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1. The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

Author: Juanita A. Haagsma, Periklis Charalampous, Filippo Ariani, Anne Gallay, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Evangelia Nena, Che Henry Ngwa, Alexander Rommel, Ausra Zelviene, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hanadi Al Hamad, Luciana Albano, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Olatunde Aremu, Ashokan Arumugam, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Massimiliano Beghi, Derrick A. Bennett, Akshaya S. Bhagavathula, Félix Carvalho, Giulio Castelpietra, Ledda Caterina, Joht Singh Chandan, Rosa A. S. Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Giovanni Damiani, Anna Dastiridou, Andreas K. Demetriades, Diana Dias-da-Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Urbano Fra.Paleo, Silvia Ghirini, James C. Glasbey, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Michal Grivna, Netanja I. Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Ivo Iavicoli, Milena D. Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Joonas H. Kauppila, Gbenga A. Kayode, Moien A. B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Carlo La-Vecchia, Demetris Lamnisos, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Shai Linn, Joana A. Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Aurea Madureira-Carvalho, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Azeem Majeed, Ritesh G. Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Mariam Molokhia, Shafiu Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Francesk Mulita, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Ionut Negoi, Subas Neupane, Bogdan Oancea, Hans Orru, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Jay Patel, Paolo Pedersini, Marina Pinheiro, Ivo Rakovac, Chythra R. Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Violet Rodrigues, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Aziz Sheikh, Rahman Shiri, Siddharudha Shivalli, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache, Bogdan Socea, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Fimka Tozija, Sarah Van de Velde, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Francesco S. Violante, Vasiliy Vlassov, Yanzhong Wang, Ali Yadollahpour, Sanni Yaya, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Suzanne Polinder, and Marek Majdan
Subjects: Burden of disease, Injuries, Disability adjusted life years, Mortality, Europe, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Abstract Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2019 results on injuries in 44 European countries from 2000 to 2019. Inequality in DALY rates between these countries was assessed by calculating the DALY rate ratio between the highest-ranking country and lowest-ranking country in each year. Results In 2019, in Eastern Europe 80 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 71 to 89] people per 100,000 died from injuries; twice as high compared to Central Europe (38 injury deaths per 100,000; 95% UI 34 to 42) and three times as high compared to Western Europe (27 injury deaths per 100,000; 95%UI 25 to 28). The injury DALY rates showed less pronounced differences between Eastern (5129 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 4547 to 5864), Central (2940 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 2452 to 3546) and Western Europe (1782 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 1523 to 2115). Injury DALY rate was lowest in Italy (1489 DALYs per 100,000) and highest in Ukraine (5553 DALYs per 100,000). The difference in injury DALY rates by country was larger for males compared to females. The DALY rate ratio was highest in 2005, with DALY rate in the lowest-ranking country (Russian Federation) 6.0 times higher compared to the highest-ranking country (Malta). After 2005, the DALY rate ratio between the lowest- and the highest-ranking country gradually decreased to 3.7 in 2019. Conclusions Injury mortality and DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in Western Europe, although differences in injury DALY rates declined rapidly, particularly in the past decade. The injury DALY rate ratio of highest- and lowest-ranking country declined from 2005 onwards, indicating declining inequalities in injuries between European countries.
Published: 2022
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2. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Sensing Based on Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Author: Rosa A. S. Couto, Constantino Coelho, Bassim Mounssef, Sara F. de A. Morais, Camila D. Lima, Wallans T. P. dos Santos, Félix Carvalho, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, and M. Beatriz Quinaz
Subjects: analytical chemistry, ‘bath salts’, biomimetics, drug analysis, electropolymerization, electroanalysis, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a harmful and controlled synthetic cathinone used as a psychostimulant drug and as sport-enhancing substance. A sensor was developed for the direct analysis of MDPV by transducing its oxidation signal by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (e-MIP) built in-situ on the screen-printed carbon electrode’s (SPCE) surface previously covered with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Benzene-1,2-diamine was used as the functional monomer while the analyte was used as the template monomer. Each step of the sensor’s development was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a solution containing ferricyanide, however no redox probe was required for the actual MDPV measurements. The interaction between the poly(o-phenylenediamine) imprinted polymer and MDPV was studied by density-functional theory (DFT) methods. The SPCE-MWCNT-AgNP-MIP sensor responded adequately to the variation of MDPV concentration. It was shown that AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical signal by around a 3-fold factor. Making use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) the developed sensor provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μmol L–1. The analytical performance of the proposed sensor paves the way to the development of a portable device for MDPV on-site sensing to be applied in forensic and doping analysis.
Published: 2021
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3. Development of a Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-Based Portable Sensor for the Voltammetric Analysis of the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Ethambutol

Author: Rosa A. S. Couto and Maria Beatriz Quinaz
Subjects: carbon nanotube, electrochemistry, ethambutol, pharmaceutical analysis, screen-printed electrode, sensor, tuberculosis, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: Herein we describe the development, characterization and application of an electrochemical sensor based on the use of Nafion/MWCNT-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the voltammetric detection of the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug ethambutol (ETB). The electrochemical behaviour of the drug at the surface of the developed Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the modified surface of the electrodes. Results showed that, compared to both unmodified and MWCNTs-modified SPCEs, negatively charged Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs remarkably enhanced the electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for ETB due to the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction between cationic ETB molecules and negatively charged Nafion polymer and the inherent electrocatalytic properties of both MWCNTs and Nafion. Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs provided excellent biocompatibility, good electrical conductivity, low electrochemical interferences and a high signal-to-noise ratio, providing excellent performance towards ETB quantification in microvolumes of human urine and human blood serum samples. The outcomes of this paper confirm that the Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-based device could be a potential candidate for the development of a low-cost, yet reliable and efficient electrochemical portable sensor for the low-level detection of this antimycobacterial drug in biological samples.
Published: 2016
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4. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Hadis Pourchamani, Ali Bijani, Hai Quang Pham, Mehdi Naderi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Navid Rabiee, Rosa A. S. Couto, Marina Pinheiro, Luis Camera, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, David Laith Rawaf, Irina Filip, Ratilal Lalloo, Spencer L. James, Suzanne Polinder, Rohollah Kalhor, Tanuj Kanchan, Ali Manafi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Bach Xuan Tran, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Navid Manafi, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Samer Hamidi, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Simon I. Hay, Ravensara S. Travillian, Michael T. Chung, Narinder Kumar, Daniel Y. Cho, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Tommi Vasankari, Jeevan Pereira, Ai-Min Wu, Zichen Liu, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Jalal Arabloo, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Bhawna Gupta, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Ali H. Mokdad, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Amir Radfar, Rakhi Dandona, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irena Ilic, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Amin Soheili, Malke Asaad, Catherine Bisignano, Masood Ali Shaikh, Lalit Dandona, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Maciej Banach, Xiaochen Dai, Ritesh G. Menezes, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Vinod C Nayak, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Mikk Jürisson, Florian Fischer, Salman Rawaf, Aidin Abedi, Andrew T Olagunju, Nikita Otstavnov, Rovshan Khalilov, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Savita Lasrado, Vahid Alipour, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Stephen S Lim, Srikanta Banerjee, A. A. Fomenkov, Jung-Chen Chang, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Theo Vos, Taras Kavetskyy, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Yousef Mohammad, Farshad Farzadfar, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Birhanu, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Wondwossen Niguse Asmare, Pascual R. Valdez, Abdallah M. Samy, Christopher J L Murray, Juanita A. Haagsma, Maseer Khan, Cameron J. Kneib, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and University of Helsinki
Subjects: Burden of disease, EXCESS MORTALITY, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Population, Osteoporosis, UNITED-STATES, OSTEOPOROSIS, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Fractures, Bone, 0302 clinical medicine, Age groups, Epidemiology, INJURY, medicine, Prevalence, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Humans, Disabled Persons, education, Aged, 030222 orthopedics, education.field_of_study, Hip fracture, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, HIP FRACTURE, Articles, medicine.disease, NONUNION, 3. Good health, LIFE, Psychiatry and Mental health, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Family Practice, business, COSTS, Osteoporotic Fractures, Demography
Abstract: Background Bone fractures are a global public health issue; however, to date, no comprehensive study of their incidence and burden has been done. We aimed to measure the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of fractures from 1990 to 2019. Methods Using the framework of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we compared numbers and age-standardised rates of global incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of fractures across the 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories, by age, sex, and year, from 1990 to 2019. We report estimates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Globally, in 2019, there were 178 million (95% UI 162-196) new fractures (an increase of 33.4% [30.1-37.0] since 1990), 455 million (428-484) prevalent cases of acute or long-term symptoms of a fracture (an increase of 70.1% [67.5-72.5] since 1990), and 25.8 million (17.8-35.8) YLDs (an increase of 65.3% [62.4-68.0] since 1990). The age-standardised rates of fractures in 2019 were 2296.2 incident cases (2091.1-2529.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 9.6% [8.1-11.1] since 1990), 5614.3 prevalent cases (5286.1-5977.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 6.7% [5.7-7.6] since 1990), and 319.0 YLDs (220.1-442.5) per 100 000 population (a decrease of 8.4% [7.2-9.5] since 1990). Lower leg fractures of the patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle were the most common and burdensome fracture in 2019, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 419.9 cases (345.8-512.0) per 100 000 population and an age-standardised rate of YLDs of 190.4 (125.0-276.9) per 100 000 population. In 2019, age-specific rates of fracture incidence were highest in the oldest age groups, with, for instance, 15 381.5 incident cases (11 245.3-20 651.9) per 100 000 population in those aged 95 years and older. Interpretation The global age-standardised rates of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs for fractures decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019, but the absolute counts increased substantially. Older people have a particularly high risk of fractures, and more widespread injury-prevention efforts and access to screening and treatment of osteoporosis for older individuals should help to reduce the overall burden. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2021

5. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Nichols, E, D Steinmetz, J, Emil Vollset, S, Fukutaki, K, Chalek, J, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Tayyaba Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Mashhour Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Almustanyir, S, Amu, H, Ansari, I, Arabloo, J, Ashraf, T, Astell-Burt, T, Ayano, G, L Ayuso-Mateos, J, Amin Baig, A, Barnett, A, Barrow, A, T Baune, B, Béjot, Y, M Mequanint Bezabhe, W, Mequanint Bezabih, Y, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biswas, A, Rao Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Alberto Cámera, L, Cao, C, Carvalho, F, S Castro-de-Araujo, L, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, P Chavan, P, Cherbuin, N, Chu, D, Marisa Costa, V, S Couto, R, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, Dhamnetiya, D, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Douiri, A, Edvardsson, D, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, I El-Jaafary, S, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fares, J, Faro, A, Farooque, U, L Feigin, V, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fillit, H, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Galluzzo, L, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gialluisi, A, Amir Gilani, S, Glăvan, I, V Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gupta, R, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Rifat Haider, M, J Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, J Hankey, G, Haque, S, Kusuma Hartono, R, I Hasaballah, A, Tasdik Hasan, M, Hassan, A, I Hay, S, Hayat, K, I Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Sina Naghibi Irvani, S, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Kumar Jayapal, S, Jayawardena, R, Prakash Jha, R, B Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Kalani, R, Kandel, A, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Semachew Kasa, A, M Kassie, G, Keshavarz, P, B Khan, M, Nazli Khatib, M, Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, T, Khubchandani, J, Seo Kim, M, Jin Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, J Koroshetz, W, Koyanagi, A, Anil Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Mehmood Lak, H, Leonardi, M, Li, B, S Lim, S, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Logroscino, G, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Lutzky Saute, R, Giulia Magnani, F, Azam Malik, A, Massano, J, Mohan Mehndiratta, M, G Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mohajer, B, Mohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, A, H Mokdad, A, Mondello, S, Ali Moni, M, Moniruzzaman, M, Belete Mossie, T, Nagel, G, Naveed, M, C Nayak, V, Neupane Kandel, S, Huyen Nguyen, T, Oancea, B, Otstavnov, N, S Otstavnov, S, O Owolabi, M, Panda-Jonas, S, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Pasovic, M, K Patel, U, Pathak, M, P Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, B Peterson, C, R Phillips, M, Pinheiro, M, A Piradov, M, Dimity Pond, C, H Potashman, M, Hyder Pottoo, F, I Prada, S, Radfar, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Ram, P, Ranasinghe, P, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, R Robinson, S, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Ali Sahraian, M, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Ali Shaikh, M, S Shaji, K, Shannawaz, M, K Shetty, J, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Augusto Santos Silva, D, Pedro Silva, J, Silva, R, A Singh, J, Yurievich Skryabin, V, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, E Smith, A, Soshnikov, S, Elizabeth Spurlock, E, J Stein, D, Sun, J, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Thakur, B, Timalsina, B, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Xuan Tran, B, Wudie Tsegaye, G, Valadan Tahbaz, S, R Valdez, P, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Thu Vu, G, Gia Vu, L, Wang, Y, Wimo, A, Sylvia Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zadey, S, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, L Murray, C, Vos, T, Emma Nichols, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Hubert Amu, Iman Ansari, Jalal Arabloo, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Getinet Ayano, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Atif Amin Baig, Anthony Barnett, Amadou Barrow, Bernhard T Baune, Yannick Béjot, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Prachi P Chavan, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, David Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Jawad Fares, Andre Faro, Umar Farooque, Valery L Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Howard Fillit, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Lucia Galluzzo, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Alessandro Gialluisi, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glăvan, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Brian J Hall, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, M Tasdik Hasan, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Rizwan Kalani, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gizat M Kassie, Pedram Keshavarz, Moien A B Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Walter J Koroshetz, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Ahmad Azam Malik, João Massano, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ritesh G Menezes, Atte Meretoja, Bahram Mohajer, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Carrie B Peterson, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Constance Dimity Pond, Michele H Potashman, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sergio I Prada, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Priyanga Ranasinghe, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Brijesh Sathian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Masood Ali Shaikh, K S Shaji, Mohammed Shannawaz, Jeevan K Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Sergey Soshnikov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Dan J Stein, Jing Sun, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Bhaskar Thakur, Binod Timalsina, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Anders Wimo, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, Theo Vos, Nichols, E, D Steinmetz, J, Emil Vollset, S, Fukutaki, K, Chalek, J, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Tayyaba Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Mashhour Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Almustanyir, S, Amu, H, Ansari, I, Arabloo, J, Ashraf, T, Astell-Burt, T, Ayano, G, L Ayuso-Mateos, J, Amin Baig, A, Barnett, A, Barrow, A, T Baune, B, Béjot, Y, M Mequanint Bezabhe, W, Mequanint Bezabih, Y, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biswas, A, Rao Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Alberto Cámera, L, Cao, C, Carvalho, F, S Castro-de-Araujo, L, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, P Chavan, P, Cherbuin, N, Chu, D, Marisa Costa, V, S Couto, R, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, Dhamnetiya, D, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Douiri, A, Edvardsson, D, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, I El-Jaafary, S, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fares, J, Faro, A, Farooque, U, L Feigin, V, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fillit, H, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Galluzzo, L, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gialluisi, A, Amir Gilani, S, Glăvan, I, V Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gupta, R, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Rifat Haider, M, J Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, J Hankey, G, Haque, S, Kusuma Hartono, R, I Hasaballah, A, Tasdik Hasan, M, Hassan, A, I Hay, S, Hayat, K, I Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Sina Naghibi Irvani, S, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Kumar Jayapal, S, Jayawardena, R, Prakash Jha, R, B Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Kalani, R, Kandel, A, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Semachew Kasa, A, M Kassie, G, Keshavarz, P, B Khan, M, Nazli Khatib, M, Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, T, Khubchandani, J, Seo Kim, M, Jin Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, J Koroshetz, W, Koyanagi, A, Anil Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Mehmood Lak, H, Leonardi, M, Li, B, S Lim, S, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Logroscino, G, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Lutzky Saute, R, Giulia Magnani, F, Azam Malik, A, Massano, J, Mohan Mehndiratta, M, G Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mohajer, B, Mohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, A, H Mokdad, A, Mondello, S, Ali Moni, M, Moniruzzaman, M, Belete Mossie, T, Nagel, G, Naveed, M, C Nayak, V, Neupane Kandel, S, Huyen Nguyen, T, Oancea, B, Otstavnov, N, S Otstavnov, S, O Owolabi, M, Panda-Jonas, S, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Pasovic, M, K Patel, U, Pathak, M, P Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, B Peterson, C, R Phillips, M, Pinheiro, M, A Piradov, M, Dimity Pond, C, H Potashman, M, Hyder Pottoo, F, I Prada, S, Radfar, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Ram, P, Ranasinghe, P, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, R Robinson, S, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Ali Sahraian, M, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Ali Shaikh, M, S Shaji, K, Shannawaz, M, K Shetty, J, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Augusto Santos Silva, D, Pedro Silva, J, Silva, R, A Singh, J, Yurievich Skryabin, V, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, E Smith, A, Soshnikov, S, Elizabeth Spurlock, E, J Stein, D, Sun, J, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Thakur, B, Timalsina, B, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Xuan Tran, B, Wudie Tsegaye, G, Valadan Tahbaz, S, R Valdez, P, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Thu Vu, G, Gia Vu, L, Wang, Y, Wimo, A, Sylvia Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zadey, S, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, L Murray, C, Vos, T, Emma Nichols, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Hubert Amu, Iman Ansari, Jalal Arabloo, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Getinet Ayano, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Atif Amin Baig, Anthony Barnett, Amadou Barrow, Bernhard T Baune, Yannick Béjot, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Prachi P Chavan, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, David Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Jawad Fares, Andre Faro, Umar Farooque, Valery L Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Howard Fillit, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Lucia Galluzzo, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Alessandro Gialluisi, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glăvan, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Brian J Hall, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, M Tasdik Hasan, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Rizwan Kalani, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gizat M Kassie, Pedram Keshavarz, Moien A B Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Walter J Koroshetz, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Ahmad Azam Malik, João Massano, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ritesh G Menezes, Atte Meretoja, Bahram Mohajer, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Carrie B Peterson, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Constance Dimity Pond, Michele H Potashman, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sergio I Prada, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Priyanga Ranasinghe, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Brijesh Sathian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Masood Ali Shaikh, K S Shaji, Mohammed Shannawaz, Jeevan K Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Sergey Soshnikov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Dan J Stein, Jing Sun, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Bhaskar Thakur, Binod Timalsina, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Anders Wimo, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, and Theo Vos
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. METHODS: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. FINDINGS: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4-65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8-175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [-7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64-1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52-1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected inc
Published: 2022

6. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Emma Nichols, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Hubert Amu, Iman Ansari, Jalal Arabloo, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Getinet Ayano, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Atif Amin Baig, Anthony Barnett, Amadou Barrow, Bernhard T Baune, Yannick Béjot, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Prachi P Chavan, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, David Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Jawad Fares, Andre Faro, Umar Farooque, Valery L Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Howard Fillit, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Lucia Galluzzo, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Alessandro Gialluisi, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Brian J Hall, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, M Tasdik Hasan, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Rizwan Kalani, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gizat M Kassie, Pedram Keshavarz, Moien AB Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Walter J Koroshetz, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Ahmad Azam Malik, João Massano, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ritesh G Menezes, Atte Meretoja, Bahram Mohajer, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Carrie B Peterson, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Constance Dimity Pond, Michele H Potashman, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sergio I Prada, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Priyanga Ranasinghe, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Brijesh Sathian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Masood Ali Shaikh, KS Shaji, Mohammed Shannawaz, Jeevan K Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Sergey Soshnikov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Dan J Stein, Jing Sun, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Bhaskar Thakur, Binod Timalsina, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Anders Wimo, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, Theo Vos, Nichols, E., Steinmetz, J. D., Vollset, S. E., Fukutaki, K., Chalek, J., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Akram, T. T., Al Hamad, H., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alipour, V., Almustanyir, S., Amu, H., Ansari, I., Arabloo, J., Ashraf, T., Astell-Burt, T., Ayano, G., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Baig, A. A., Barnett, A., Barrow, A., Baune, B. T., Bejot, Y., Bezabhe, W. M. M., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhaskar, S., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Biswas, A., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Brayne, C., Brenner, H., Burkart, K., Burns, R. A., Camera, L. A., Cao, C., Carvalho, F., Castro-de-Araujo, L. F. S., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chavan, P. P., Cherbuin, N., Chu, D. -T., Costa, V. M., Couto, R. A. S., Dadras, O., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., De la Cruz-Gongora, V., Dhamnetiya, D., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Douiri, A., Edvardsson, D., Ekholuenetale, M., El Sayed, I., El-Jaafary, S. I., Eskandari, K., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Fares, J., Faro, A., Farooque, U., Feigin, V. L., Feng, X., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fillit, H., Fischer, F., Gaidhane, S., Galluzzo, L., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Gialluisi, A., Gilani, S. A., Glavan, I. -R., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Golechha, M., Gupta, R., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, V. K., Haider, M. R., Hall, B. J., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haque, S., Hartono, R. K., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. T., Hassan, A., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Hegazy, M. I., Heidari, G., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Herteliu, C., Househ, M., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Iacoviello, L., Iavicoli, I., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Jabbarinejad, R., Jacob, L., Jain, V., Jayapal, S. K., Jayawardena, R., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Joseph, N., Kalani, R., Kandel, A., Kandel, H., Karch, A., Kasa, A. S., Kassie, G. M., Keshavarz, P., Khan, M. A., Khatib, M. N., Khoja, T. A. M., Khubchandani, J., Kim, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Koroshetz, W. J., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Lak, H. M., Leonardi, M., Li, B., Lim, S. S., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Logroscino, G., Lorkowski, S., Lucchetti, G., Lutzky Saute, R., Magnani, F. G., Malik, A. A., Massano, J., Mehndiratta, M. M., Menezes, R. G., Meretoja, A., Mohajer, B., Mohamed Ibrahim, N., Mohammad, Y., Mohammed, A., Mokdad, A. H., Mondello, S., Moni, M. A. A., Moniruzzaman, M., Mossie, T. B., Nagel, G., Naveed, M., Nayak, V. C., Neupane Kandel, S., Nguyen, T. H., Oancea, B., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Panda-Jonas, S., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Pasovic, M., Patel, U. K., Pathak, M., Peres, M. F. P., Perianayagam, A., Peterson, C. B., Phillips, M. R., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M. A., Pond, C. D., Potashman, M. H., Pottoo, F. H., Prada, S. I., Radfar, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, M., Ram, P., Ranasinghe, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Robinson, S. R., Romoli, M., Roshandel, G., Sahathevan, R., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sathian, B., Sattin, D., Sawhney, M., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Seylani, A., Sha, F., Shaikh, M. A., Shaji, K. S., Shannawaz, M., Shetty, J. K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Silva, R., Singh, J. A., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Smith, A. E., Soshnikov, S., Spurlock, E. E., Stein, D. J., Sun, J., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Thakur, B., Timalsina, B., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Tsegaye, G. W., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Venketasubramanian, N., Vlassov, V., Vu, G. T., Vu, L. G., Wang, Y. -P., Wimo, A., Winkler, A. S., Yadav, L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yamagishi, K., Yang, L., Yano, Y., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yunusa, I., Zadey, S., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z. -J., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T., Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, University of Porto (Portugal), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), King College London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR - Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (Reino Unido), Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Jazan University (Arabia Saudí), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Xiamen University Malaysia (Malasia), Wellcome Trust, Fogarty International Center (Estados Unidos), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Ministero della Salute (Italia), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Nichols, E, D Steinmetz, J, Emil Vollset, S, Fukutaki, K, Chalek, J, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Tayyaba Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Mashhour Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Almustanyir, S, Amu, H, Ansari, I, Arabloo, J, Ashraf, T, Astell-Burt, T, Ayano, G, L Ayuso-Mateos, J, Amin Baig, A, Barnett, A, Barrow, A, T Baune, B, Béjot, Y, M Mequanint Bezabhe, W, Mequanint Bezabih, Y, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biswas, A, Rao Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Alberto Cámera, L, Cao, C, Carvalho, F, S Castro-de-Araujo, L, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, P Chavan, P, Cherbuin, N, Chu, D, Marisa Costa, V, S Couto, R, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, Dhamnetiya, D, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Douiri, A, Edvardsson, D, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, I El-Jaafary, S, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fares, J, Faro, A, Farooque, U, L Feigin, V, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fillit, H, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Galluzzo, L, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gialluisi, A, Amir Gilani, S, Glăvan, I, V Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Gupta, R, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Rifat Haider, M, J Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, J Hankey, G, Haque, S, Kusuma Hartono, R, I Hasaballah, A, Tasdik Hasan, M, Hassan, A, I Hay, S, Hayat, K, I Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Sina Naghibi Irvani, S, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Kumar Jayapal, S, Jayawardena, R, Prakash Jha, R, B Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Kalani, R, Kandel, A, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Semachew Kasa, A, M Kassie, G, Keshavarz, P, B Khan, M, Nazli Khatib, M, Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, T, Khubchandani, J, Seo Kim, M, Jin Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, J Koroshetz, W, Koyanagi, A, Anil Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Mehmood Lak, H, Leonardi, M, Li, B, S Lim, S, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Logroscino, G, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Lutzky Saute, R, Giulia Magnani, F, Azam Malik, A, Massano, J, Mohan Mehndiratta, M, G Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mohajer, B, Mohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, A, H Mokdad, A, Mondello, S, Ali Moni, M, Moniruzzaman, M, Belete Mossie, T, Nagel, G, Naveed, M, C Nayak, V, Neupane Kandel, S, Huyen Nguyen, T, Oancea, B, Otstavnov, N, S Otstavnov, S, O Owolabi, M, Panda-Jonas, S, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Pasovic, M, K Patel, U, Pathak, M, P Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, B Peterson, C, R Phillips, M, Pinheiro, M, A Piradov, M, Dimity Pond, C, H Potashman, M, Hyder Pottoo, F, I Prada, S, Radfar, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Ram, P, Ranasinghe, P, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, R Robinson, S, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Ali Sahraian, M, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Ali Shaikh, M, S Shaji, K, Shannawaz, M, K Shetty, J, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Augusto Santos Silva, D, Pedro Silva, J, Silva, R, A Singh, J, Yurievich Skryabin, V, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, E Smith, A, Soshnikov, S, Elizabeth Spurlock, E, J Stein, D, Sun, J, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Thakur, B, Timalsina, B, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Xuan Tran, B, Wudie Tsegaye, G, Valadan Tahbaz, S, R Valdez, P, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Thu Vu, G, Gia Vu, L, Wang, Y, Wimo, A, Sylvia Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zadey, S, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z, L Murray, C, and Vos, T
Subjects: Blood Glucose, EUROPE, Sociodemographic Factors, Prevalence forecasts, Population Dynamics, UNITED-STATES, DIAGNOSIS, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, METAANALYSIS, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, RISK, Population ageing, Public health, Population Dynamic, Sociodemographic Factor, Science & Technology, Risk Factor, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dementia forecasts, Educational Statu, TRENDS, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, INSIGHTS, Educational Status, Dementia, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, MIXED BRAIN PATHOLOGIES, MIDLIFE, Human
Abstract: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. Methods: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4-65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8-175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [-7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64-1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52-1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41-67]) and western Europe (74% [58-90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367% [329-403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323-395]). Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied by world region, with population growth contributing most to the increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation: Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia. F Carvalho and E F Fernandes acknowledge support from the University of Porto (UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds). L F S Castro-de-Araujo acknowledges support from the Medical Research Council (London; grant number MC_PC_MR/T03355X/1). V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória (DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006). A Douiri acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) South London at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal College of Physicians, as well as the support from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. N Ghith acknowledges her salary as a postdoc is covered by a grant to her research group provided by Novo Nordisk Foundation. V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. S Haque acknowledges support from Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, for providing access to the Saudi Digital Library for this study. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation (CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University, Malaysia (No. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). M Kivimäki was supported by the MRC (S011676) and the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z). M Kumar acknowledges support from Fogarty International Center (K43 TW010716-04). S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grant agreement number 01EA1808A). S Mondello was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (GR-2013-02354960). A Raggi acknowledges support from a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Linea – Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). D A S Silva acknowledges support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES; Finance Code 001 / CAPES-PRINT). J P Silva acknowledges support from the Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO; grant number UIDB/04378/2020), supported through Portuguese national funds via FCT/MCTES. Sí
Published: 2021
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7. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) sensing based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers on silver nanoparticles and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Author: Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Wallans T. P. dos Santos, Camila Alves de Lima, M. Beatriz Quinaz, Rosa A. S. Couto, Félix Carvalho, Bassim Mounssef, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Sara Figueirêdo de Alcântara Morais, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, and Constantino Coelho
Subjects: Materials science, QUÍMICA FORÊNSICA, modified electrodes, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, ‘bath salts’, 01 natural sciences, Article, new psychoactive substances (NPS), o-phenylenediamine, Silver nanoparticle, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, analytical chemistry, electroanalysis, forensic chemistry, General Materials Science, biomimetics, Voltammetry, Detection limit, 010401 analytical chemistry, Molecularly imprinted polymer, electropolymerization, drug analysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, Monomer, lcsh:QD1-999, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Cyclic voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a harmful and controlled synthetic cathinone used as a psychostimulant drug and as sport-enhancing substance. A sensor was developed for the direct analysis of MDPV by transducing its oxidation signal by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (e-MIP) built in-situ on the screen-printed carbon electrode’s (SPCE) surface previously covered with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Benzene-1,2-diamine was used as the functional monomer while the analyte was used as the template monomer. Each step of the sensor’s development was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a solution containing ferricyanide, however no redox probe was required for the actual MDPV measurements. The interaction between the poly(o-phenylenediamine) imprinted polymer and MDPV was studied by density-functional theory (DFT) methods. The SPCE-MWCNT-AgNP-MIP sensor responded adequately to the variation of MDPV concentration. It was shown that AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical signal by around a 3-fold factor. Making use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) the developed sensor provided a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μmol L–1. The analytical performance of the proposed sensor paves the way to the development of a portable device for MDPV on-site sensing to be applied in forensic and doping analysis.
Published: 2021

8. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Mohsen Naghavi, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Irena Ilic, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Hubert Amu, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Yanzhong Wang, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Mahesh P A, Afshin Maleki, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Akila Prashant, Jessica Y Islam, Ali H. Mokdad, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Roman Shrestha, Muhammad Naveed, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Santi Martini, Reza Rawassizadeh, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Tudorel Andrei, Jason A. Anderson, Martin McKee, Iffat Elbarazi, Golnaz Heidari, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Soewarta Kosen, Davood Anvari, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Farhad Islami, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Maciej Banach, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Ismaeel Yunusa, Suresh Mehata, Tarun Gupta, Mavra A Riaz, Derrick A Bennett, Nithin Kumar, Ali Soroush, Kurt Straif, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Avirup Guha, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Muhammed Shahriar Zaman, Arief Hargono, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Adam E. Berman, Giulia Carreras, Ali Bijani, Christoph Nowak, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Kamal Hezam, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Rahman Shiri, Ashok Pandey, Ramesh Holla, Gyu Ri Kim, Aidin Abedi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Andem Effiong, Samad Azari, Bhaskar Thakur, Mohsen Mazidi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Prashant Mathur, Bay Vo, Robert Ancuceanu, Eun-Kee Park, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Thomas Hsiao, Richard G Pestell, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Doo Woong Lee, Bayew Kelkay, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Hualiang Lin, Mohsen Bayati, Florian Fischer, Wei Liu, Stefan Stortecky, Javad Nazari, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Nitish Naik, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Rajat Gupta, Rakhi Dandona, Hermann Brenner, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Yuichiro Yano, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Samath D Dharmaratne, Constantine I. Vardavas, Gabriela Fernanda Gil, Azeem Majeed, Akram Pourshams, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Juan Sanabria, Iván Landires, Parkes J Kendrick, Dinh-Toi Chu, Asma Tahir Awan, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Siddharudha Shivalli, Omid Shafaat, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Manu Raj Mathur, Rachel L Updike, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Ryan David Kennedy, Alessandra Lugo, Olalekan A. Uthman, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Jiregna Darega Gela, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Bedanta Roy, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Jalal Arabloo, Milena Ilic, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yo Han Lee, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Moni, Valery L. Feigin, Himal Kandel, Lalit Dandona, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Jasvinder A. Singh, Till Bärnighausen, Neeraj Bhala, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Borhan Mansouri, Narayana Manjunatha, Giuseppe Gorini, Saif Ullah, Sheikh M. Alif, Giang Thu Vu, Ai Koyanagi, Mahaveer Golechha, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Sumaira Mubarik, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Bach Xuan Tran, Sorin Hostiuc, Catherine P. Benziger, Ritesh G. Menezes, Leonardo Roever, Xiaochen Dai, Meghnath Dhimal, Medhat Farwati, Chenwen Zhong, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, G Anil Kumar, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Simiao Chen, Zubair Kabir, Meseret Derbew Molla, Tilahun Ali, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Monika Sawhney, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Vin Gupta, Mona Pathak, Lorenzo Monasta, Andrew T Olagunju, Nermin Ghith, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Virendra Singh, Takahiro Tabuchi, Gholamreza Roshandel, Andre R. Brunoni, Hayley D. Tymeson, Madhur Verma, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Adrian Pana, Isabela M. Benseñor, Abdullah Al Mamun, Jianrong Zhang, Hai Quang Pham, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sung-In Jang, Vinay Nangia, Luca Ronfani, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Dhirendra N Sinha, Josip Car, Sohail Ahmad, Rekha Thapar, Salman Rawaf, Joanna L Whisnant, Sanjay Basu, Abdallah M. Samy, Michal Grivna, Zahid A Butt, Abera Getachew Obsa, Mahdi Nalini, Ted R. Miller, Sanjeev Misra, Utsav Parekh, Budi Aji, Saeed Amini, João Pedro Silva, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Baye Dagnew, Yousef Khader, Atif Amin Baig, Habib Benzian, Keivan Ahmadi, Marco Vacante, Brijesh Sathian, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Savita Lasrado, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Darshan B B, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Yonas Akalu, Irmina Maria Michalek, Simone Vidale, Getie Lake Aynalem, Rosa A. S. Couto, Yigizie Yeshaw, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Pradhum Ram, Shrikant Pawar, Kevin Welding, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Om P Kurmi, Nataliya Foigt, André Karch, Marina Pinheiro, Basema Saddik, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Chuanhua Yu, Graeme J. Hankey, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Ramaiah Itumalla, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Vera Marisa Costa, Shanshan Li, Ambrish Singh, Yuming Guo, Reza Malekzadeh, Nikha Bhardwaj, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Maryam Zamanian, Onyema greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Ibtihal Fadhil, Sabina O Nduaguba, Turki Alanzi, Eun-Cheol Park, Nicholas Arian, Salah Eddin Karimi, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Minale Tareke, Paramjit Gill, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Haroon Ahmed, Irina Filip, Juwel Rana, Aziz Rezapour, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Ashish Badiye, Kewal Krishan, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Masood Ali Shaikh, Tanuj Kanchan, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Thomas R. Hird, Yousef Mohammad, Soraya Siabani, Falk Schwendicke, Ziyad Al-Aly, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Zabihollah Yousefi, Neeti Kapoor, Syed Mahboob Shah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Mika Shigematsu, Ben Lacey, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Amir Radfar, Lemma Getacher, Sameer Vali Gopalani, David Laith Rawaf, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Salime Goharinezhad, Ambuj Roy, Ruth W Kimokoti, Nuworza Kugbey, Getinet Ayano, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Benny Antony, Katrin Burkart, Christopher J L Murray, Khalid F. AlHabib, Mariam Molokhia, Mansour Ghafourifard, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Shailesh Advani, Kiomars Sharafi, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, E S Abhilash, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Sana Salehi, Dan J. Stein, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Kawkab Shishani, Dejana Braithwaite, Jung-Chen Chang, Rajeev Gupta, Giovanni Damiani, Maha El Tantawi, Maria Sofia Sofia Cattaruzza, Amir Abdoli, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Rakibul M Islam, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi, Victor Aboyans, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Silvano Gallus, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Vardhmaan Jain, Masoud Foroutan, Janni Leung, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mohammed Zewdu Yimmer, Vahid Alipour, Wondwossen Niguse Asmare, Ravi Prakash Jha, Gerhard Sulo, Brigid Unim, Sheng-Chia Chung, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Hamed Mirzaei, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, In-Hwan Oh, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Oladimeji Adebayo, Farshad Farzadfar, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Shafiu Mohammed, Johan Sundström, Ali Kabir, Paolo Lauriola, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Erin C Mullany, Keyvan Pakshir, Srikanta Banerjee, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed M. Gad, Leila R Kalankesh, Mikk Jürisson, Ismail Tareque, Albertino Damasceno, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Andrea Werdecker, Shane D. Morrison, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Marcel Ausloos, Monika Arora, Marissa B Reitsma, Filippos Filippidis, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Antonio Biondi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Junjie Huang, Mohammad Mahdi Zamani, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Shubha Jayaram, Hiroyasu Iso, Charles Ugochukwu Ibeneme, Molly R Nixon, Rachel Feldman, Liliana G Ciobanu, Kristina Edvardsson, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, Kindie Mitiku Kebede, Department of Public Health, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Chewing Tobacco, and Lacey, B
Subjects: Male, Health Status, Smoking Prevention, DETERMINANTS, Global Health, 01 natural sciences, Global Burden of Disease, SMOKELESS TOBACCO, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Global health, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, 610 Medicine & health, RISK, High prevalence, WOMEN, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, Middle Aged, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Chewing tobacco, Smokeless tobacco, Population Surveillance, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Burden of disease, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tobacco, Smokeless, Adolescent, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, VALIDATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Age Distribution, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, 0101 mathematics, Sex Distribution, Chewing tobacco, Prevalence, Global Burden, Smokeless tobacco, business.industry, Public health, Smoking Tobacco, 010102 general mathematics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Global Burden, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, STATES, Socioeconomic Factors, Smoking Cessation, business
Abstract: Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Findings In 2019, 273 center dot 9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 center dot 5 to 290 center dot 9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 center dot 72% (4 center dot 46 to 5 center dot 01). 228 center dot 2 million (213 center dot 6 to 244 center dot 7; 83 center dot 29% [82 center dot 15 to 84 center dot 42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global agestandardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 center dot 21% [-1 center dot 26 to -1 center dot 16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 center dot 46% [0 center dot 13 to 0 center dot 79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 center dot 94% [-1 center dot 72 to -0 center dot 14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Summary Background Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings In 2019, 273 & middot;9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258 & middot;5 to 290 & middot;9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4 & middot;72% (4 & middot;46 to 5 & middot;01). 228 & middot;2 million (213 & middot;6 to 244 & middot;7; 83 & middot;29% [82 & middot;15 to 84 & middot;42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15-19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: -1 & middot;21% [-1 & middot;26 to -1 & middot;16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0 & middot;46% [0 & middot;13 to 0 & middot;79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (-0 & middot;94% [-1 & middot;72 to -0 & middot;14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00065-7
Published: 2021
