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2. Symmetry as an Inter-Cultural Feature Constituting Beauty: Implicit and Explicit Beauty Evaluation of Visual Symmetry in Japan.

Author

Leder, Helmut, Mikuni, Jan, Kawabata, Hideaki, and Rosenberg, Raphael

Subjects
SYMMETRY, JAPANESE art, HABITUATION (Neuropsychology), ART exhibitions
Abstract

Symmetry has been recognized as one of the most important visual features to predict aesthetic preferences and was discussed as a potentially universal feature of beauty judgments. Recent studies have challenged such universality claims, by showing that art experts prefer asymmetric stimuli in explicit evaluations, suggesting that artistic training might modify the preference for symmetry. In the present study, we examine whether cultural habituation might also influence beauty judgments in regard to symmetry in abstract visual patterns. Given the traditional preference for asymmetry in Japanese art and design, we tested if Japanese participants (N = 31) evaluate symmetric abstract visual patterns as more beautiful than asymmetric ones in explicit and implicit (IAT) tasks. We found that Japanese participants clearly evaluated symmetric stimuli as more beautiful than asymmetric ones. We conclude that cultural habituation with asymmetry—in contrast to artistic training—did not cause higher beauty ratings for asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. How Do We Move in Front of Art? How Does This Relate to Art Experience? Linking Movement, Eye Tracking, Emotion, and Evaluations in a Gallery-Like Setting.

Author

Kühnapfel, Corinna, Fingerhut, Joerg, Brinkmann, Hanna, Ganster, Victoria, Tanaka, Takumi, Specker, Eva, Mikuni, Jan, Güldenpfennig, Florian, Gartus, Andreas, Rosenberg, Raphael, and Pelowski, Matthew

Subjects
EYE tracking, LITERATURE reviews, EMOTIONS, CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), PROOF of concept
Abstract

Embodied cognition claims that how we move our body is central for experience. Exploring dimensions of bodily engagement should, therefore, also be central for engaging art. However, little attention has been paid to the actual ways viewers move in front of art and how this impacts experiences. We aim to close this gap, using a new paradigm in a gallery-like setting in which we tracked movements of participants that engaged an abstract artwork. Guided by a literature review, we relate objective movement factors and subjective body awareness to mobile viewing behavior, art experience, and expertise. We also—for the first time—define shared movement patterns employing principal component/cluster analysis and relate these to experience outcomes, noting, for example, that moving more/more dynamically related to more reported insight. As a proof-of-concept paper, we hope to support a more embodied, enactive understanding of art engagements, and provide practical guidelines for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Novel Methods for Analysis and Visualization of Saccade Trajectories

Author

Kübler, Thomas, Fuhl, Wolfgang, Rosenberg, Raphael, Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Kasneci, Enkelejda, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Hua, Gang, editor, and Jégou, Hervé, editor

Published
2016
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10. Analysis of Eye Movements with Eyetrace

Author

Kübler, Thomas C., Sippel, Katrin, Fuhl, Wolfgang, Schievelbein, Guilherme, Aufreiter, Johanna, Rosenberg, Raphael, Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, Kasneci, Enkelejda, Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, Simone, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Du, Xiaoyong, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kara, Orhun, Series editor, Liu, Ting, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Fred, Ana, editor, Gamboa, Hugo, editor, and Elias, Dirk, editor

Published
2015
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11. How Do We Move in Front of Art? How Does This Relate to Art Experience? Linking Movement, Eye Tracking, Emotion, and Evaluations in a Gallery-Like Setting

Author

Kühnapfel, Corinna, primary, Fingerhut, Joerg, additional, Brinkman, Hanna, additional, Ganster, Victoria, additional, Tanaka, Takumi, additional, Specker, Eva, additional, Mikuni, Jan, additional, Güldenpfennig, Florian, additional, Gartus, Andreas, additional, Rosenberg, Raphael, additional, and Pelowski, Matthew, additional

