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Background: The OVATE gene family is a new class of transcriptional repressors, which play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. Many studies have proved that the OVATE gene family can regulate the development of plant tissues and organs and resist stress, but its quantity and functional role in Rosa roxburghii remain unknown. Results: In this study, 14 OVATE family members were identified by re-annotating the genome of Rosa roxburghii, and these members were unevenly distributed on 6 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis indicated that these family members were classified into three groups. In their promoter regions, many hormone-related cis-acting elements such as ABA, GA, and MeJA were identified. Segmental duplication is an important driving force for the expansion of the OVATE family in Rosa roxburghii. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis showed that OVATE gene family had a specific tissue expression pattern in Rosa roxburghii. For instance, the expression level of gene Rr602241 in leaves was more than 4 times that of other tissues. The gene Rr101515 was highly expressed in FR1 and FR4 stages of fruit tree development, and was highly homologous to the gene regulating fruit shape in tomatoes. These results suggest that members of the OVATE gene family may have diverse functions in different tissues. Furthermore, based on the transcriptome data of eight tissues, a transcriptional regulatory co-expression network of different transcription factors and 14 OVATE genes was constructed. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides the expression profiles of the OVATE family and reveals the potential functional roles of different members in the growth and development of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented walnut meal (FW) has antifungal activity against Penicillium victoriae, a fungus responsible for Rosa roxbughii Tratt spoilage. This study characterized and applied ultrasonic‐assisted antifungal film loaded with FW to preserve R. roxbughii Tratt during near‐freezing temperature (NFT). Results showed that O2 and CO2 transmission rates decreased by 80.02% and 29.05%, respectively, and antimicrobial properties were improved with ultrasound at 560 W for 5 min and 1% FW. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results revealed ultrasound improved hydrogen bonds and inductive effect via ─NH, ─OH, and C═O bonds. The addition of FW led to the formation of CMCS‐GL‐FW polymer via C═O bond. Thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscope results demonstrated thermal degradation process was decomposed by ultrasound, and the internal structure of P. victoriae was accelerated by the addition of FW. Compared to the U‐CMCS/GL group, the vitamin C content, peroxidase, and catalase activities of U‐CMCS/GL/FW were enhanced by 4.24%, 8.52%, and 14.3% during NFT (−0.8 to −0.4°C), respectively. Particularly, the fungal count of the U‐CMCS/GL/FW group did not exceed 105 CFU g−1 at the end of storage, and the relative abundance of P. victoriae decreased to 0.007%. Our findings provide an effective route for agricultural waste as natural antifungal compounds in the active packaging industry. Practical Application: In this study, the barrier and antimicrobial properties of film were successfully improved by ultrasonic treatment and loaded fermented walnut meal. The ultrasonic‐assisted antifungal film loaded with fermented walnut meal effectively delayed the degradation of nutrients and reduced microbial invasion of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. These results provide a theoretical basis for the application of agricultural waste in the food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe pulmonary condition with high mortality and morbidity, lacking effective pharmacotherapeutic options. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a unique fruit from southwestern China, is valued for its rich nutritional content and functional properties. Fermentation is known to enhance the nutritional value, flavor, and shelf life of foods. In this study, we investigated the effects of fermented Rosa roxburghii juice (RRFJ) on gut microbiota, metabolites, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines, as well as its impact on lung tissue and intestine tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in murine models. The results showed that RRFJ modulated gut microbiota and metabolites, increased short-chain fatty acid levels, and consequently reduced lung tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice with ALI. These findings suggest that RRFJ has the potential to serve as a functional dietary adjunct in the management of acute lung injury, providing a scientific basis for its therapeutic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The OVATE gene family is a new class of transcriptional repressors, which play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. Many studies have proved that the OVATE gene family can regulate the development of plant tissues and organs and resist stress, but its quantity and functional role in Rosa roxburghii remain unknown. Results In this study, 14 OVATE family members were identified by re-annotating the genome of Rosa roxburghii, and these members were unevenly distributed on 6 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis indicated that these family members were classified into three groups. In their promoter regions, many hormone-related cis-acting elements such as ABA, GA, and MeJA were identified. Segmental duplication is an important driving force for the expansion of the OVATE family in Rosa roxburghii. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis showed that OVATE gene family had a specific tissue expression pattern in Rosa roxburghii. For instance, the expression level of gene Rr602241 in leaves was more than 4 times that of other tissues. The gene Rr101515 was highly expressed in FR1 and FR4 stages of fruit tree development, and was highly homologous to the gene regulating fruit shape in tomatoes. These results suggest that members of the OVATE gene family may have diverse functions in different tissues. Furthermore, based on the transcriptome data of eight tissues, a transcriptional regulatory co-expression network of different transcription factors and 14 OVATE genes was constructed. Conclusion In conclusion, our study provides the expression profiles of the OVATE family and reveals the potential functional roles of different members in the growth and development of Rosa roxburghii Tratt.