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9. The Burden of Dementia due to down Syndrome, Parkinson's Disease, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Nichols, E, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, D Adelson, J, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Mashhour Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Arabloo, J, Ayano, G, Amin Baig, A, Banach, M, A Barboza, M, Lyn Barker-Collo, S, T Baune, B, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Biswas, A, Rao Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Alberto Cámera, L, Carvalho, F, S Castro-de-Araujo, L, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Cherbuin, N, Jasmine Choi, J, Chu, D, S Couto, R, Dagnew, B, Kim Dang, A, Diaz, D, Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Djalalinia, S, Narh Doku, P, I El-Jaafary, S, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, L Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gialluisi, A, V Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Rifat Haider, M, Hamidi, S, J Hankey, G, Hassan, A, I Hay, S, I Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Househ, M, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Sina Naghibi Irvani, S, Mofizul Islam, M, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Prakash Jha, R, B Jonas, J, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Kalani, R, Karch, A, Semachew Kasa, A, Nazli Khatib, M, Jin Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, A Kukull, W, Kumar, M, Landires, I, E LeGrand, K, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Liu, X, Logroscino, G, Lorkowski, S, Amin, H, Madhava Kunjathur, S, Manjunatha, N, Geta Meharie, B, Mohan Mehndiratta, M, Mekonnen Metekiya, W, Mohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, S, Mohapatra, A, H Mokdad, A, Mondello, S, Moradi, G, Belete Mossie, T, Nagel, G, David Naimzada, M, Muhammad Naveed, D, C Nayak, V, Tat Nguyen, C, Lan Thi Nguyen, H, Hoang Nguyen, S, Nunez-Samudio, V, T Olagunju, A, M Ostojic, S, M Ostroff, S, Otstavnov, N, S Otstavnov, S, O Owolabi, M, Panda-Jonas, S, K Patel, U, Pathak, M, Pazoki Toroudi, H, B Peterson, C, Quang Pham, H, Pinheiro, M, A Piradov, M, Hyder Pottoo, F, Pourshams, A, I Prada, S, Ria Angga Pribadi, D, Radfar, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Ram, P, Rana, J, Rashedi, V, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, R Robinson, S, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, S Sachdev, P, Sahebkar, A, Ali Sahraian, M, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Sha, F, Shahid, I, Ali Shaikh, M, H Shaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Jamal Siddiqi, T, Pedro Silva, J, A Singh, J, Singhal, D, Soheili, A, I Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Wogayehu Taddele, B, Thakur, B, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Xuan Tran, B, S Travillian, R, Wudie Tsegaye, G, Shariq Usman, M, Vacante, M, R Valdez, P, Zuleika Velazquez, D, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Thu Vu, G, Wang, Y, Hailay Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Wu, C, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Gizachew Yeshitila, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zhang, Z, L Murray, C, Theo Vos, A, Emma Nichols, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Jaimie D Adelson, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Jalal Arabloo, Getinet Ayano, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Miguel A Barboza, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Bernhard T Baune, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Luis Alberto Cámera, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ester Cerin, Achille Cernigliaro, Nicolas Cherbuin, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Dinh-Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Baye Dagnew, Anh Kim Dang, Daniel Diaz, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Shirin Djalalinia, Paul Narh Doku, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Alessandro Gialluisi, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Samer Hamidi, Graeme J Hankey, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Mowafa Househ, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, M Mofizul Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Rizwan Kalani, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Walter A Kukull, Manasi Kumar, Iván Landires, Kate E LeGrand, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Xuefeng Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Narayana Manjunatha, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Salahuddin Mohammed, Archisman Mohapatra, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Ghobad Moradi, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Dr Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Virginia Nunez-Samudio, Andrew T Olagunju, Sergej M Ostojic, Samuel M Ostroff, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Carrie B Peterson, Hai Quang Pham, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Vahid Rashedi, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nickolas Reinig, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Perminder S Sachdev, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Feng Sha, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, David H Shaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, João Pedro Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Deepika Singhal, Amin Soheili, Cassandra E I Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Bhaskar Thakur, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Ravensara S Travillian, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Marco Vacante, Pascual R Valdez, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Abrha Hailay Weldemariam, Ronny Westerman, Chenkai Wu, Ali Yadollahpour, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yuichiro Yano, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, and Theo Vos, Nichols, E, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, D Adelson, J, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Mashhour Alanezi, F, Alipour, V, Arabloo, J, Ayano, G, Amin Baig, A, Banach, M, A Barboza, M, Lyn Barker-Collo, S, T Baune, B, Srikanth Bhagavathula, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Biswas, A, Rao Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brayne, C, Brenner, H, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Alberto Cámera, L, Carvalho, F, S Castro-de-Araujo, L, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Cherbuin, N, Jasmine Choi, J, Chu, D, S Couto, R, Dagnew, B, Kim Dang, A, Diaz, D, Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Z, Djalalinia, S, Narh Doku, P, I El-Jaafary, S, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, L Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gaidhane, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gialluisi, A, V Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Rifat Haider, M, Hamidi, S, J Hankey, G, Hassan, A, I Hay, S, I Hegazy, M, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Househ, M, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Sina Naghibi Irvani, S, Mofizul Islam, M, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Prakash Jha, R, B Jonas, J, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Kalani, R, Karch, A, Semachew Kasa, A, Nazli Khatib, M, Jin Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, A Kukull, W, Kumar, M, Landires, I, E LeGrand, K, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Liu, X, Logroscino, G, Lorkowski, S, Amin, H, Madhava Kunjathur, S, Manjunatha, N, Geta Meharie, B, Mohan Mehndiratta, M, Mekonnen Metekiya, W, Mohamed Ibrahim, N, Mohammad, Y, Mohammed, S, Mohapatra, A, H Mokdad, A, Mondello, S, Moradi, G, Belete Mossie, T, Nagel, G, David Naimzada, M, Muhammad Naveed, D, C Nayak, V, Tat Nguyen, C, Lan Thi Nguyen, H, Hoang Nguyen, S, Nunez-Samudio, V, T Olagunju, A, M Ostojic, S, M Ostroff, S, Otstavnov, N, S Otstavnov, S, O Owolabi, M, Panda-Jonas, S, K Patel, U, Pathak, M, Pazoki Toroudi, H, B Peterson, C, Quang Pham, H, Pinheiro, M, A Piradov, M, Hyder Pottoo, F, Pourshams, A, I Prada, S, Ria Angga Pribadi, D, Radfar, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Ram, P, Rana, J, Rashedi, V, Laith Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reinig, N, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, R Robinson, S, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, S Sachdev, P, Sahebkar, A, Ali Sahraian, M, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schiavolin, S, Sha, F, Shahid, I, Ali Shaikh, M, H Shaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Shiri, R, Jamal Siddiqi, T, Pedro Silva, J, A Singh, J, Singhal, D, Soheili, A, I Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Wogayehu Taddele, B, Thakur, B, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Xuan Tran, B, S Travillian, R, Wudie Tsegaye, G, Shariq Usman, M, Vacante, M, R Valdez, P, Zuleika Velazquez, D, Venketasubramanian, N, Vlassov, V, Thu Vu, G, Wang, Y, Hailay Weldemariam, A, Westerman, R, Wu, C, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Gizachew Yeshitila, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zhang, Z, L Murray, C, Theo Vos, A, Emma Nichols, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Jaimie D Adelson, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Jalal Arabloo, Getinet Ayano, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Miguel A Barboza, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Bernhard T Baune, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Luis Alberto Cámera, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ester Cerin, Achille Cernigliaro, Nicolas Cherbuin, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Dinh-Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Baye Dagnew, Anh Kim Dang, Daniel Diaz, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Shirin Djalalinia, Paul Narh Doku, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Alessandro Gialluisi, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Samer Hamidi, Graeme J Hankey, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Mowafa Househ, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, M Mofizul Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Rizwan Kalani, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Walter A Kukull, Manasi Kumar, Iván Landires, Kate E LeGrand, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Xuefeng Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Narayana Manjunatha, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Salahuddin Mohammed, Archisman Mohapatra, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Ghobad Moradi, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Dr Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Virginia Nunez-Samudio, Andrew T Olagunju, Sergej M Ostojic, Samuel M Ostroff, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Carrie B Peterson, Hai Quang Pham, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Akram Pourshams, Sergio I Prada, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Pradhum Ram, Juwel Rana, Vahid Rashedi, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nickolas Reinig, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Perminder S Sachdev, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Feng Sha, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, David H Shaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, João Pedro Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Deepika Singhal, Amin Soheili, Cassandra E I Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Bhaskar Thakur, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Ravensara S Travillian, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Marco Vacante, Pascual R Valdez, Diana Zuleika Velazquez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Abrha Hailay Weldemariam, Ronny Westerman, Chenkai Wu, Ali Yadollahpour, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yuichiro Yano, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, and and Theo Vos
Abstract: Background: In light of the increasing trend in the global number of individuals affected by dementia and the lack of any available disease-modifying therapies, it is necessary to fully understand and quantify the global burden of dementia. This work aimed to estimate the proportion of dementia due to Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, clinical stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), globally and by world region, in order to better understand the contribution of clinical diseases to dementia prevalence. Methods: Through literature review, we obtained data on the relative risk of dementia with each condition and estimated relative risks by age using a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We then calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs), or the proportion of dementia attributable to each condition, using the estimates of relative risk and prevalence estimates for each condition from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Finally, we multiplied these estimates by dementia prevalence to calculate the number of dementia cases attributable to each condition. Findings: For each clinical condition, the relative risk of dementia decreased with age. Relative risks were highest for Down syndrome, followed by Parkinson's disease, stroke, and TBI. However, due to the high prevalence of stroke, the PAF for dementia due to stroke was highest. Together, Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and TBI explained 10.0% (95% UI: 6.0-16.5) of the global prevalence of dementia. Interpretation: Ten percent of dementia prevalence globally could be explained by Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and TBI. The quantification of the proportion of dementia attributable to these 4 conditions constitutes a small contribution to our overall understanding of what causes dementia. However, epidemiological research into modifiable risk factors as well as basic science research focused on elucidating intervention approaches to prevent or delay the neuropathological changes that
Published: 2021