Published
2023
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13. sj-docx-1-art-10.1177_02762374231160000 - Supplemental material for How Do We Move in Front of Art? How Does This Relate to Art Experience? Linking Movement, Eye Tracking, Emotion, and Evaluations in a Gallery-Like Setting

Author

Kühnapfel, Corinna, Fingerhut, Joerg, Brinkman, Hanna, Ganster, Victoria, Tanaka, Takumi, Specker, Eva, Mikuni, Jan, Güldenpfennig, Florian, Gartus, Andreas, Rosenberg, Raphael, and Pelowski, Matthew

Subjects
200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified, FOS: Other humanities
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-art-10.1177_02762374231160000 for How Do We Move in Front of Art? How Does This Relate to Art Experience? Linking Movement, Eye Tracking, Emotion, and Evaluations in a Gallery-Like Setting by Corinna Kühnapfel, Joerg Fingerhut, Hanna Brinkman, Victoria Ganster, Takumi Tanaka, Eva Specker, Jan Mikuni, Florian Güldenpfennig, Andreas Gartus, Raphael Rosenberg and Matthew Pelowski in Empirical Studies of the Arts

Published
2023
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14. Bildwissenschaften

Author

Altekamp, Stefan, Schäuble, Michaela, Günzel, Stephan, Bedö, Viktor, Richtmeyer, Ulrich, Hensel, Thomas, Goppelsröder, Fabian, Molkenthin, Nora, Schinzel, Britta, Hennig, Jochen, Dörner, Olaf, Rosenberg, Raphael, Leder, Helmut, Stoellger, Philipp, Adorf, Sigrid, Brandes, Kerstin, Busch, Kathrin, Heraeus, Stefanie, Noeske, Nina, Tischer, Matthias, Günzel, Stephan, editor, Mersch, Dieter, editor, and Kümmerling, Franziska, editor

Published
2014
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15. The Universality of Aesthetic Effects: An Empirical and Historical Assessment of a Persistent Idea.

Author

Boddy, Jane, Brinkmann, Hanna, Specker, Eva, Forster, Michael, Leder, Helmut, and Rosenberg, Raphael

Subjects
NINETEENTH century, ART history, AESTHETICS, EMPIRICAL research, NINETEEN sixties
Abstract

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft (ZÄK) is the property of Felix Meiner Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023

17. Eye tracking and visual arts. Introduction to the special thematic issue

Author

Rosenberg, Raphael and Groner, Rudolf

Subjects
eye movements, Ophthalmology, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, visual arts, eye tracking, Sensory Systems, art
Abstract

There is no visual art without the eye, just like no music without the ear. Visual art does not happen in the eye, but it has to go through the eye. Even for artworks with little visual focus, as in Conceptual Art, we need eyes to create and receive them. In order to see we need to move our eyes. It is therefore not surprising that, for centuries, the eye and its movements have been a major topic of literature on art. It is equally unsurprising that along recent technological improvements of eye tracking, this technology has become prolific for studying visual arts. This special issue of the Journal of Eye Movement Research is the first platform that provides a broad picture of recent developments in this area. In this introduction we present a history of eye movement in art literature, followed by a sketch of some of the oculometric parameters used for studies of visual art. In the third section we showcase each contribution to this special issue.

Published
2022

21. How do we move in front of art? How does this relate to art experience? Linking movement, eye tracking, emotion, and evaluations in an ecologically-valid gallery setting

Author

Kühnapfel, Corinna, primary, Fingerhut, Joerg, additional, Brinkmann, Hanna, additional, Ganster, Victoria, additional, Tanaka, Takumi, additional, Specker, Eva, additional, Mikuni, Jan, additional, Güldenpfennig, Florian, additional, Gartus, Andreas, additional, Rosenberg, Raphael, additional, and Pelowski, Matthew, additional

Published
2022
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26. Analysis of Eye Movements with Eyetrace