Drying conditions significantly impact the compositions and microstructures of polysaccharides, leading to various effects on their chemical characteristics and bioactivities. The objective of this study was to investigate how different industrial drying techniques, i.e., hot air drying, infrared drying, microwave vacuum drying, and freeze drying, affect the structural properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit (RRTP). Results revealed that these drying methods significantly altered the extraction yield, molecular weights, monosaccharide ratios, contents of uronic acid and total sugars, gelling properties, particle sizes, thermal stability, and microstructures of RRTPs. However, the monosaccharide composition and functional groups of polysaccharides remained consistent across the different drying techniques. Biological activity assays demonstrated that RRTPs, particularly those processed through microwave vacuum drying (MVD-RRTP), exhibited excellent anti-linoleic acid oxidation, robust anti-glycosylation effects, and significant α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that microwave vacuum drying serves as an effective pre-extraction drying method for RRTPs, enhancing their biological activities. This technique is particularly advantageous for preparing RRTPs intended for use in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, optimizing their health-promoting properties for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate acid hydrolysis-bound phenols from Rosa roxburghii Tratt and their biological activities in vitro. The optimal extraction parameters were as follows: HCl concentration of 7 mol/L, extraction time of 10 h and material-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL. The highest yield of bound polyphenols was 495.64 ± 11.66 mg GAE/100 g DW. There were 24 phenolic compounds and 14 flavonoids released by acid hydrolysis. The antioxidant study showed that the RRT-BPs had a certain scavenging ability of free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. RRT-BPs showed good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, respectively, and RRT-PBs acted as anticompetitive and mixed inhibitors against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, respectively. Our study suggests that acid-hydrolysed bound phenols have good prebiotic properties and can be used as a supplement to existing alkaline-hydrolysed bound phenols to prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

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To develop a juice-type Rosa roxburghii Tratt. carbonated beverage with below 10％of Rosa rox-burghii Tratt. juice content,Rosa roxburghii Tratt.juice, xylitol,and sour agents(citric acid: sodium citrate=1∶1,mass ratio)were used as the main raw material, with the comprehensive sensory score of the product as the main indicator. Single-factor and response surface experiments were employed to explore the optimal formula of juice-type Rosa roxburghii Tratt. carbonated beverage. The results of the single-factor experiment showed that the optimal addition of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. juice, xylitol,and sour agent was 8％,8％,and 0.14％,respec-tively.Response surface test results indicated that the optimal formula for the beverage was the addition of 8％Rosa roxburghii Tratt.juice,8％xylitol,and 0.14％sour agent. Under these conditions, the juice-type Rosa roxburghii Tratt. carbonated beverage produced exhibited a uniform and transparent light yellow color, with a suit-able sour and sweet taste,a special Rosa roxburghii Tratt. aroma and taste, a uniform distribution of tissue morphology, and no precipitation or flocculation. The study on the storage stability of beverages showed that com-pared to vacuum filtration, centrifugal filtration is more conducive to inhibiting the formation of precipitates and floccules in juice-type Rosa roxburghii Tratt. carbonated beverages; Secondly, low-temperature and dark storage is beneficial for delaying browning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental arsenic exposure is a significant global public health concern. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between arsenic‐induced liver injury and oxidative stress as well as ferroptosis. However, the knowledge of the interactions among these mechanisms remains limited. Moreover, there is a lack of research on potential therapeutic interventions for liver injury resulting from arsenic exposure. To address these limitations, we established a rat model with liver injury caused by arsenic exposure and investigated the impact of the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) signaling pathway and ferroptosis on arsenic‐induced liver injury. Our findings revealed that arsenic increased Nrf2 expression and decreased GPx4 expression in the rat liver. This was accompanied by a substantial generation of reactive oxygen species and disruption of the antioxidant defense system, ultimately promoting liver injury through ferroptosis. Subsequently, we conducted intervention experiments using Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) in rats exposed to arsenic. The results showed that the detrimental effects mentioned earlier were partially alleviated following RRT intervention. This study offers preliminary evidence that persistent activation of Nrf2 by arsenic triggers an adaptive antioxidant response, leading to liver injury through the promotion of ferroptosis. Additionally, we discovered that RRT inhibits Nrf2‐mediated adaptive antioxidant responses by reducing hepatic ferroptosis, thereby mitigating liver injury caused by arsenic exposure in rats. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying liver injury resulting from arsenic exposure. Furthermore, our findings may facilitate the identification of a potential edible and medicinal plant extracts that could be utilized to develop a more effective adjunctive treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic can cause immune inflammation, which is the basis of arsenic-induced damage to multiple organs and systems. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-labelled CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) are critical regulators of Foxp3. Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is an edible medicinal plant with anti-inflammation effects. In this study, a control group (n = 41) and an arseniasis group (n = 209) were recruited, and screened subjects from the arseniasis patients for RRTJ (n = 46) or placebo (n = 43) to explore the possible mechanism by which RRT alleviates immune inflammation. The results indicated that RRTJ can inhibits NF-κB and increases IL-2, and alleviates the Foxp3-mediated Tregs imbalance in the peripheral blood of arseniasis patients. In summary, these findings suggest a novel intervention or therapeutic target for immune inflammation in arseniasis patients and provide new evidence that RRTJ inhibits immune inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes the fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) as a fermentation substrate and carries out a quantitative visual analysis of the domestic and foreign literature on screenings of five different lactic acid bacteria to obtain a fermentation broth. Systemic anti-photoaging effects are analyzed at the biochemical, cellular, and molecular biological levels. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities are used to verify the antioxidant capacity of the RRT fruit fermentation broth in vitro. Human embryonic skin fibroblasts (HESs) are used to establish a UVA damage model, and the antioxidant capacity of the RRT fruit fermentation broth is verified in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activity. RT-qPCR and ELISA are used to detect the expression of TGF-β/Smad, MMPs, and the MAPK/AP-1 and Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathways in order to explore the anti-oxidation and anti-photoaging effects of the RRT fruit fermentation broth by regulating different signaling pathways. The results show that an RRT fruit fermentation broth can effectively protect cells from oxidative stress caused by UVA and has significant anti-photoaging effects, with the co-cultured Lactobacillus Yogurt Starter LYS-20297 having the highest overall effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cellulase can increase the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content in Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT), but the effects on polyphenol content, bioactivity, and flavor are unknown. This study analyzed the changes in SDF content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and flavor before and after cellulase treatment. Cellulase treatment increased the SDF and total phenolic content of RRT by 13 % (P

Drying conditions significantly impact the compositions and microstructures of polysaccharides, leading to various effects on their chemical characteristics and bioactivities. The objective of this study was to investigate how different industrial drying techniques, i.e., hot air drying, infrared drying, microwave vacuum drying, and freeze drying, affect the structural properties and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit (RRTP). Results revealed that these drying methods significantly altered the extraction yield, molecular weights, monosaccharide ratios, contents of uronic acid and total sugars, gelling properties, particle sizes, thermal stability, and microstructures of RRTPs. However, the monosaccharide composition and functional groups of polysaccharides remained consistent across the different drying techniques. Biological activity assays demonstrated that RRTPs, particularly those processed through microwave vacuum drying (MVD-RRTP), exhibited excellent anti-linoleic acid oxidation, robust anti-glycosylation effects, and significant α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro. The outcomes of this research demonstrate that microwave vacuum drying serves as an effective pre-extraction drying method for RRTPs, enhancing their biological activities. This technique is particularly advantageous for preparing RRTPs intended for use in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, optimizing their health-promoting properties for industrial applications.

