, drying shrinkage, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were used to evaluate the properties of the overlays, and the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and splitting tensile strength were adopted to evaluate the properties of substrate. The exposure surface after splitting a cube into two halves was used as repair surface of substrate. The bond strength was evaluated by a splitting tensile test, and backscattered electron images were acquired to observe micro-cracks of the repair bond. The experimental results indicated that the drying shrinkage of the repair mortar was reduced by the carbon fibre and expansive agent. The total porosity of the repair mortar was increased and the compressive strength was decreased by the expansive agent. Interface failure accompanied by partial substrate failure and repair mortar failure accounted for 85.7% of bond failures. The incorporation of the expansive agent and carbon fibre in the repair mortar resulted in growth rates of 25.18% and 33.56%, respectively, for the splitting tensile bond strength at w/b of 0.30. This enhancement decreased as the w/b decreased. The repair effectiveness improved as the compressive strength ratio (repair mortar/substrate concrete) increased with a certain range (no more than 1.45). Therefore, the expansive agent and carbon fibre have the potential to improve the bond strength when the strengths of the substrate and of the repair material are equivalent and the repair bond under splitting tensile stress.