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This guideline aims to inspire fashion companies that wants to transform their supplychain to become sustainable. It intends to inform about the current available knowledgethat research can offer and hopefully provide some answers to the issues that refraincompanies from starting the transition. The first chapter gives an overview of environmental impacts associated with textileproduction in relation to the carrying capacity of the earth. The recommendations for thetextile industry to keep within the planetary boundaries are: • by 2030 reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from textile use by 50%, and by 2050be carbon-neutral; • by 2030 textile companies have knowledge of main suppliers’ water sources andrecipients, and the mean monthly river flows. By 2050, the control variable is suggestedto blue water withdrawal as % of mean monthly river flow and cooperation with otherlocal users. • by 2030 phase out all persistent organic pollutants (POP) from textile production andminimize use of chemicals as well as responsible handling of chemicals. The second chapter discuss the methodology used for developing the guidelines. Thetechnique of back casting was used to create a vision for how a sustainable supply chainliving up to the recommendations above could look like. The next step was to collect aseries of technical solutions that can reduce the environmental impacts, both via industrydialogue and literature sources. Finally, the Results chapter presents the actions that have been identified as feasible withtoday’s available technology and with high efficiency in reducing environmental impact.The results chapter also quantifies the effects that the proposed actions would have. Allproposed actions are linked to technologies which are available in bulk scale today.The guidance document ends with the Ecodesign Action List where the intent is for acompany to in a systematic way see what actions are possible, starting with the actionsof highest impact reduction potential first and saving the less efficient (but still efficient)actions for last.

Ecosystem quality is an important area of protection in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Chemical pollution has adverse impacts on ecosystems on a global scale. To improve methods for assessing ecosystem impacts, the Life Cycle Initiative hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme established a task force to evaluate the state-of-the-science in modeling chemical exposure of organisms and the resulting ecotoxicological effects for use in LCIA. The outcome of the task force work will be global guidance and harmonization by recommending changes to the existing practice of exposure and effect modeling in ecotoxicity characterization. These changes will reflect the current science and ensure the stability of recommended practice. Recommendations must work within the needs of LCIA in terms of 1) operating on information from any inventory reporting chemical emissions with limited spatiotemporal information, 2) applying best estimates rather than conservative assumptions to ensure unbiased comparison with results for other impact categories, and 3) yielding results that are additive across substances and life cycle stages and that will allow a quantitative expression of damage to the exposed ecosystem. We describe the current framework and discuss research questions identified in a roadmap. Primary research questions relate to the approach toward ecotoxicological effect assessment, the need to clarify the method's scope and interpretation of its results, the need to consider additional environmental compartments and impact pathways, and the relevance of effect metrics other than the currently applied geometric mean of toxicity effect data across species. Because they often dominate ecotoxicity results in LCIA, we give metals a special focus, including consideration of their possible essentiality and changes in environmental bioavailability. We conclude with a summary of key questions along with preliminary recommendations to address them as well as open questions that require additional research efforts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2955-2971. © 2018 SETAC.

This report summarises the environmental assessment work done in the Mistra Future Fashion program focussed on the potential to improve the environmental performance of garments and adapt them to a circular economy. The approaches examined in this report include reducing the environmental impacts from fast-fashion trends by making garments from paper-based materials, or by extending garment life cycles. This assessment considers two paper-based garments. One is made primarily from paper pulp but enhanced with a polylactic acid polymer. This garment is worn between two to five times before being recycled as newspaper. The other fast garment is made of paper pulp, polylactic acid and nanocellulose. It has a similar life cycle but is composted after use life. These garments are compared with a standard t-shirt. The report also considers a slow-paced scenario in which a polyester garment passes between several owners and is regularly changed to maintain its appeal. It is updated with a transfer sublimation overprint three times, making the garment darker each time. Later it is joined with an outer shell of new material using laser technology to make a cropped, box-cut jacket. The assessment was performed using environmental life cycle assessment. More particularly, the assessment was based on attributional process analysis with cutoff allocation procedures and comparison with a traditional reference garment life cycle. Key environmental effect categories considered here include climate change (greenhouse gas emissions), freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer). The results indicate that the environmental outcomes of the paper-based garments can be competitive with the reference garment, particularly when the user is assumed to throw away a fully functional reference garment after five uses. This assumption may be true for some users, but the number of uses is considerably lower than the typical or the potential lifespan of the reference garment. The main factor assisting the paper-based garments is the reduction in the impacts per mass associated with material manufacturing (fibres, spinning, knitting), and also their lighter masses. Avoided impacts in the use phase play a secondary role on account of their location in Sweden with its low-carbon energy mix. The long-life garments are also competitive compared with their reference garments. This is primarily a consequence of how extending garment life avoids the production of new garments. The environmental impacts associated with transfer sublimation dye reprinting and laser processing do not significantly impact the overall environmental performance of the extended longlife garments, though confidentiality of data prevents a full assessment of these. The garments in this report are pilot products and explorative scenarios rather than attempts to model existing business or behavioural patterns. The reader should therefore take care to keep the results in context when interpreting them. Nevertheless, the results suggest the value of pursuing the potential associated with these garment life cycles. We should also bear in mind that while the reference garments in this assessment are based on typical usage patterns, other more sustainable patterns are feasible. Mistra Future Fashion