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A complex metabolic disorder, type 2 diabetes, was investigated to explore the impact of ellagitannin, derived from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RTT), on liver lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice. The findings demonstrated that both RTT ellagitannin (C1) and RTT ellagic acid (C4) considerably decelerated body mass gain in db/db mice, significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and mitigated the aggregation of hepatic lipid droplets. At LDL-C levels, C1 performed substantially better than the C4 group, exhibiting no significant difference compared to the P (positive control) group. An RNA-seq analysis further disclosed that 1245 differentially expressed genes were identified in the livers of experimental mice following the C1 intervention. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that, under ellagitannin intervention, numerous differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolic processes, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid synthesis, and other lipid metabolism-related pathways. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis results indicated that RTT ellagitannin notably upregulated the gene and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In contrast, it downregulated the gene and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), recombinant fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Therefore, RTT ellagitannin can activate the PPAR signaling pathway, inhibit fatty acid uptake and de novo synthesis, and ameliorate hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in db/db mice, thus potentially aiding in maintaining lipid homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is a kind of excellent fruit, with many healthy functions. RRT fruit dietary interventions have demonstrated a remarkable potential to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei SR10-1 fermented RRT juice (FRRT) on the oxidative stress, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota in T2DM mice induced by high-sugar and high-fat diets and streptozotocin (STZ) were investigated using GC–MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that medium-dose FRRT intervention resulted in significantly decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, BUN, creatinine, and MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly increased levels of HDL-C, GSH-PX, CAT, and SOD of T2DM mice (p < 0.05). The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid were significantly increased, by 142.28%, 428.59%, 1968.66%, and 81.04% (p < 0.05), respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Klebsiella was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterium was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05), SOD (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05), and T-AOC (p < 0.05). Akkermansia was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05). Conclusively, medium-dose FRRT potentially improved T2DM by reversing dyslipidemia, decreasing oxidative stress, increasing SCFAs, and regulating gut microbiota composition. The medium-dose FRRT may serve as a novel T2DM dietary strategy to prevent T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a method for the isolation and purification of ellagic acid from Rosa roxburghii Tratt and to investigate the optimal acidification process condition for extraction of ellagic acid from Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Methods: Rosa roxburghii Tratt dried fruit was used as material, ellagic acid was obtained by acid hydrolyzed, and it was purified by methanol recrystallization. Its purity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the structure of ellagic acid sample was confirmed by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). In addition, with ellagic acid extraction yield as an indicator, acid concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid ratio as independent variables, based on the single-factor tests, a Box-Benhnken central composite and response surface methodology was designed to explore the optimum extraction conditions. Results: The ellagic acid extract was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt, and its purification was 92% analyzed by HPLC, the maximum absorption wavelength of ellagic acid extract was 254 nm, the molecular ion peak m/z was 301.00, and the infrared absorption wavenumber was consistent with the standard, and its structure was determined by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, and the optimal extraction parameters of ellagic acid was obtained by response surface method: Acid concentration 5%, extraction temperature 127 ℃, liquid ratio 8:1 mL/g, extraction time 9.8 h. Under this condition, the highest yield of ellagic acid could reach 30.2%±2.3% (compared to predicted value P>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, a simple and efficient purification method of ellagic acid from Rosa roxburghii Tratt was established and its structure was confirmed, and the optimal process for the preparation of ellagic acid by acid hydrolysis was obtained, which would provide a reference for the development and utilization of Rosa roxburghii Tratt resources.