Author

Kübler, Thomas C., primary, Sippel, Katrin, additional, Fuhl, Wolfgang, additional, Schievelbein, Guilherme, additional, Aufreiter, Johanna, additional, Rosenberg, Raphael, additional, Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, additional, and Kasneci, Enkelejda, additional

Published
2015
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30. Delineating the history of art literature by genre: Julius von Schlosser revisited

Author

Rosenberg, Raphael

Subjects
julius von schlosser, albert dresdner, Anthropology, art discourse, Arts in general, art criticism, art literature, literary genres, treatises on the arts, NX1-820, GN1-890
Abstract

Julius von Schlosser’s Die Kunstliteratur (1924) is a monumental handbook that has been used by generations of art historians. The present paper provides the first systematic analysis of its genesis alongside Schlosser’s biography from 1891 on – his objectives, his path and his doubts. Schlosser redefined the study of written sources in art history by shifting the focus to literary texts. He distanced himself from the study of archival documents (which tended to serve the histories of individual artworks) and instead sought to gain broader knowledge of the ‘spirit’ of each epoch. Around 1922 he envisioned a more modern ‘theory and history of art historiography’, although nothing ever came of it. The second part of the paper shows that, even before 1924, there were attempts to write histories of art literature with sources organised by literary genres and not, as with Schlosser, according to epochs. It argues that the following categories had a major impact on the artistic discourse in early modern Europe: treatises on the arts, artist biographies, histories of artistic monuments, monographs on single artworks, poetry about artworks, topographical works, collection and exhibition catalogues, and art criticism.

Published
2021
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32. Does ‘action viewing’ really exist? Perceived dynamism and viewing behaviour

Author

Brinkmann, Hanna, Williams, Louis, McSorley, Eugene, and Rosenberg, Raphael

Abstract

Throughout the 20th century, there have been many different forms of abstract painting. While works by some artists, e.g., Piet Mondrian, are usually described as static, others are described as dynamic, such as Jackson Pollock’s ‘action paintings’. Art historians have assumed that beholders not only conceptualise such differences in depicted dynamics but also mirror these in their viewing behaviour. In an interdisciplinary eye-tracking study, we tested this concept through investigating both the localisation of fixations (polyfocal viewing) and the average duration of fixations as well as saccade velocity, duration and path curvature. We showed 30 different abstract paintings to 40 participants — 20 laypeople and 20 experts (art students) — and used self-reporting to investigate the perceived dynamism of each painting and its relationship with (a) the average number and duration of fixations, (b) the average number, duration and velocity of saccades as well as the amplitude and curvature area of saccade paths, and (c) pleasantness and familiarity ratings. We found that the average number of fixations and saccades, saccade velocity, and pleasantness ratings increase with an increase in perceived dynamism ratings. Meanwhile the saccade duration decreased with an increase in perceived dynamism. Additionally, the analysis showed that experts gave higher dynamic ratings compared to laypeople and were more familiar with the artworks. These results indicate that there is a correlation between perceived dynamism in abstract painting and viewing behaviour — something that has long been assumed by art historians but had never been empirically supported.

Published
2020

33. Testing a calibration-free eye tracker prototype at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna

Author

Dare, Zoya, Brinkmann, Hanna, and Rosenberg, Raphael

Subjects
Media and communication studies, Human anatomy, QM1-695, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, viewing time, paintings, eye tracking in museums, Research Article, art
Abstract

Eye tracking research in art viewership is often conducted in a laboratory setting where reproductions must be used in place of original art works and the viewing environment is less natural than in a museum. Recent technological developments have made museum studies possible but head-mounted eye tracking gear and interruptions by researchers still influence the experience of the viewer. In order to find a more ecologically valid way of recording eye movements while viewing artworks, we employed a prototype of a calibration-free remote eye tracker hidden below selected paintings at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Museum visitors were unaware of the study and informed post hoc that we had registered their viewing behavior and asked to give consent for the use of their data. This article presents the study design as well as results from over 800 participants. While the data quality from the eye tracker prototype was not sufficient to conduct the intended analysis on within-painting gaze movements, this study might serve as a step towards an unobtrusive examination of the art viewing experience. It was possible to analyze time spent viewing paintings and those results show that certain paintings consistently drew significantly more prolonged attention from viewers.