This report contains an analysis of the needs and barriers for a legal requirement on declaration and/or labelling of chemicals in textiles. The project is a part of the Nordic action plan for textiles ”Well dressed in a clean environment. Nordic action plan for sustainable fashion and textiles”. Based on the findings from the analysis in this report, a way forward towards a legal requirement on a declaration and/or labelling of chemicals in textiles is proposed via two main options. One option is to work for an extension of the REACH legislation: to make it applicable for labelling and declaration. This option is supported by the industry. Another option is to create a new legislation framework; a product safety regulation for textiles. This option may have a more holistic approach and can include CE-marking.

Syftet i denna studie var att studera förskolepersonalens uppfattningar om barns relationsskapande i leken utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Denna kvalitativa studie genomfördes med åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskolepersonal från två olika förskolor. Detta för att vi ville veta hur personalen ser på barns relationsskapande. Vårt resultat visar att pojkar och flickor skapar relationer och leker på olika sätt men att förskolepersonalen vill arbeta utifrån ett könsneutralt sätt och lägga fokus på barns individuella egenskaper och intressen. I studiens resultat så beskrevs fyra olika kategorier som tydligt framkommit. Dessa är förskolepersonalens närvaro som ansågs vara av vikt och en central del i barns relationsskapande. I Skillnader och likheter i barns relationsskapande framkom det fler skillnader än likheter i våra intervjuer. Barns lek ansågs även den vara en central del i förskolan och i barns relationsskapande. Den sista kategorin var svårigheter som kan uppstå i barns relationsskapande där olika faktorer som bidrar till dessa svårigheter lyftes. Dessa fyra kategorier är något som vi anser är grundläggande för vårt slutresultat.

This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA.The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1)3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2)There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.

Bakgrund: Anhöriga upplever den palliativa vården som betungande vilket kan leda till negativa känslor. Även sjuksköterskor upplever en känsla av rädsla och otillräcklighet i samband med den palliativa vården där vården främst fokuserar på personen med palliativ diagnos medan anhörigas behov försummas. Enligt World Health Organisation ska stöd erbjudas även till anhöriga under den palliativa vårdtiden och därför är det av vikt att anhörigas upplevelser uppmärksammas. Syfte: Belysa anhörigas upplevelser av palliativ vård. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats grundad på sju vetenskapliga artiklar. Analysen utfördes med hjälp av Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) beskrivning av innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier som belyser att anhöriga upplevde en emotionellt känslomässig ambivalens och att det var viktigt att få stöd i den palliativa vården för att kunna hantera den nya livssituationen. Även att få vara en i vårdteamet hade betydelse för att kunna hantera situationen. Resultatet visade även att anhöriga satte personen med palliativ diagnos i fokus vilket ledde till att deras egna intressen hamnade i bakgrunden. Slutsats: Anhöriga upplevde en emotionellt känslomässig ambivalens i olika situationer i den palliativa vården och upplevde att stödet var viktigt för att kunna hantera den nya livssituationen. Anhöriga upplevde det viktigt att få vara en i vårdteamet för att på bästa sätt hantera situationen. Således kan studiens resultat medföra att sjuksköterskor i sitt kliniska yrke kan använda kunskapen om hur anhöriga upplever den palliativa vården för att kunna bemöta och uppmärksamma anhöriga på bästa sätt, då även de anhöriga ingår i den palliativa vården.

Studiens syfte var att få en ökad förståelse för hur människor beroende på genus förväntas hantera situationer som innefattar beslutsfattande. Totalt deltog 28 personer från tre olika arbetsplatser som skattade hur väl 25 påståenden stämde in på fyra fiktiva personer som presenterades med personbeskrivningar. Dessa beskrivningar skiljde sig åt genom kön och bekantskap till undersökningsdeltagarna. De kvinnliga fiktiva personerna uppfattades som mer rationella och intuitiva än de manliga fiktiva personerna. Undersökningsdeltagarna ansåg att de fiktiva personerna med samma genus tenderade att besitta positiva egenskaper gällande beslutsfattande i större utsträckning än de fiktiva personerna med motsatt genus. Kvinnliga försöksdeltagare ansåg att de personer som de beskrevs vara nära vän med hade en mindre beroende beslutsstil än de som de inte vara nära vän med, medan det motsatta förhållandet rådde för män. Sammantaget tyder resultaten på att både bedömarens och den bedömdas genus spelar in i bedömningar av andra människors beslutsstilar.