This study takes the fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) as a fermentation substrate and carries out a quantitative visual analysis of the domestic and foreign literature on screenings of five different lactic acid bacteria to obtain a fermentation broth. Systemic anti-photoaging effects are analyzed at the biochemical, cellular, and molecular biological levels. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities are used to verify the antioxidant capacity of the RRT fruit fermentation broth in vitro. Human embryonic skin fibroblasts (HESs) are used to establish a UVA damage model, and the antioxidant capacity of the RRT fruit fermentation broth is verified in terms of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activity. RT-qPCR and ELISA are used to detect the expression of TGF-β/Smad, MMPs, and the MAPK/AP-1 and Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathways in order to explore the anti-oxidation and anti-photoaging effects of the RRT fruit fermentation broth by regulating different signaling pathways. The results show that an RRT fruit fermentation broth can effectively protect cells from oxidative stress caused by UVA and has significant anti-photoaging effects, with the co-cultured Lactobacillus Yogurt Starter LYS-20297 having the highest overall effect.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rosa roxburghii Tratt is a traditional Chinese plant that has been used to treat different inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Rosa roxburghii Tratt extract (RRTE) against ulcerative colitis (UC) using network pharmacology and experimental validation. HPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS was used to rapidly identify the substances contained in RRTE after extracting the active components from the fruit. Then, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to explore the critical target and potential mechanism of RRTE against UC using the active ingredients in RRTE as the research object. Data are presented in a visual manner. Finally, the pharmacological effects of RRTE in alleviating UC were further verified using a DSS-induced UC model of NCM460. The results showed that 25 components in RRTE were identified. A total of 250 targets of the active components and 5376 targets associated with UC were collected. Furthermore, a systematic analysis of the Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) networks suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), and serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) are critical targets for RRTE in the treatment of UC. A comprehensive regulatory network analysis showed that RRTE alleviated UC through the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway, and molecular docking showed that active components could strongly bind to EGFR, PIK3R1, and AKT1. In addition, RRTE alleviated dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced cell injury and significantly decreased the protein expression levels of EGFR, PIK3R1, and p-AKT in NCM460 cells in vitro. Furthermore, RRTE significantly regulated the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf1), cleaved caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), and Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax). In conclusion, the components of RRTE are complex, and RRTE can relieve UC through the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol tolerance is crucial for the oenological yeasts. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a Rosaceae plant native to China, is rich in nutritional and medicinal ingredients. In this study, ethanol-tolerant non-Saccharomyces yeasts were screened, and their oenological properties were further evaluated. Three ethanol-tolerant yeast strains (designated as C6, F112, and F15), which could tolerate 12% (v/v) ethanol treatment, were isolated from R. roxburghii, and identified as Candida tropicalis, Pichia guilliermondii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, respectively. The winemaking condition tolerances of these ethanol-tolerant yeast strains were similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X16. However, their growth, sugar metabolic performance and sulphureted hydrogen activities, were different. The β-glucosidase production ability of strain W. anomalus F15 was lower than that of S. cerevisiae X16, and strains of C. tropicalis C6 and P. guilliermondii F112 were similar to S. cerevisiae X16. Electronic sensory properties of the R. roxburghii wines fermented using ethanol-tolerant yeasts together with S. cerevisiae showed no significant differences. However, the mixed inoculation of the ethanol-tolerant yeast strains with S. cerevisiae could regulate the volatile aroma characteristics of the fermented R. roxburghii wine, enriching and enhancing the aroma flavor. Therefore, the selected ethanol-tolerant yeasts have the potential for application in the production of unique R. roxburghii wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease with growing prevalence that is difficult to cure. Rosa roxburghii Tratt is an edible and medicinal plant, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has potential anti-diabetic activity. This is the first study to explore the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit for treating T2DM based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS and network pharmacology. Methods The active components of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were obtained from UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis and retrieval in the SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The potential targets of the active components were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets for T2DM were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, DisGENent, and GEO databases. The intersection of the two datasets was used to obtain the potential targets of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit against T2DM. The target protein interaction network was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape software. The R software ClusterProfiler package was used for target enrichment analysis and the Cytoscape CytoNCA plug-in was used to screen core targets. Molecular docking and result visualization were performed using PyMOL and Autodock Vina software. Results We obtained 20 bioactive ingredients, including alphitolic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid, as well as 13 core targets, such as AKT1, TNF, SRC, and VEGFA. All bioactive ingredients in Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were active against T2DM-related therapeutic targets. Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit may play a therapeutic role in T2DM by regulating the PI3K/AKT, RAS, AGE-RAGE, and other signaling pathways. Conclusions This study explored the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit in the treatment of T2DM, laying the foundation for a further experimental study based on pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanisms of action. Graphical Abstract