Published
2020

43. Lemmata

Author

Steinle, Friedrich, primary, Fessner, Michael, additional, Bartels, Christoph, additional, Farrenkopf, Michael, additional, Küpper-Eichas, Claudia, additional, Laufer, Johannes, additional, Marquardt, Bernd, additional, Westermann, Angelika, additional, Reininghaus, Wilfried, additional, Sokoll, Thomas, additional, Bruning, Jens, additional, Gestrich, Andreas, additional, Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla, additional, van Leeuwen, M. H. D., additional, Lesger, C., additional, Behringer, Wolfgang, additional, Jarzebowski, Claudia, additional, Labouvie, Eva, additional, Haferkamp, Hans-Peter, additional, Marshall, Peter, additional, Pelzer-Reith, Birgit, additional, Ammerer, Gerhard, additional, Ehmer, Josef, additional, Simon, Thomas, additional, Oestmann, Peter, additional, Schwöbel, Christoph, additional, Czapla, Ralf Georg, additional, Tschopp, Silvia Serena, additional, Schneider, Hans, additional, Christophersen, Alf, additional, Beutel, Albrecht, additional, Walter, Peter, additional, Bryner, Erich, additional, Füssel, Stephan, additional, Simon, Holger, additional, Himmelheber, Georg, additional, Geffcken, Hermann, additional, Reinholdt, Katharina, additional, Rosenberg, Raphael, additional, Brückner, Wolfgang, additional, Bangerter-Schmid, Eva-Maria, additional, Leinweber, Luise, additional, Myssok, Johannes, additional, Buczynski, Bodo, additional, Hegener, Nicole, additional, Appuhn-Radtke, Sibylle, additional, Walther, Gerrit, additional, Fahrmeir, Andreas, additional, Grosser, Thomas, additional, Albert, Claudia, additional, Hardtwig, Wolfgang, additional, Lottes, Günther, additional, Schneider, Konrad, additional, Heidbrink, Ingo, additional, Vlehöver, Vera, additional, Toepfer, Georg, additional, Wendebourg, Dorothea, additional, Keller, Katrin, additional, Wassilowsky, Günther, additional, Buchner, Thomas, additional, Kraschewski, Hans-Joachim, additional, Weitensfelder, Hubert, additional, Reith, Reinhold, additional, Hochadel, Oliver, additional, Eckart, Wolfgang U., additional, Gudermann, Rita, additional, Troßbach, Werner, additional, Brakensiek, Stefan, additional, Nolte, Hans-Heinrich, additional, Null, John Ashley, additional, Walter, Rolf, additional, Müller-Wille, Staffan, additional, Beyrer, Klaus, additional, Tischer, Anuschka, additional, Holbach, Rudolf, additional, König, Hans-Joachim, additional, Neubert, Frank, additional, Carl, Horst, additional, Nordloh, Philipp, additional, Meyer, Torsten, additional, Elkar, Rainer S., additional, Spode, Hasso, additional, Wunder, Heide, additional, Bleidick, Dietmar, additional, Konersmann, Frank, additional, Vellusig, Robert, additional, Grillmeyer, Siegfried, additional, Bley, Helmut, additional, Hirschfelder, Gunther, additional, Bühler, Dirk, additional, Galley, Susanne, additional, Ruhland, Florian, additional, Morét, Stefan, additional, Weyrauch, Erdmann, additional, Groh, Ruth, additional, Elkar, Rainer, additional, Sauder, Gerhard, additional, Denzel, Markus