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Este artículo reseña el estado actual y las perspectivas de la ganadería bovina basada en ejemplares criollos en los diferentes países de America Latina. El estudio implicó una búsqueda electrónica dirigida y un sondeo por el método de bola de nieve. Como principales hallazgos se reportan el desconocimiento del inventario de bovinos criollos en la mayor parte de los países, así como avances en el fomento del cruzamiento de las razas criollas con las foráneas, que promueven las asociaciones de criadores de bovinos criollos que existen en el continente. Asimismo, se destaca los recientes aportes científicos que con ayuda de herramientas genómicas y de biotecnología reproductiva, contribuyen al posicionamiento de las razas criollas como elementos primordiales para la resiliencia y sostenibilidad de la actividad ganadera, esto ante diversas alteraciones en el entorno. Se concluye que es prioritario generar información técnico-económica formal de los hatos, así como mejorar el estado nutricional de los ganados y enfatizar los esfuerzos en el fomento de las razas criollas a nivel local, regional, nacional y continental con la integración de entidades académicas, investigativas, gremiales y gubernamentales.

STUDY QUESTION What are the effects of plant-derived antioxidant compounds urolithin A (UA) and B (UB) on the growth and pathogenetic properties of an in vitro endometriosis model? SUMMARY ANSWER Both urolithins showed inhibitory effects on cell behavior related to the development of endometriosis by differentially affecting growth, adhesion, motility, and invasion of endometriotic cells in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age and is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. As current pharmacological therapies are associated with side effects interfering with fertility, we aimed at finding alternative therapeutics using natural compounds that can be administered for prolonged periods with a favorable side effects profile. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In vitro cultures of primary endometriotic stromal cells from 6 patients subjected to laparoscopy for benign pathologies with histologically confirmed endometriosis; and immortalized endometrial stromal (St-T1b) and endometriotic epithelial cells (12Z) were utilized to assess the effects of UA and UB on endometriotic cell properties. Results were validated in three-dimensional (3D) in vitro co-culture spheroids of 12Z and primary endometriotic stroma cells of one patient, and organoids from 3 independent donors with endometriosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects on cell growth were measured by non-radioactive colorimetric assay to measure cellular metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability (MTT assay) and flow cytometric cell cycle assay on primary cultures, St-T1b, and 12Z. Apoptosis analyses, the impact on in vitro adhesion, migration, and invasion were evaluated in the cell lines. Moreover, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays were performed on primary cultures, St- T1b and 12Z to evaluate a plausible mechanistic contribution by factors related to proteolysis (matrix metalloproteinase 2, 3 and 9 -MMP2, MMP3, MMP9-, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -TIMP-1-), cytoskeletal regulators (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 -RAC1-, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 -ROCK2-), and cell adhesion molecules (Syndecan 1 -SDC1-, Integrin alpha V–ITGAV-). Finally, the urolithins effects were evaluated on spheroids and organoids by formation, viability, and drug screen assays. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE 40 µM UA and 20 µM UB produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation in the primary endometriotic cell cultures (P LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was performed on in vitro endometriosis models. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These in vitro results provide new insights into the pathogenetic pathways affected by these compounds and mark their use as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded EU MSCA-RISE-2015 project MOMENDO (691058). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Endometriosis is an often painful disease in reproductive-aged women, in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterine cavity. Since the limited current therapeutic alternatives fail in alleviating the symptoms and based on our previous research in in vitro models using the same compounds as the ones used in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of urolithins A (UA) and B (UB) on the growth and survival of endometriotic-like lesions in a murine model of endometriosis. Female BALB/C mice were surgically induced with endometriosis and treated with 2.5 mg kg-1 day-1 intraperitoneal UA or UB. The mice were monitored daily and weighed and the estrous stage was determined. After 28 days of treatment, lesions were counted, measured, excised, and fixed. Both urolithins proved not to affect the estrous cycle or body weight of the mice. UA completely prevented endometriotic-like lesions, while UB diminished the implant volume (p < 0.05). Treatment also reduced epithelial and stromal cell proliferation within the implants (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) and apoptosis was enhanced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). These results are promising and reveal that urolithins A and B, separately, have a beneficial effect on the overall endometriotic growth without affecting the body weight or estrous cycle. Fil: Mc Cormack, Bárbara Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Olivares, Carla Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Madanes, Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Ricci, Analía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Bilotas, Mariela Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina Fil: Barañao, Rosa Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

La presente investigaci?n tuvo como objetivo, Proponer la producci?n de textos escritos para mejorar la resoluci?n de conflictos en los estudiantes del grado 9? de la Instituci?n Educativa San Jos? de la ciudad de Monter?a 2021. El paradigma que se tuvo en cuenta fue sociocr?tico y el enfoque de la investigaci?n fue de tipo Mixto (cualitativo/Cuantitativo). En cuanto al dise?o se estableci? el de car?cter Proyectivo, buscando de manera acertada dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigaci?n. En lo que hace referencia a las t?cnicas de recolecci?n de datos, se utiliz? la entrevista y la observaci?n, en donde se formul? un sondeo con 12 interrogantes abiertos y con respuestas m?ltiples y opciones diversas de respuesta. La poblaci?n objeto de investigaci?n fue finita, y estuvo conformada por treinta y dos estudiantes del grado 9? de nivel b?sico, aplic?ndose para ello el tipo probabil?stico - aleatorio simple. Los estudiantes que participaron del proceso fueron autorizados mediante la firma del consentimiento informado dise?ado para tal fin. Para construir las tablas y gr?ficas, se utiliz? el programa Microsoft Excel, proceso que dio acceso a los resultados de la investigaci?n y al an?lisis que se efectu? posteriormente. En cuanto a los resultados, se determinaron cu?les son las causas m?s comunes por las que se presentan conflictos y cu?les de estos son los que se presentan con m?s frecuencia. De la misma manera, sepudo establecer la aceptaci?n de los estudiantes para dise?ar una estrategia mediante la producci?n textual que permita disminuir los conflictos y mejorar la convivencia. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the production of written texts on conflict resolution in 9th grade students of the San Jos? Educational Institution in the city of Monter?a, department of C?rdoba. The paradigm that was taken into account was sociocritical and the research approach was mixed (qualitative / Quantitative). Regarding the design, the Projective character was established, seeking in a successful way to answer the research question. Regarding the data collection techniques, the interview and observation were used, where a survey was formulated with 12 open questions and with multiple answers and diverse response options. The population under investigation was finite, and was made up of thirty-two students from the 9th grade of basic level, applying the probabilistic type - simple random. The students who participated in the process were authorized by signing the informed consent designed for that purpose. To build the tables and graphs, the Microsoft Excel program was used, a process that gave access to the results of the investigation and the analysis that was subsequently carried out. Regarding the results, it was determined which are the most common causes for which conflicts occur and which of these are the ones that occur most frequently. In the same way, it was possible to establish the acceptance of the students to design a strategy through textual production that allows reducing conflicts and improving coexistence. Maestr?a Mag?ster en Ciencias de la Educaci?n