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is the most abundant antioxidant in plants and is an important nutritional index for agricultural products. Some plants, such as Rosa roxburghii Tratt., contain exceptionally high levels of AsA, but are relatively unpalatable. In view of its role in human health, as well as plant growth and development, we examined the effects of two important AsA regulatory genes from R. roxburghii in tomato, with the aim of producing a crop of higher nutritional quality. RrGGP2 and RrDHAR were cloned from R. roxburghii fruit. The overexpression vectors were made using 35S promoters and mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to obtain the overexpression lines. A PCR and qRT-PCR verified that the two genes had been inserted and overexpressed in the tomato leaves and fruits. The results showed that the overexpression of RrGGP2 increased tomato leaf and fruit AsA content by 108.5% and 294.3%, respectively, while the overexpression of RrDHAR increased tomato leaf and fruit AsA content by 183.9% and 179.9%. The overexpression of RrGGP2 and RrDHAR further changed the expression of genes related to AsA metabolism, and the upregulation of one such gene, SlGGP, may have contributed greatly to the increase in AsA. Results here indicate that RrGGP2 contributes more towards fruit AsA accumulation in tomato than RrDHAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease with growing prevalence that is difficult to cure.Rosa roxburghii Tratt is an edible and medicinal plant, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has potential anti-diabetic activity. This is the first study to explore the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit for treating T2DM based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS and network pharmacology. Methods: The active components of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were obtained from UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS analysis and retrieval in the SciFinder, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The potential targets of the active components were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction and PharmMapper databases. The disease targets for T2DM were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, DisGENent, and GEO databases. The intersection of the two datasets was used to obtain the potential targets of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit against T2DM. The target protein interaction network was constructed using the String database and Cytoscape software. The R software ClusterProfiler package was used for target enrichment analysis and the Cytoscape CytoNCA plug-in was used to screen core targets. Molecular docking and result visualization were performed using PyMOL and Autodock Vina software. Results: We obtained 20 bioactive ingredients, including alphitolic acid, quercetin, and ellagic acid, as well as 13 core targets, such as AKT1, TNF, SRC, and VEGFA. All bioactive ingredients in Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit were active against T2DM-related therapeutic targets. Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit may play a therapeutic role in T2DM by regulating the PI3K/AKT, RAS, AGE-RAGE, and other signaling pathways. Conclusions: This study explored the active components and potential mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit in the treatment of T2DM, laying the foundation for a further experimental study based on pharmacodynamic substances and their mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/ MS. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of the extract towards xanthine oxidase (XOD) Rosa roxburghii Tratt was investigated in vitro. The potential active components and mechanism were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The result showed phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were the main components in the ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, among which kajiichigoside 2 and (-) catechin were the most abundant components, accounting for 19.64% and 8.83% of dry matter, respectively. The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt had a good inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase with IC50 value of 8.17 μg/mL. Among the components with higher content of ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, (-) catechin has higher docking activity. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that it could interact with multiple amino acid residues of XOD by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, forming conformational stable complexes and inhibiting the active site of XOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of RRT (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) glucosides and quercetin on oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in D‐galactose‐induced aging mice, 90 mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into the normal group (NC), aging model group (D‐gal), isoquercitrin group (D‐gal+isoquercitrin), quercitrin group (D‐gal+quercitrin), quercetin group (D‐gal+quercetin) and positive control group (D‐gal+Metformin). The aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of D‐galactose (100 mg/kg). After 42 days of the administration, antioxidant and inflammatory indexes were measured, HE staining was used to investigate pathological changes in liver and brain tissue, and Western blot was used to determine the protein abundance of nuclear factor E2‐related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO‐1) in the brain. The results showed that, when compared to the NC group, the D‐gal group had a significantly lower brain, liver, kidney, and spleen indexes; the contents of MDA, L‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in serum, liver, and brain were significantly higher, but the levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH‐Px were significantly lower. Isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and quercetin significantly increased organ indexes and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH‐Px while decreasing MDA, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels in serum, liver, and brain tissues compared to the D‐gal group. The morphological changes in the brain and liver tissue were significantly restored by glycosides and quercetin, as observed in HE staining. Furthermore, Western blot results revealed that glycosides and quercetin increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO‐1, and NQO1. Finally, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of RRT glycoside and quercetin in aging may be attributed to an activated Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. Practical applications: Aging is characterized by physical changes and dysfunction of numerous biological systems caused by a variety of factors. The oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of RRT glycosides and quercetin on D‐galactose‐induced aging mice were investigated in this study. RRT glycosides and quercetin were found to protect organ atrophy, liver, and brain tissue in aging mice by regulating oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. It served as the theoretical foundation for the investigation of Rosa roxburghii Tratt as a health product and pharmaceutical raw material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (R. roxburghii), a unique ethnic medicine native to southwest China, is classified as both medicinal and culinary, offering a multitude of health benefits. Traditionally, it is used to eliminate diet and relieve diarrhea, nourish Yin and invigorate the spleen, dispel wind and dampness, enhance immunity, and promote the healthy development of the body. Furthermore, it serves as a remedy for ailments such as scurvy, night blindness, cancer, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. R. roxburghii contains many nutritious and active ingredients, including proteins, vitamin C, inorganic salts, essential amino acids, polysaccharides, phenols, triterpenes, organic acids, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Among them, polysaccharides stand out as pivotal bioactive components, comprising mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucosamine hydrochloride, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose, among others. R. roxburghii polysaccharides (RTFPs) present diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, immune modulation, relief from ulcerative colitis, protection of neural stem cells from glutamate damage, and improvement of intestinal micro-ecology. Due to its distinctive bioactivity, the research on RTFPs is booming. While numerous extraction and purification techniques have successfully isolated and characterized RTFPs, comprehensive understanding of their chemical structure, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, safety profiles, and practical applications remains limited. This knowledge gap hampers their optimal utilization and development. In response, this research offers an overview of extraction, purification, structure characteristics, biological activities, structure-activity relationships, and pharmaceutical application of RTFPs. Additionally, this research not only lays a theoretical basis for the comprehensive exploration and exploitation of R. roxburghii and its polysaccharide resources but also offers extensive knowledge and insights into the development and application of RTFPs as a novel functional foods and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus acidophilus GIM1.208 (LA) β-glucosidase (BGL) converts glycosides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) to release more active aglycones. This study purified LA BGL and investigated it interaction with rosamultin in RRT. The isolated and purified BGL in the study had higher purity and activity, and the proportion of ordered structure in its secondary structure was greater than 60%, indicating better structural stability. The hydrolysis of purified BGL hydrolyzed rosamultin to tormentic acid at a rate of 25.2% (p < 0.01), and the hypoglycemic activity of tormentic acid was higher than that of rosamultin. Rosamultin causes BGL to undergo massive aggregation and enhances the hydrogen bonding network structure. Thermodynamic analyses indicate that their binding is a non-spontaneous exothermic entropy-decreasing reaction, with the main forces being hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, or protonation forces. Additionally, their thermodynamic binding constant Kd = 2.976 × 10−5 mol/L and dissociation constant K D = 2.67 × 10−5 mol/L indicate that the two have high affinity and strong interaction. In conclusion, BGL has the ability to hydrolyze rosamultin to release tormentic acid and they have a strong interaction. The results of this study can provide a reference for the study of glycoside changes and their interactions in RRT fermented by LA. • BGL was obtained with high activity and purity. • BGL hydrolyzed rosamultin to release tormentic acid. • The hypoglycemic activity of tormentic acid was higher than that of rosamultin. • The binding of BGL to rosamultin is non-spontaneous and exothermic. • BGL binds to rosamultin with hydrophobic forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rosa roxburghii Tratt, known as the king of vitamin C, shows stronger relief for colitis compared to vitamin C alone. • It surpasses vitamin C in alleviating inflammation, repairing intestinal barriers, and regulating intestinal flora. • Rosa roxburghii Tratt alleviates colitis by downregulating the colonic B cell receptor pathway and its downstream signals. Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT), a traditional Chinese plant known as the 'King of Vitamin C (VitC; ascorbic acid, AsA)', contains a wealth of nutrients and functional components, including polysaccharides, organic acids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The various functional components of RRT suggest that it may theoretically have a stronger potential for alleviating colitis compared to VitC. This study aims to verify whether RRT has a stronger ability to alleviate colitis than equimolar doses of VitC and to explore the mechanisms underlying this improvement. Results showed that RRT significantly mitigated body weight loss, intestinal damage, elevated inflammation levels, and compromised barriers in mice induced by Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Additionally, RRT enhanced the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in these DSS-induced mice. Colon RNA sequencing analysis revealed that compared to VitC, RRT further downregulated multiple immune-related signaling pathways, particularly the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway, which is centered around genes like Btk and its downstream PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. Correlation analysis between microbiota and genes demonstrated a significant relationship between the taxa improved by RRT and the key genes in the BCR and its downstream signaling pathways. Overall, RRT exhibited superior capabilities in alleviating DSS-induced colitis compared to VitC by decreasing intestinal inflammation and modulating BCR and its downstream signaling pathways, potentially regulated by the improved intestinal microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hanseniaspora uvarum, a non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, has a crucial effect on the aroma characteristics of fruit wines, thus, attracting significant research interest in recent years. In this study, H. uvarum–Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermentation was used to ferment Rosa roxburghii Tratt, blueberry fruit wine, and plum fruit wines using either a co-inoculated or a sequentially inoculated approach. The three fruit wines' volatile aroma characteristics were analyzed by headspace–solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS–SPME–GC–MS). The results showed that the mixed inoculation of H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae reduced the alcoholic content of Kongxinli fruit wine. Moreover, H. uvarum–S. cerevisiae fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt, blueberry, and plum fruit wines and further enriched their flavor compounds. The overall flavor characteristics of sequentially inoculated fruit wines differed significantly from those fermented with S. cerevisiae alone, although several similarities were also observed. Sequential inoculation of H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae positively affected the mellowness of the wine and achieved a better harmony of the overall wine flavors. Therefore, H. uvarum–Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermentation can improve the complexity of the wines' aromatic composition and empower them with a unique identity. In particular, H. uvarum–Saccharomyces cerevisiae blueberry wine produced by mixed fermentation had the widest variety and content of aroma compounds among the fermented wines. Therefore, H. uvarum–Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed-fermentation inoculation in the three fermented fruit wines significantly increased the aroma compound variety and content, thus, enriching their aroma richness and complexity. This study is the first comparative evaluation of the aroma characteristics of different fruit wines fermented with a mixed inoculation of H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae and provides a preliminary guide for these fruit wines produced with non-Saccharomyces yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To establish the quality standards of Hirtula Roses for the quality control of production, supervision, circulation and application. Methods The moisture content, total ash, ethanol extract content and characteristic chromatogram of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. were determined according to the related determination method in Ⅳ-Part of Chinese Pharmacopeia 2020. Results There should be 6 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of Rosa roxburghii Tratt., which