10. A medical algorithm for Cotard delusion based on more than 300 literature cases

Author: Rosa A. S. Couto and Luís Moreira Gonçalves
Subjects: Psychosis, Clinical psychiatry, Medical algorithm, medicine.medical_specialty, Delusional disorder, Cotard syndrome, Nihilistic delusions, medicine.disease, Cotard delusion, Delusions, 030227 psychiatry, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Psychiatry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract: Cotard delusion (CD) is a rare psychiatric disorder in which the patient believes to be dead,To do so, an extensive literature research was performed using several bibliographic databases. Since data on this topic is scarce, references in every article were cross-checked, aiming to obtain all available peer-reviewed works on CD.Research resulted in 328 cases. Several treatment modalities were reported to improve the symptoms of CD, from pharmacotherapy - mainly consisting of antipsychotics and antidepressants - to electroconvulsive therapy.Despite its challenging diagnosis, the delusion can be treated with readily available care. Hopefully, this work can be a useful tool to doctors when encountering this odd affliction.
Published: 2020

11. SAM-Based Immunosensor for the Analysis of Thyroxine (T4)

Author: Márcio Sousa Góes, Rosa A. S. Couto, M. Beatriz Quinaz, José A. Rodrigues, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, and Luís Moreira Gonçalves
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2017
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12. Electrochemical sensing of ecstasy with electropolymerized molecularly imprinted poly(o-phenylenediamine) polymer on the surface of disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes

Author: Félix Carvalho, M. Beatriz Quinaz, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Bassim Mounssef, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, João G. Pacheco, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Eduarda Fernandes, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, Rosa A. S. Couto, Séfora S. Costa, and Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto
Subjects: Analyte, Materials science, Non-labelled sensing of recreational drugs, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Voltammetry, Modified working electrode, Detection limit, ELETROANÁLISE, Electroanalysis, Amphetamines, Metals and Alloys, Molecularly imprinted polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrochemical gas sensor, Dielectric spectroscopy, Linear range, Computational modelling, Cyclic voltammetry, Molecular recognition, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: This study demonstrates the ability of an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to selectively quantify 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as ecstasy, in biological samples. The device was constructed using ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as the MIP’s building monomer at the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The step-by-step construction of the SPCE-MIP sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and modelling were performed not only to understand template-monomer interaction but also to comprehend which possible polymer structure - linear or ramified poly(o-PD) – indeed interacts with the analyte. The prepared sensor worked by directly measuring the MDMA oxidation signal through square-wave voltammetry (SWV) after an incubation period of 10 min. Several parameters were optimized, such as the monomer/template ratio, the number of electropolymerization scanning cycles, and the incubation period, to obtain the best sensing efficiency. Optimized sensors exhibited suitable selectivity, repeatability (2.6%), reproducibility (7.7%) and up to one month of stable response. A linear range up to 0.2 mmol L−1 was found with an r2 of 0.9990 and a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.79 and 2.6 μmol L−1 (0.15 and 0.51 μg mL−1), respectively. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to human blood serum and urine samples, showing its potential for application in medicine and in forensic sciences., This work received financial support from FCT/MCTES through national funds and was co-financed by FEDER, under Partnership Agreement PT2020-UID/QUI/50006/2013-POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265. RASC wishes to acknowledge FCT for her PhD fellowship (PD/BD/127797/2016) from the PhD Programme in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Innovation (i3DU). AACB (grants 2014/25770-6 and 2015/01491-3) and LMG (grant 2018/14425-7) thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support. AACB (grant 309715/2017-2) also thanks the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) for financial support and fellowships. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
Published: 2019

13. Versatile Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Bacteria

Author: Christoph C. Tang, Richard G. Compton, Hayley Lavender, Rosa A. S. Couto, Rhiannon M. Evans, and Sabine Kuss
Subjects: Nanotechnology, Cell Count, Biosensing Techniques, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Electron Transport Complex IV, Tetramethylphenylenediamine, Limit of Detection, Escherichia coli, Electrodes, biology, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Electrochemical Techniques, Cells, Immobilized, biology.organism_classification, Avidin, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Gold, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Antibodies, Immobilized, Oxidation-Reduction, Bacteria
Abstract: Bacterial infections present one of the leading causes for mortality worldwide, resulting in an urgent need for sensitive, selective, cost efficient and easy to handle technologies to rapidly detect contamination and infections with pathogens. The presented research reports a fully functional chemical detection principle, addressing all of the above mentioned requirements for a successful biosensing device. At the examples of Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we present an electrochemical biosensor, based on the bacterial expression of cytochrome c oxidase, for the selective detection of clinically relevant concentrations within seconds after pathogen immobilization. The generality of the biochemical re-action, as well as the easy substitution of target specific antibodies make this concept applicable to a large number of different pathogenic bacteria. The successful transfer of this semi-direct detection principle onto inexpensive screen printed electrodes for portable devices represents a potential major advance in the field of biosensor development.
Published: 2019

14. Corrigendum to 'Electrochemical quantification of piperine in black pepper' [Food Chem. 319 (2020) 125606]

Author: Lifu Chen, Korbua Chaisiwamongkhol, Richard G. Compton, Rosa A. S. Couto, and Yuanzhe Wang
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Chromatography, Chemistry, Piperine, Pepper, General Medicine, Electrochemistry, Food Science, Analytical Chemistry
Published: 2021
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15. Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis

Author: M.B. Quinaz, Rosa A. S. Couto, and José L. F. C. Lima
Subjects: Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Nanotechnology, Biosensing Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, Electrochemical detection, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Electrochemistry, Humans, Printing, 0210 nano-technology, Electrodes
Abstract: Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) have gone through significant improvements over the past few decades with respect to both their format and their printing materials. Thus, SPEs have been successfully applied for the in situ detection of a plethora of analytes in a wide range of sample matrixes due to their advantageous material properties, such as disposability, simplicity, and rapid responses. In particular, the development of electrochemical sensors based on SPEs for pharmaceutical analysis has received massive consideration since they enable the rapid screening of the pharmaceutical compounds in complex matrixes, requiring small volumes of samples and no pre-treatment steps. This review summarizes the design and the working principles of electrochemical sensors based on SPEs applied to the quantification of pharmaceutical and biological compounds.
Published: 2016
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16. Electrochemical detection of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone using carbon screen-printed electrodes: A fast, simple and sensitive screening method for forensic samples

