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Background The association among gallbladder disease, cholecystectomy, and pancreatic cancer is unclear. Moreover, time interval between gallbladder disease or cholecystectomy and pancreatic cancer diagnosis is not considered in most previous studies. Aim To quantify the association among gallbladder disease, cholecystectomy, and pancreatic cancer, considering time since first diagnosis of gallbladder disease or cholecystectomy. Methods We used data from nine case-control studies within the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium, including 5760 cases of adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas and 8437 controls. We estimated pooled odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals by estimating study-specific odds ratios through multivariable unconditional logistic regression models, and then pooling the obtained estimates using fixed-effects models. Results Compared with patients with no history of gallbladder disease, the pooled odds ratio of pancreatic cancer was 1.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.51-1.88) for patients reporting a history of gallbladder disease. The odds ratio was 4.90 (95% confidence interval, 3.45-6.97) for gallbladder disease diagnosed

The consumption of processed meat has been associated with noncardia gastric cancer, but evidence regarding a possible role of red meat is more limited. Our study aims to quantify the association between meat consumption, namely white, red and processed meat, and the risk of gastric cancer, through individual participant data meta-analysis of studies participating in the “Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project”. Data from 22 studies, including 11,443 cases and 28,029 controls, were used. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were pooled through a two-stage approach based on random-effects models. An exposure-response relationship was modeled, using one and two-order fractional polynomials, to evaluate the possible nonlinear association between meat intake and gastric cancer. An increased risk of gastric cancer was observed for the consumption of all types of meat (highest vs. lowest tertile), which was statistically significant for red (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00–1.53), processed (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.43) and total meat (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.09–1.55). Exposure-response analyses showed an increasing risk of gastric cancer with increasing consumption of both processed and red meat, with the highest OR being observed for an intake of 150 g/day of red meat (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.56–2.20). This work provides robust evidence on the relation between the consumption of different types of meat and gastric cancer. Adherence to dietary recommendations to reduce meat consumption may contribute to a reduction in the burden of gastric cancer. © 2019 UICC

Purpose: Flavonoids have drawn attention because of their antioxidant capacity and anti-carcinogenic effect in various types of cancer. A limited number of studies has investigated their potential effect on the risk of bladder cancer, with inconsistent results. Methods: We analyzed data from an Italian case–control study including 690 incident bladder cancer cases and 665 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, non-neoplastic, non tobacco-related diseases. Subjects were interviewed using a reproducible and validated food-frequency questionnaire. We applied data on food and beverage composition to estimate the intake of isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones and flavonols. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for potential confounding factors, including tobacco smoking and total energy intake. Results: We found an inverse association between isoflavones (OR for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of intake = 0.56, 95% CI 0.37–0.84) and flavones (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.44–0.95) and bladder cancer. Non-significant inverse association was found for flavan-3-ols (OR = 0.70), flavonols (OR = 0.85) and total flavonoids (OR = 0.76). The results were consistent for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Conclusions: Our data indicate an inverse association between isoflavones and flavones with respect to bladder cancer risk. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

We assessed the association of processed meat intake with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and bladder cancer. We used data from two Italian hospital-based case-control studies, including 1,115 RCC cases and 2,582 controls, and 1,417 bladder cancer cases and 1,732 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for major confounders. The median consumption of processed meat in cases and controls was around 2 portions/week (50 g/portion). The ORs for a daily 10 g increment of processed meat was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) for RCC and 1.00 (95% CI 0.94–1.06) for bladder cancer. The OR for the highest vs. the lowest consumption was 0.80 (95% CI 0.66–0.96) for RCC and 0.98 (95% CI 0.80–1.21) for bladder cancer. The ORs were consistent in strata of various covariates. For bladder cancer, however, a significant 23% excess risk was found in women (95% CI 1.03–1.47) for a daily increase of 10 g, significantly heterogeneous from the risk recorded in men (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–1.02). The inconsistent results between men and women and the absence of association in both sexes combined indicate that the apparent association between processed meat and bladder cancer in women is unlikely to be causal. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Background and AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent complication of HCV liver cirrhosis. The reduction of risk after the clearance of HCV-RNA is debated. The aim of our study was to detect the appearance of HCC during the follow-up after antiviral treatment with direct acting antiviral therapy.Patients and Methods: In four specialist Centers, 280 HCV patients were analyzed. The choice of the regimen was based on genotype and stage of liver disease. Abdomen ultrasonography was performed prior, at the end of therapy, and after six months. Biochemistry, BMI, presence of comorbidity, and any complications of related to cirrhosis were also evaluated.Results: Nine HCC were found by ultrasonography (5 cases at the end of therapy, 4 cases 3 months after the end of follow-up); in all cases, HCC was confirmed by a second level imaging examination (computed tomography or magnetic resonance). Characteristics of patients were: male (66.9%; range 56-77), BMI (median 25.4; range 21-40). Prevalence of diabetes was 55.2%. Genotypes were: 1b (6 patients), 1a (2 patients), 2a/2c (1 patient). The therapies were: sofosbuvir plus simeprevir (1 patient), sofosbuvir plus simeprevir plus ribavirin (2 patients), sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir plus ribavirin (2 patients), sofosbuvir plus ribavirin (2 patients), Viekirax + Exviera plus ribavirin (2 patient). One patient only experienced a viral relapse at week 12 after the end of therapy. The incidence of HCC was 3.2%.Conclusions: In patients with liver cirrhosis, even if HCV replication stops, a close follow-up with ultrasonography is mandatory. Since the cumulative incidence is high, a greater sample size is necessary to clarify if the interferon-free antiviral therapy had an influence on the onset of HCC.

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