should correspond to the retention time of 5 characteristic peaks in the reference chromatogram of the standard herbs, and another peak should correspond to the retention time of the reference chromatogram of isoquercitrin. The moisture content of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. should be less than 14.0%; the total ash content should be less than 5.0%; the ethanol extract content should be more than 20.0%. Conclusion According to the experimental results, the quality standard of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. is conformed to the national requirements of quality standards for traditional Chinese medicine, which could provide a reference for the quality control of Hirtula Roses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rosa roxburghii Tratt is a well-known horticultural crop that produces fruits with extremely high l-ascorbic acid (AsA) levels, and GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase2 (RrGGP2) encodes a major enzyme operating in AsA biosynthesis. This study aims to elucidate the transcriptional mechanism of RrGGP2 underlying AsA overproduction under abiotic stress. Herein, the sequence of RrGGP2 promoter (PRrGGP2) was isolated. The analysis of the PRrGGP2 detected an upstream open reading frame encoding a 64-amino acid peptide as well as a number of cis-acting elements responsive to environmental factors and hormones. Several truncated promoter fragments were constructed for dual-luciferase assays which revealed a critical promoter region (-1949 to -2089 bp) for PRrGGP2 activity. Overexpressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) and RrGGP2 under the control of PRrGGP2 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana increased the GUS activity and AsA content, respectively. Furthermore, the extent of the increases was significantly influenced by temperature and abscisic acid. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that RrNAC56 could activate PRrGGP2. Cold stress significantly increased the transcription of RrNAC56 and RrGGP2 in R. roxburghii fruits, which resulted in AsA accumulation. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for understanding the transcriptional regulation of RrGGP2, while also uncover a novel mechanism of RrNAC56-RrGGP2 module-mediated abiotic stress response via regulating AsA synthesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rosa roxburghii Tratt, known as Cili in China, is a fruit crop that grows in the mountains of southwest China at altitudes of 500 - 2500 m, especially in Guizhou province (Huang et al. 2022). In July 2021, leaf spot symptoms were observed on approximately 20 to 30% of R. roxburghii plants in a field of 6,000 m2 in Guiding County (107°14'E, 26°45'N), Guizhou Province, China. Severe leaf spot can lead to excessive leaf drop, significantly weakening the tree and adversely affecting its growth and fruit quality, which in turn can result in reduced or even lost harvests. The symptoms appeared as irregular brown spots (0.5 to 9.5 mm), which could coalesce when densely clustered and could lead to yellowing of the leaves in severe cases. To isolate the pathogen, 10 symptomatic leaves were collected from 10 trees. Symptomatic leaves were washed with sterile distilled water and then portions of the tissue (0.5×0.5cm) were cut at the junction of infected and healthy tissues. After surface sterilization (0.5 min with 75% ethanol, 2 min with 3% NaOCl, washed three times with sterilized distilled water), the leaves were dried and placed flat on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and left for 3-4 days incubated at 25°C (Fang, 2007). From this process, three isolates, denoted as F3-Y-21, F3-Y-22 and F3-Y-23, were obtained through single spore isolation, all displaying identical morphology. Subsequently, isolate F3-Y-21 was selected for further study. The colonies had dense aerial hyphae, initially white and later turning gray near the colony center when cultured on PDA at 28℃. Pycnidia were dark, spherical or flat spherical, and 42.2 to 52.6 μm × 51.5 to 55.2 µm in diameter (n = 50). Conidia were oval, smooth, aseptate, usually guttulate, and the size was 3.0 to 4.6 μm × 2.3 to 2.8 µm (n = 50). These morphological attributes were consistent with the description of Didymella segeticola (Chen et al. 2015). The isolate F3-Y-21 was confirmed to be D. segeticola by amplification and sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS; primers ITS5/ITS4), large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU; primers LROR/LR5), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2; primers Bt2a/Bt2b), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2; primers RPB2-5F2/fRPB2-7cR) (Liu et al. 1999; Suwannarachetal. 2019). Sequences from PCR amplification were deposited in GenBank under accessions PP159078 (ITS), PP159081 (LSU), PP178656 (TUB2), and PP178653 (RPB2). BLASTn searches of the sequences in GenBank revealed 100.00% identity of ITS (486/486 bp), 100.00% identity of LSU (574/574 bp), 98.93% identity of TUB2 (277/280 bp), and 99.05% identity of RPB2 (838/846 bp) with those sequences of D. segeticola CGMCC 3.17489 (accessions KP330443, KP330455, KP330399, and KP330414, respectively). A phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA7.0 using the maximum likelihood method. The isolate F3-Y-21 clustered in the same branch with D. segeticola. To assess its pathogenicity, a pot assay was conducted. Twelve leaves of three healthy R. roxburghii plants were spray-inoculated with a spore suspension (106 spores/ml), and an additional three plants were sprayed with sterile water. The plants were maintained at 25°C and 75% relative humidity in a growth chamber. The experiment was repeated three times. After 7 days, the inoculated leaves developed brown lesions similar to those in the field, while the control had no symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased leaves and identified by morphological characterization and molecular analyses (ITS, LSU, TUB2 and RPB2), and the reisolated pathogen was identical to D. segeticola, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Similar results were obtained from three replications of the pathogenicity test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot diseases of R. roxburghii plants caused by D. segeticola in China, although it has been previously reported to cause diseases on other hosts in China (Guo et al. 2020). It provides a theoretical basis for the detection and prevention of R. roxburghii leaf spot disease.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe pulmonary condition with high mortality and morbidity, lacking effective pharmacotherapeutic options. Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a unique fruit from southwestern China, is valued for its rich nutritional content and functional properties. Fermentation is known to enhance the nutritional value, flavor, and shelf life of foods. In this study, we investigated the effects of fermented Rosa roxburghii juice (RRFJ) on gut microbiota, metabolites, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines, as well as its impact on lung tissue and intestine tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in murine models. The results showed that RRFJ modulated gut microbiota and metabolites, increased short-chain fatty acid levels, and consequently reduced lung tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice with ALI. These findings suggest that RRFJ has the potential to serve as a functional dietary adjunct in the management of acute lung injury, providing a scientific basis for its therapeutic role., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chen, Zhang, Sun, Meng, Lai, Zhang, Wang, Huang and Gao.)