A., additional, Schneider, Ute, additional, Telesko, Werner, additional, Gentz, Joachim, additional, Niefanger, Dirk, additional, Ball-Krückmann, Babette, additional, Illert, Martin, additional, Härter, Karl, additional, Kaiser, Michael, additional, Fassbender, Bardo, additional, Bruckmüller, Ernst, additional, Esser, Raingard, additional, Schmale, Wolfgang, additional, Dane, Gesa, additional, Albrecht, Clemens, additional, Löhnig, Martin, additional, Grothe, Ewald, additional, Berg, Sebastian, additional, Zitzlsperger, Philipp, additional, Bendlage, Andrea, additional, Körndle, Franz, additional, Koch, Ernst, additional, Pfister, Ulrich, additional, Dubowy, Norbert, additional, Lindmayr-Brandl, Andrea, additional, Lehmann-Brauns, Sicco, additional, Riekenberg, Michael, additional, Schneider, Herbert, additional, Torres, Max Sebastián Hering, additional, Brandt, Hartwig, additional, Müller, Uwe, additional, Priesner, Claus, additional, Meinel, Christoph, additional, Großhans, Hans-Peter, additional, Mittag, Achim, additional, Bischoff, Cordula, additional, Brusniak, Friedhelm, additional, Hiley, David, additional, Rüther, Kirsten, additional, Hirzel, Martin Ernst, additional, Sparn, Walter, additional, Riegg, Ernst, additional, Rossum, Gerhard Dohrn-van, additional, Pfister, Laurent, additional, Schlosser, Hans, additional, Bechtloff, Dagmar, additional, Wollny, Peter, additional, Mehnert, Henning, additional, Reimann, Mathias, additional, Asch, Ronald G., additional, Schröder, Jan, additional, Bremer, Kai, additional, Kanz, Roland, additional, Vec, Miloš, additional, Potz, Richard, additional, Kolk, Caroline Zum, additional, Koch, Lucia, additional, Butler, Todd, additional, Weber, Wolfhard, additional, Scholl, Lars-Ulrich, additional, Hofer, Sibylle, additional, Graf, Friedrich Wilhelm, additional, Krems, Eva-Bettina, additional, Metz, Rainer, additional, Fischer, Norbert, additional, Schippan, Michael, additional, Jansen, Nils, additional, Herold-Schmidt, Hedwig, additional, Rinke, Stefan, additional, Erben, Dietrich, additional, Lieb, Stefanie, additional, North, Michael, additional, Rasche, Ulrich, additional, Sikora, Michael, additional, Weber, Wolfgang E. J., additional, Evers, Dirk, additional, Kohl, Gerald, additional, Derndarsky, Michael, additional, Klippel, Diethelm, additional, Schwerhoff, Gerd, additional, Kaiser, Jochen-Christoph, additional, Wiesinger, Peter, additional, Viereck, Wolfgang, additional, Stellmacher, Dieter, additional, Müller, Gernot Michael, additional, Mayer, Ruth, additional, Haußig, Hans-Michael, additional, Detken, Anke, additional, Parr, Rolf, additional, Kahl, Karoline, additional, Blessing, Bettina, additional, Epple, Moritz, additional, Jahnke, Hans Niels, additional, Brakensiek, Stephan, additional, Wagner, Michael, additional, Hinrichsen, Hans-Joachim, additional, Gierl, Martin, additional, Asche, Matthias, additional, Friedrich, Martin, additional, Wasmuth, Jennifer, additional, Ebert, Jochen, additional, Schildt, Bernd, additional, Hahl, Werner, additional, Sensen, Stephan, additional, Arend, Stefanie, additional, Mende, Michael, additional, Mohnhaupt, Heinz, additional, Weichenhan, Michael, additional, Frevert, Ute, additional, Glaser, Rüdiger, additional, and Tyczewski, Sebastian, additional

Published
2005
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49. The art of pervasive eye tracking

Author

Santini, Thiago, primary, Brinkmann, Hanna, additional, Reitstätter, Luise, additional, Leder, Helmut, additional, Rosenberg, Raphael, additional, Rosenstiel, Wolfgang, additional, and Kasneci, Enkelejda, additional

Published
2018
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