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The article presents a list of selected abstracts published in various issues of the periodical "Journal of Economic Literature." Some topics included in the list are general economics, theory, history, system, economic growth, development, planning, fluctuations, quantitative economic methods and data, domestic monetary and fiscal theory and institutions, international economics, administration, business finance, marketing, accounting, industrial organization, technological change, industry studies, agriculture, natural resources and manpower, labor and population. In the article "The Emergence and Effects of Social Norms: A Confrontation of Some Hypotheses of Sociology and Economics," by K.D. Opp this paper aims at confronting some sociological and economic hypotheses on norms. At first some sociological hypotheses, which are frequently stated in the literature, are clarified and criticized. In the article "Knowledge and the Role of Institutions in Economic Theory," L.A. Boland argues that unless the dynamic nature of institutions is properly explained, no explanation of evolutionary economics can ever succeed. In particular, the neoclassical view of the nature and role of institutions either is inherently incapable of dealing with the questions of dynamics or it is outrightly inconsistent.

The article discusses a study which assessed changes in medical errors and preventable adverse events in nine hospitals following the implementation of a handoff program. Topics covered the methods used in measuring error rates as well as the assessment of handoffs and workflow, and the results showing the decrease in medical-error rate and preventable adverse events and no negative effect on workflow following the implementation of the program.

Objective: To examine linguistic disparities between English- and Spanish-speaking patients in access to care, satisfaction, and telehealth appointment attendance., Design: Retrospective study recording demographics for non-attendance analysis and conducting phone surveys assessing satisfaction with telehealth., Setting: Data was collected between March and December 2020 at the UCSF Craniofacial Center (CFC), a multidisciplinary pediatric clinic. Patients: English- and Spanish-speaking patients with a telehealth appointment. Interventions: The CFC offered language-concordant outreach, assistance with the telehealth platform, and interpreters at all telehealth appointments., Main Outcome Measures: Demographics and patient-reported satisfaction with telehealth, barriers, and instruction clarity., Results: Medicaid insurance was the only predictor of non-attendance. Surveys revealed that Spanish-speakers had 12.4 times the odds of lacking access to telehealth technology and 10.7 times the odds of needing help with logging on compared to English-speakers. There were no significant differences in satisfaction outcomes., Conclusions: We attribute this equity in satisfaction to our language-concordant outreach efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: To develop consensus-based algorithms for genetic testing in patients with common craniofacial conditions., Design: An online collaborative consisting of online meetings, independent work, and feedback across groups. Setting/Participants: A collaborative of genetics and pediatrics providers from three regional craniofacial centers (four institutions)., Methods: Collaborative participants agreed upon a shared initial framework, developed algorithms independently, and presented/tested the algorithms with a national audience. Algorithms were modified based on consensus feedback., Results: The collaborative group developed final algorithms for genetic testing in patients with orofacial cleft, branchial arch conditions, and craniosynostosis., Conclusions: Timely and accurate diagnosis of genetic conditions can support medical management recommendations that result in safer surgical interventions. Algorithms can help guide best-practices for testing, particularly in institutions without easy access to genetics providers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Alignment between graduate medical education (GME) and health system priorities is foundational to meaningful engagement of residents and fellows in systems improvement work within the clinical learning environment. The Residents and Fellows Leading Interprofessional Continuous Improvement Teams program at the University of California San Francisco was designed over a decade ago to address barriers to trainee participation in health system-based improvement work. The program provides structure and support for health system-aligned trainee-led improvement projects in the clinic learning environment. Project champions (residents/fellows) from GME programs attend workshops where they learn improvement methodologies and develop proposals for health system-based improvement projects for their training programs. Proposals are supported by local faculty mentors and are reviewed and approved by GME and health systems' leaders. During the academic year, teams share their progress using visual management boards and interactive leader rounds. The health system provides a modest financial incentive for successful projects. Since the program's inception, thousands of trainees from 58 residency and fellowship programs have participated either as champions or participants in the program at least once, and in total over 300 projects have been implemented. Approximately three-quarters of the specific improvement goals were met, all projects meaningfully engaged residents and fellows, and many projects continued after the learners graduated. This active partnership between GME and a health system created a symbiotic relationship; trainees received education and support to complete improvement projects, while the health system reaped additional benefits from the alignment and impact of the projects. This partnership continues to grow with steady increases in participating programs, spread to partner health systems, and scholarship for trainees and faculty., (Copyright © 2023 the American College of Medical Quality.)

Background and Objectives: Patient and Family Centered I-PASS (PFC I-PASS) emphasizes family and nurse engagement, health literacy, and structured communication on family-centered rounds organized around the I-PASS framework (Illness severity-Patient summary-Action items-Situational awareness-Synthesis by receiver). We assessed adherence, safety, and experience after implementing PFC I-PASS using a novel "Mentor-Trio" implementation approach with multidisciplinary parent-nurse-physician teams coaching sites., Methods: Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation study from 2/29/19-3/13/22 with ≥3 months of baseline and 12 months of postimplementation data collection/site across 21 US community and tertiary pediatric teaching hospitals. We conducted rounds observations and surveyed nurses, physicians, and Arabic/Chinese/English/Spanish-speaking patients/parents., Results: We conducted 4557 rounds observations and received 2285 patient/family, 1240 resident, 819 nurse, and 378 attending surveys. Adherence to all I-PASS components, bedside rounding, written rounds summaries, family and nurse engagement, and plain language improved post-implementation (13.0%-60.8% absolute increase by item), all P < .05. Except for written summary, improvements sustained 12 months post-implementation. Resident-reported harms/1000-resident-days were unchanged overall but decreased in larger hospitals (116.9 to 86.3 to 72.3 pre versus early- versus late-implementation, P = .006), hospitals with greater nurse engagement on rounds (110.6 to 73.3 to 65.3, P < .001), and greater adherence to I-PASS structure (95.3 to 73.6 to 72.3, P < .05). Twelve of 12 measures of staff safety climate improved (eg, "excellent"/"very good" safety grade improved from 80.4% to 86.3% to 88.0%), all P < .05. Patient/family experience and teaching were unchanged., Conclusions: Hospitals successfully used Mentor-Trios to implement PFC I-PASS. Family/nurse engagement, safety climate, and harms improved in larger hospitals and hospitals with better nurse engagement and intervention adherence. Patient/family experience and teaching were not affected., (Copyright © 2024 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)

This study sought to identify disparities in the timing of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) surgery and the replacement strategy for missing maxillary lateral incisors for patients with clefts., A retrospective record review identified patients who underwent ABG. Multivariable regression analyzed the independent contribution of each variable., This institutional study was performed at the University of California, San Francisco., Patients who presented under age 12 and underwent secondary ABG between 2012 and 2020 (n = 160)., The age at secondary ABG and the recommended dental replacement treatment for each patient, either dental implantation or canine substitution., The average age at ABG was 10.8 ± 2.1 years, 106 (66.3%) patients were not White, and 80 (50.0%) had private insurance. Independent predictors of older age at ABG included an income below $ 50 000 as estimated from ZIP code (β = 15.0 months, 95% CI, 5.7-24.3, P  = .002) and identifying as a race other than White (β = 10.1 months, 95% CI, 2.1-18.0, P  = .01). After ABG, patients were more likely to undergo dental implantation over canine substitution if they were female (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.3-17.1, P  = .02) or had private insurance (OR = 12.5, 95% CI, 2.2-143.2, P  = .01)., Patients who were low-income or not White experienced delays in ABG, whereas dental implantation was more likely to be recommended for patients with private insurance. Understanding the sources of disparities in dental reconstruction of cleft deformities may reveal opportunities to improve equity.