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is a kind of excellent fruit, with many healthy functions. RRT fruit dietary interventions have demonstrated a remarkable potential to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei SR10-1 fermented RRT juice (FRRT) on the oxidative stress, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota in T2DM mice induced by high-sugar and high-fat diets and streptozotocin (STZ) were investigated using GC–MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that medium-dose FRRT intervention resulted in significantly decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, BUN, creatinine, and MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly increased levels of HDL-C, GSH-PX, CAT, and SOD of T2DM mice (p < 0.05). The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid were significantly increased, by 142.28%, 428.59%, 1968.66%, and 81.04% (p < 0.05), respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Klebsiella was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterium was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05), SOD (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05), and T-AOC (p < 0.05). Akkermansia was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05). Conclusively, medium-dose FRRT potentially improved T2DM by reversing dyslipidemia, decreasing oxidative stress, increasing SCFAs, and regulating gut microbiota composition. The medium-dose FRRT may serve as a novel T2DM dietary strategy to prevent T2DM.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt, a Rosaceae plant endemic to China, produces fruit with high nutritional and medicinal value. The effects of R. roxburghii must on the growth, nutrient composition, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia was investigated. We measured the mycelial growth rate, proximate composition, amino acid and crude polysaccharide content, and the antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharides of P. ostreatus mycelia cultivated under different concentrations of R. roxburghii must (2%, 4%, and 8%, v/v). Low concentrations of R. roxburghii must (2% and 4%) promoted mycelial growth, while a high concentration (8%) inhibited mycelial growth. Low concentrations of R. roxburghii must had no significant effects on the soluble substances, fat, ash, and crude fiber in P. ostreatus mycelia, but significantly increased the crude protein and total amino acid contents (p < 0.05). The addition of R. roxburghii must at low concentrations significantly increased the crude polysaccharide content in mycelia (p < 0.05) but had no impact on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Therefore, R. roxburghii must at low concentration can be used as a substrate for P. ostreatus cultivation to increase the protein and polysaccharide contents in mycelia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is the most abundant antioxidant in plants and is an important nutritional index for agricultural products. Some plants, such as Rosa roxburghii Tratt., contain exceptionally high levels of AsA, but are relatively unpalatable. In view of its role in human health, as well as plant growth and development, we examined the effects of two important AsA regulatory genes from R. roxburghii in tomato, with the aim of producing a crop of higher nutritional quality. RrGGP2 and RrDHAR were cloned from R. roxburghii fruit. The overexpression vectors were made using 35S promoters and mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to obtain the overexpression lines. A PCR and qRT-PCR verified that the two genes had been inserted and overexpressed in the tomato leaves and fruits. The results showed that the overexpression of RrGGP2 increased tomato leaf and fruit AsA content by 108.5% and 294.3%, respectively, while the overexpression of RrDHAR increased tomato leaf and fruit AsA content by 183.9% and 179.9%. The overexpression of RrGGP2 and RrDHAR further changed the expression of genes related to AsA metabolism, and the upregulation of one such gene, SlGGP, may have contributed greatly to the increase in AsA. Results here indicate that RrGGP2 contributes more towards fruit AsA accumulation in tomato than RrDHAR.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruits (RRT) exhibit extremely high nutritional and medicinal properties due to its unique phytochemical composition. Probiotic fermentation is a common method of processing fruits. Variations in the non-volatile metabolites and bioactivities of RRT juice caused by different lactobacilli are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to profile the non-volatile components and investigate the impact of L. plantarum fermentation (LP) and L. paracasei fermentation (LC) on RRT juice (the control, CG). There were both similarities and differences in the effects of LP and LC on RRT juice. Both of the two strains significantly increased the content of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and some bioactive compounds such as 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, hydroxytyrosol and indole-3-lactic acid in RRT juice. Interestingly, compared with L. paracasei , L. plantarum showed better ability to increase the content of total phenolic and these valuable compounds, as well as certain bioactivities. The antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of RRT juice were notably enhanced after the fermentations, whereas its cholesterol esterase inhibitory activity was reduced significantly. Moreover, a total of 1466 metabolites were identified in the unfermented and fermented RRT juices. There were 278, 251 and 134 differential metabolites in LP vs CG, LC vs CG, LC vs LP, respectively, most of which were upregulated. The key differential metabolites were classified into amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, nucleotides and their analogues, phenolic acids and alkaloids, which can serve as potential markers for authentication and discrimination between the unfermented and lactobacilli fermented RRT juice samples. The KEGG enrichment analysis uncovered that metabolic pathways, purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and ABC transporters contributed mainly to the formation of unique composition of fermented RRT juice. These results provide good coverage of the metabolome of RRT juice in both unfermented and fermented forms and also provide a reference for future research on the processing of RRT or other fruits. • Different LAB had different effects on the metabolomic profile of RRT juice. • L. plantarum led to a sharp rise in the indole-3-lactic acid content of RRT juice. • L. paracasei led to a significant rise in the total flavonoid content of RRT juice. • LAB fermentation greatly enhanced the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of RRT juice. • LAB fermentation notably reduced the cholesterol esterase inhibitory effect of RRT. • Tyramine can serve as a marker for fermented RRT juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endemic arsenism caused by coal burning is a unique type of biogeochemical disease that only exists in China, and it is also a disease of element imbalances. Previous studies have shown that element imbalances are involved in the pathogenesis of arsenic; however, the interaction between the various elements and effective preventive measures have not been fully studied. This study first conducted a cross-sectional study of a total of 365 participants. The results showed that arsenic exposure can increase the content of elements (Al, As, Fe, Hg, K, and Na) in the hair (p < 0.05), but the content of other elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, P, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the high level of As, Fe, and Pb and the low level of Se can increase the risk of arsenism (p < 0.05). Further study found that the combined exposure of Fe–As and Pb–As can increase the risk of arsenism, but the combined exposure of Se–As can reduce the risk of arsenism (p < 0.05). In particular, a randomized, controlled, double-blind intervention study reveals that Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice (RRT) can reverse the abovementioned element imbalances (the high level of Al, As, and Fe and the low level of Cu, Mn, Se, Sr, and Zn) caused by arsenic (p < 0.05). Our study provides some limited evidence that the element imbalances (the high level of As, Fe, and Pb and the low level of Se) are the risk factors for the occurrences of arsenism. The second major finding was that RRT can regulate the element imbalances, which is expected to improve arsenism. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding a possible traditional Chinese health food, RRT , as a more effective detoxication of arsenism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt has attracted great interest and is used in many functional products in China. However, fresh fruits are perishable products with quite short shelf lives and few studies have focused on dried fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the drying process can be used to preserve bioactive components of R roxburghii fruits by comparing phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities between fresh and dried fruit. As result, a total of 95 compounds, mainly including organic acids, phenols, and flavonoids, were identified in fresh and dried fruits by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. The relative quantitative result showed that contents of phenols and acylamide were significantly higher (p <.05) in dried fruit. Furthermore, dried fruit showed stronger antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power. This research suggested that dried R roxburghii fruit could be considered a more effective and economical health and functional source for functional food and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]