Author: Eduardo M. Richter, Pablo A. Marinho, Camila Alves de Lima, Sandro L. Barbosa, M. Beatriz Quinaz, Luciano Chaves Arantes, Rosa A. S. Couto, Dilton M. Pimentel, Rodrigo Amorim Bezerra da Silva, and Wallans T. P. dos Santos
Subjects: Detection limit, Chromatography, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Methylenedioxypyrovalerone, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Buffer solution, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrode, medicine, Differential pulse voltammetry, Cyclic voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract: In this work, the electrochemical detection of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a synthetic cathinone used as a stimulant drug, is presented for the first time. The electrochemical behavior of MDPV was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at the surface of an unmodified glassy carbon electrode and a carbon graphite screen-printed electrode (SPE-Gr), where three irreversible oxidation processes were identified. The quantification of MDPV in seized drug samples was optimized for the first oxidation process (at + 0.6 V vs Ag) in 0.1 mol L−1 Britton Robison (BR) buffer solution pH 6.0 at SPE-Gr, using adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) detection. The proposed method exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 µmol L−1 and suitable electrochemical response stability using the same (N = 5) or different (N = 3) electrodes, both presenting a RSD lower than 1.6%. Additionally, interference studies and application to MDPV sensing in reference samples provided by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) were performed, confirming the potential of the proposed sensor for application in forensic analysis as a simple, fast and cost-effective screening method for MDPV.
Published: 2020
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17. Methylone screening with electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer on screen-printed electrodes

Author: Félix Carvalho, Leigh Aldous, Rosa A. S. Couto, Luís Moreira Gonçalves, M. Beatriz Quinaz, Ataualpa A. C. Braga, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, and Bassim Mounssef
Subjects: Analyte, Methylone, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Electroanalytical method, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Voltammetry, Detection limit, Chromatography, Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Molecularly imprinted polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, AMINAS, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Linear range, Cyclic voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Methylone (also known as bk-MDMA) is a substituted cathinone developed to elicit similar psychotropic effects as 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as ecstasy). Although methylone is a scheduled substance, its specific structural features means it generally cannot be detected and quantified using the same conditions commonly employed for ecstasy. This work therefore describes the development of an electroanalytical method for the selective quantification of methylone. This method uses an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on the surface of screen-printed gold electrodes (SPAuEs), using 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) as the building monomer and methylone as the analyte template. The construction and optimization of the SPAuE-MIP sensor was studied, step-by-step, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, the direct electrooxidation of methylone was investigated, and methylone-MIP interactions probed computationally. Ultimately, square-wave voltammetry (SWV) quantification of methylone using the SPAuE-MIP sensor was demonstrated to be both sensitive and selective. The electroanalytical determination showed suitable analytical parameters as: intra-day repeatability of 1.5%, a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 μmol L−1 (0.23 mg L−1) and a linear range up to 50 μmol L−1 (ca. 10 mg dL−1) with an r2 of 0.996, as well as much higher currents towards the analyte than similar compounds and commonly present interferents.
Published: 2020
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18. Detection of Escherichia coli bacteria by impact electrochemistry

Author: Richard G. Compton, Rosa A. S. Couto, Lifu Chen, and Sabine Kuss
Subjects: Concentration dependence, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Redox, Analytical Chemistry, Electron Transport Complex IV, Tetramethylphenylenediamine, Escherichia coli, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, biology, Escherichia coli Proteins, 010401 analytical chemistry, Electrochemical Techniques, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, 0104 chemical sciences, Microelectrode, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0210 nano-technology, Redox mediator, Microelectrodes, Oxidation-Reduction, Bacteria
Abstract: We report the redox mediated detection of Escherichia coli bacteria at carbon microelectrodes, using the impact electrochemistry technique. By employing N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-para-phenylene-diamine (TMPD) as redox mediator a concentration dependency for bacteria impacts was observed, whereby its impact frequency is shown to be in good agreement with theoretically predicted values.
Published: 2018
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19. Electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, EMIMBF4, at 298K

Author: M.B. Quinaz, Rosa A. S. Couto, José L. F. C. Lima, Yolanda Castrillejo, and Enrique Barrado
Subjects: Tetrafluoroborate, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Glassy carbon, Chronoamperometry, Electrochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Charge transfer coefficient, Ionic liquid, Cyclic voltammetry, Voltammetry
Abstract: Electrochemical oxidation of ferrocene (Fc) at platinum and glassy carbon electrodes in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, EMIMBF4, has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), convolutive potential sweep voltammetry (CPSV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and chronoamperometry (CA). On both electrodes, the electro-oxidation of ferrocene to ferrocenium (Fc+) takes place in a quasi-reversible electrochemical mode. The intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer, k0, and the charge transfer coefficient, α, have been calculated for the first time in the mentioned ionic liquid, by simulation of the cyclic voltammograms, logarithmic analysis of the convoluted curves and from the steady-state current potential curves by applying the Gauss–Newton non-linear square method. The diffusion coefficient of Fc has been also calculated by CV, CPSV, CP and CA. A two-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, has shown that with a 95% confidence level, there are no significant differences between the diffusion coefficients obtained with both electrodes by the different techniques.
Published: 2014
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20. Development of a Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-Based Portable Sensor for the Voltammetric Analysis of the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Ethambutol

