Search

Atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmia are often sustained by re-entrant propagation, and explained by deterministic models. A quantitative, stochastic description of self-termination provides an alternative to the current paradigm for re-entrant tachyarrhythmia - that of triggers and a substrate, modelled by parametrically heterogeneous deterministic partial differential equations Atrial and ventricular data was from recordings obtained during routine clinical monitoring and treatment, either noninvasively or invasively. Atrial and ventricular tachycardia are characterised by their initiation times and durations, re-presented as instantaneous rates, whose means estimate transition probabilities/s for onset and termination. These estimated probabilities range from 10−9 to 10−1/s.

BackgroundThe relative efficacy of different psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear.AimsTo determine the efficacy of specific psychological treatments for chronic PTSD.MethodIn a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, eligible studies were assessed against methodological qualitycriteria and data were extracted and analysed.ResultsThirty-eight randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TFCBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), stress management and group cognitive-behavioural therapy improved PTSD symptoms more than waiting-list or usual care. There was inconclusive evidence regarding other therapies. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between TFCBT and EMDR butthere was some evidence that TFCBT and EMDR were superior to stress management and other therapies, and that stress management was superior to other therapies.ConclusionsThe first-line psychological treatment for PTSD should be trauma-focused (TFCBTor EMDR).