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Mango is a popular tropical fruit that requires quarantine hot water treatment (QHWT) for postharvest sanitation, which can cause abiotic stress. Plants have various defense mechanisms to cope with stress; miRNAs mainly regulate the expression of these defense responses. Proteins involved in the biogenesis of miRNAs include DICER-like (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), SERRATE (SE), HUA ENHANCER1 (HEN1), HASTY (HST), and HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90), among others. According to our analysis, the mango genome contains five DCL, thirteen AGO, six HYL, two SE, one HEN1, one HST, and five putative HSP90 genes. Gene structure prediction and domain identification indicate that sequences contain key domains for their respective gene families, including the RNase III domain in DCL and PAZ and PIWI domains for AGOs. In addition, phylogenetic analysis indicates the formation of clades that include the mango sequences and their respective orthologs in other flowering plant species, supporting the idea these are functional orthologs. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements of these genes allowed the identification of MYB, ABRE, GARE, MYC, and MeJA-responsive elements involved in stress responses. Gene expression analysis showed that most genes are induced between 3 to 6 h after QHWT, supporting the early role of miRNAs in stress response. Interestingly, our results suggest that mango rapidly induces the production of miRNAs after heat stress. This research will enable us to investigate further the regulation of gene expression and its effects on commercially cultivated fruits, such as mango, while maintaining sanitary standards.

The main mango cultivars produced in the southern Pacific region of Mexico are Ataulfo, Manila, Haden, and Criollo. However, mineral, nutritional, and nutraceutical composition studies are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivars on the nutritional, mineral, and nutraceutical qualities of mango produced in Mexico. The cultivar significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05) the fruit composition across these indices. Criollo had the highest potassium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc concentrations, while Haden showed the highest calcium content. Manila had the highest iron content, contributing 0.76% of the recommended daily intake. Ataulfo and Haden were statistically similar in manganese content, both higher than Criollo, with Ataulfo reaching the maximum copper concentration. Ataulfo also had the highest sugar content, while Criollo had the most dietary fiber (3.1%), double that of Ataulfo and Haden. Haden had the lowest dry matter (14.8%) and lowest protein content (0.46%), with Manila showing the lowest ash content. The cultivars also differed in nutraceutical composition: Ataulfo was highest in total phenols, DPPH, and vitamin A; Haden in carotenoids and flavonoids; and Criollo in vitamin C. Cultivar selection induces changes in mango nutritional composition.

The effect of dietary fiber (DF) from tropical fruits on the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds (PC) present in the same fruits was investigated. DF obtained from tropical fruits pulp (FDF) was incubated with methanolic extracts (ME) containing PC, at pH 2.5 and room temperature for 2 h. The total soluble phenols (TSP) content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) were analyzed in the resulting supernatants. Results show that the addition of FDF significantly (p

En este estudio se evaluaron los cambios en algunos polisacáridos durante la maduración poscosecha de mango ¿Kent¿. Se almacenaron frutos en madurez fisiológica a condiciones simuladas de mercadeo (20 ± 2 °C, 85 % de humedad relativa), hasta alcanzar los estados de madurez 2, 3, 4 y 5 (de acuerdo a la norma de Empacadoras de Mango de Exportación, A. C.). Se determinaron los cambios en firmeza, almidón, pectinas, hemicelulosas y celulosa. Los polisacáridos se obtuvieron a partir de la fracción insoluble en alcohol (FIA) de la pulpa. Los frutos presentaron una pérdida total del 93 % de la firmeza desde la madurez 2 a la 5, la cual se redujo progresivamente en 40, 44 y 9 % al alcanzar la madurez 3, 4 y 5, respectivamente. En ese orden, el grado de ablandamiento se definió como inicial, intermedio y tardío. Durante el ablandamiento inicial de los frutos se redujo el contenido de almidón en un 90 % y el contenido de azúcares totales en un 44 %, mientras que los ácidos urónicos totales aumentaron en un 39 %. La concentración total de arabinosa no mostró cambios significativos y se mantuvo en valores cercanos a los 250 mg·100 g-1 peso fresco (pf) en los distintos estados de madurez; sin embargo, la disminución de glucosa y galactosa fue de 50 % durante el ablandamiento inicial. La fracción péctica predominante fue la hidrosoluble, que presentó una relación urónicos:azúcares cercana a 2:1, y el azúcar neutro de mayor concentración fue arabinosa. Durante el ablandamiento de los frutos de mango ¿Kent¿, se presentaron cambios en la solubilidad y grado de polimerización de polisacáridos pécticos y hemicelulósicos.

The nutrimental composition and main nutraceutical components were determined in Chinese, Philippine, American, Hindu and Thai eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) types grown in Sinaloa, Mexico. Thai type showed the highest amount of protein (0.90%), crude (1.54%) and dietary (3.93%) fibre and the highest concentrations of total soluble phenolics (2049 mgCAE 100g-1) and chlorogenic acid (1700 mg 100g-1). Hindu type obtained the highest content of the minerals potassium (191.19 mg 100g-1), calcium (59.63 mg 100g-1), phosphorus (33.52 mg 100g-1), magnesium (28.96 mg 100g-1), manganese (0.44 mg 100g-1), zinc (0.78 mg 100g-1), in addition this eggplant type showed the highest levels of ascorbic acid (22 mg 100g-1). Philippine type showed the highest concentration in anthocyanins (161.10 mgC3GE 100g-1) and the highest levels of radical scavenging activity in DPPH (92.50% of inhibition) and ORAC (538.90 μmolTE g-1). Nutrient components with functional properties like biologically essential minerals, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and soluble phenols were found in higher amounts in the five eggplant types analyzed, as compared with reports from other parts in the world available in the literature.