Author: Maria Beatriz Quinaz and Rosa A. S. Couto
Subjects: Materials science, Biocompatibility, screen-printed electrode, Antitubercular Agents, Analytical chemistry, ethambutol, Carbon nanotube, lcsh:Chemical technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, carbon nanotube, electrochemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, sensor, tuberculosis, law, Nafion, Humans, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electrodes, Instrumentation, Nanotubes, Carbon, 010401 analytical chemistry, Electrochemical Techniques, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrochemical gas sensor, Dielectric spectroscopy, Solutions, Fluorocarbon Polymers, chemistry, Dielectric Spectroscopy, Electrode, Printing, Cyclic voltammetry, Oxidation-Reduction, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: Herein we describe the development, characterization and application of an electrochemical sensor based on the use of Nafion/MWCNT-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the voltammetric detection of the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug ethambutol (ETB). The electrochemical behaviour of the drug at the surface of the developed Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the modified surface of the electrodes. Results showed that, compared to both unmodified and MWCNTs-modified SPCEs, negatively charged Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs remarkably enhanced the electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for ETB due to the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction between cationic ETB molecules and negatively charged Nafion polymer and the inherent electrocatalytic properties of both MWCNTs and Nafion. Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs provided excellent biocompatibility, good electrical conductivity, low electrochemical interferences and a high signal-to-noise ratio, providing excellent performance towards ETB quantification in microvolumes of human urine and human blood serum samples. The outcomes of this paper confirm that the Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-based device could be a potential candidate for the development of a low-cost, yet reliable and efficient electrochemical portable sensor for the low-level detection of this antimycobacterial drug in biological samples.
Published: 2016
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21. Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Author: Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Tomislav Mestrovic, Abhay Gaidhane, Christopher J L Murray, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Babayemi O Olakunde, Fakher Rahim, Ashwin Kamath, Getinet Kassahun, Ekaterina A. Aleksandrova, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Guan Wang, Irina Filip, Edmond D Brewer, Samad Azari, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Jane Jean-Hee Lee, Sajjad Ahmad, Molly R Nixon, Marwa Rashad Salem, Bach Xuan Tran, Linh Phuong Doan, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Sanjay Basu, Andem Effiong, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Keivan Ahmadi, Azeem Majeed, Fariba Dorostkar, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Aparna I Narayana, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Muhammed Elhadi, Ronny Westerman, Avina Vongpradith, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Mohamed Hsairi, Kate E. LeGrand, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Shirin Djalalinia, R V Polibin, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Andreea Mirica, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Aziz Rezapour, Joshua A. Salomon, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, K M Shivakumar, Khaled Khatab, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Jae Il Shin, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Bulat Idrisov, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Rajesh Sagar, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Mohammed Feyisso Shaka, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Gulfaraz Khan, Sonali G. Choudhari, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Adnan Kisa, Hisham Atan Edinur, Stephen S Lim, Bay Vo, Ramesh Holla, Chythra R Rao, Priya Rathi, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Siyan Yi, Denis O Roshchin, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Min Seo Kim, Ghobad Moradi, Souranshu Chatterjee, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Shafiul Haque, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Kevin S Ikuta, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Jalal Arabloo, Themba G. Ginindza, José Neves, Darshan B B, Sonali Kochhar, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Yeong Yeh Lee, Himal Kandel, Xuefeng Liu, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Mariam Molokhia, Aletta E. Schutte, Manasi Kumar, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Rosa A. S. Couto, Marina Pinheiro, Smita Pakhale, Saif Ullah, M. Mofizul Islam, Fabio Barra, Till Bärnighausen, Azizbek A Boltaev, Umar Saeed, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Davood Anvari, Hina Shamshad, Sergey Soshnikov, Paul Ward, Alimuddin Zumla, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Babak Moazen, Maciej Banach, Satish Saroshe, Iván Landires, Hedayat Abbastabar, Simone Ferrero, David Laith Rawaf, Addis Aklilu, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Rakhi Dandona, Jaykaran Charan, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Tanuj Kanchan, Pradhum Ram, Shrikant Pawar, Salahuddin Mohammed, Arief Hargono, Zubair Kabir, Ermiyas Mulu Kebede, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Rabia Hussain, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Sumaira Mubarik, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe, Judie Arulappan, Omid Dadras, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Hooman Tadbiri, Thomas Elliot Nyirenda, Aklilu Endalamaw, Zohra S Lassi, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Arif Mohammed, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Lalit Yadav, Yun Jin Kim, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Milena Ilic, Veer Bala Gupta, Nima Rezaei, Maheswar Satpathy, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Harish Chander Gugnani, Jasvinder A. Singh, Chao Cao, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Modhurima Moitra, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Wondimu Ayele Manamo, Syed Amir Gilani, Victor Adekanmbi, Omid Rezahosseini, Yousef Mohammad, Abera Getachew Obsa, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Taklo Simeneh Yazie Yazie, Aman Yesuf Endries, Soodabeh Aghababaei, Ziad El-Khatib, Alexander Kwarteng, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Voilet Rodrigues, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abdiwahab Hashi, Amanda Novotney, A Koyanagi, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Hanadi Al Hamad, Rajesh Elayedath, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Rekha Thapar, Daniel Diaz, Salman Rawaf, Muktar A Gadanya, Senad Handanagic, Tushar Garg, Ritesh G. Menezes, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Lalit Dandona, Vivek Gupta, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Khezar Hayat, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Christine Lin, Louisa Degenhardt, Peter Meylakhs, Parvaiz A Koul, Austin Carter, Chuanhua Yu, Ranjani Somayaji, Dan J. Stein, Molly H Biehl, Ted R. Miller, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Harapan Harapan, Tahvi Frank, Richard Charles G Pollok, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Sezer Kisa, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Sapna Gupta, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Hubert Amu, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Savita Lasrado, Praveen Hoogar, Nikha Bhardwaj, Lillian Mwanri, Olatunde Aremu, Emmanuel Peprah, Mostafa Hosseini, Haidong Wang, Sergey K Vladimirov, Tayyaba Akram, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Mahaveer Golechha, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Nithin Kumar, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Oluwatomi Funbi Owopetu, Dinh-Toi Chu, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Rohollah Kalhor, Alaa Makki, Kamal Hezam, E S Abhilash, Deepa Jahagirdar, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Shoaib Hassan, Ramaiah Itumalla, Archith Boloor, Kewal Krishan, Yohannes Tekalegn, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Daniel A Adeyinka, Simon I. Hay, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Ismaeel Yunusa, Richard G. Cowden, Nuno Taveira, Masoud Foroutan, Habtamu Gebrehana Belay, Sami Almustanyir, Tudorel Andrei, Catherine Bisignano, Bhawna Gupta, Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Ali Kabir, Richard G. Wamai, Feroze Kaliyadan, K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ahmad Azam Malik, Saira Afzal, Yousef Moradi, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Danilo Buonsenso, Inayat Ur Rehman, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Adithi Shetty, Xiaochen Dai, Florian Fischer, Sabina O Nduaguba, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Vardhmaan Jain, Monika Sawhney, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Masood Ali Shaikh, Nauman Khalid, Mohsen Naghavi, Maarten J. Postma, Zahid A Butt, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Yanzhong Wang, Mahesh P A, Magdalene K. Walters, Ali H. Mokdad, Muhammad Naveed, Nitin Joseph, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Keshab Deuba, Sadia Bibi, Raghu Radhakrishnan, Abdallah M. Samy, Tezera Moshago Berheto, Allen Seylani, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Shafiu Mohammed, Irena M Ilic, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Mohamed M. Gad, Eugenio Traini, Ziad A. Memish, Nour Mheidly, Samer Hamidi, Aisha Elsharkawy, Gbenga A. Kayode, Jean B. Nachega, Mosiur Rahman, Katrin Burkart, Soheil Hassanipour, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Hmwe H Kyu, Tarik A. Rashid, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Ravi Prakash Jha, Ranil Jayawardena, Amir Radfar, Ali Bijani, Tarang Parekh, Mohammad Farahmand, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Emilie R Maddison, Sandra B. Munro, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Amadou Barrow, Liaqat Ali, Vahit Yigit, Mohammed Shannawaz, Mohammad Ali Moni, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Sepideh Ahmadi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Himanshu Khajuria, Brijesh Sathian, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, IMPACT, Epidemiology, Immunology, Hiv epidemic, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Global Health, medicine.disease_cause, Global Burden of Disease, Cost of Illness, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Cause of Death, Virology, medicine, Humans, Epidemic control, Mortality, Child, PROGRESS, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, RISK, Estimation, business.industry, Public health, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, SUCCESS, HIV, Articles, CARE, medicine.disease, Mental health, Sex specific, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, EAST, Sex-specific burdens, Female, business, HIV burden, Global epidemiology, Development goals, Demography
Abstract: Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold
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22. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Emma Nichols, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Stein Emil Vollset, Kai Fukutaki, Julian Chalek, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Abdoli, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tayyaba Tayyaba Akram, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Hubert Amu, Iman Ansari, Jalal Arabloo, Tahira Ashraf, Thomas Astell-Burt, Getinet Ayano, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Atif Amin Baig, Anthony Barnett, Amadou Barrow, Bernhard T Baune, Yannick Béjot, Woldesellassie M Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Atanu Biswas, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Carol Brayne, Hermann Brenner, Katrin Burkart, Richard A Burns, Luis Alberto Cámera, Chao Cao, Felix Carvalho, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Prachi P Chavan, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, David Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Jawad Fares, Andre Faro, Umar Farooque, Valery L Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Irina Filip, Howard Fillit, Florian Fischer, Shilpa Gaidhane, Lucia Galluzzo, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Alessandro Gialluisi, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Elena V Gnedovskaya, Mahaveer Golechha, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Brian J Hall, Samer Hamidi, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Shafiul Haque, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Ahmed I Hasaballah, M Tasdik Hasan, Amr Hassan, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I Hegazy, Golnaz Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Hiroyasu Iso, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Vardhmaan Jain, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Nitin Joseph, Rizwan Kalani, Amit Kandel, Himal Kandel, André Karch, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gizat M Kassie, Pedram Keshavarz, Moien AB Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Walter J Koroshetz, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Matilde Leonardi, Bingyu Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Yuewei Liu, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stefan Lorkowski, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Ahmad Azam Malik, João Massano, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Ritesh G Menezes, Atte Meretoja, Bahram Mohajer, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Yousef Mohammad, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Stefania Mondello, Mohammad Ali Ali Moni, Md Moniruzzaman, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Gabriele Nagel, Muhammad Naveed, Vinod C Nayak, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Bogdan Oancea, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Urvish K Patel, Mona Pathak, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Carrie B Peterson, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Michael A Piradov, Constance Dimity Pond, Michele H Potashman, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sergio I Prada, Amir Radfar, Alberto Raggi, Fakher Rahim, Mosiur Rahman, Pradhum Ram, Priyanga Ranasinghe, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Stephen R Robinson, Michele Romoli, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Brijesh Sathian, Davide Sattin, Monika Sawhney, Mete Saylan, Silvia Schiavolin, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Masood Ali Shaikh, KS Shaji, Mohammed Shannawaz, Jeevan K Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Rahman Shiri, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Sergey Soshnikov, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Dan J Stein, Jing Sun, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Bhaskar Thakur, Binod Timalsina, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Bach Xuan Tran, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Vu, Yuan-Pang Wang, Anders Wimo, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Siddhesh Zadey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Christopher J L Murray, and Theo Vos
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Given the projected trends in population ageing and population growth, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase. In addition, strong evidence has emerged supporting the importance of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Characterising the distribution and magnitude of anticipated growth is crucial for public health planning and resource prioritisation. This study aimed to improve on previous forecasts of dementia prevalence by producing country-level estimates and incorporating information on selected risk factors. Methods: We forecasted the prevalence of dementia attributable to the three dementia risk factors included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 (high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking) from 2019 to 2050, using relative risks and forecasted risk factor prevalence to predict GBD risk-attributable prevalence in 2050 globally and by world region and country. Using linear regression models with education included as an additional predictor, we then forecasted the prevalence of dementia not attributable to GBD risks. To assess the relative contribution of future trends in GBD risk factors, education, population growth, and population ageing, we did a decomposition analysis. Findings: We estimated that the number of people with dementia would increase from 57·4 (95% uncertainty interval 50·4–65·1) million cases globally in 2019 to 152·8 (130·8–175·9) million cases in 2050. Despite large increases in the projected number of people living with dementia, age-standardised both-sex prevalence remained stable between 2019 and 2050 (global percentage change of 0·1% [–7·5 to 10·8]). We estimated that there were more women with dementia than men with dementia globally in 2019 (female-to-male ratio of 1·69 [1·64–1·73]), and we expect this pattern to continue to 2050 (female-to-male ratio of 1·67 [1·52–1·85]). There was geographical heterogeneity in the projected increases across countries and regions, with the smallest percentage changes in the number of projected dementia cases in high-income Asia Pacific (53% [41–67]) and western Europe (74% [58–90]), and the largest in north Africa and the Middle East (367% [329–403]) and eastern sub-Saharan Africa (357% [323–395]). Projected increases in cases could largely be attributed to population growth and population ageing, although their relative importance varied by world region, with population growth contributing most to the increases in sub-Saharan Africa and population ageing contributing most to the increases in east Asia. Interpretation: Growth in the number of individuals living with dementia underscores the need for public health planning efforts and policy to address the needs of this group. Country-level estimates can be used to inform national planning efforts and decisions. Multifaceted approaches, including scaling up interventions to address modifiable risk factors and investing in research on biological mechanisms, will be key in addressing the expected increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gates Ventures.
Published: 2022
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22 results on '"Rosa A. S. Couto"'

1. The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

2. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Sensing Based on Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

3. Development of a Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-Based Portable Sensor for the Voltammetric Analysis of the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Ethambutol

4. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

5. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

6. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

7. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) sensing based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers on silver nanoparticles and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

8. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

9. The Burden of Dementia due to down Syndrome, Parkinson's Disease, Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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21. Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

22. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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22 results on '"Rosa A. S. Couto"'

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