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Objectives: Competency based clinical training in most of the dental schools in Saudi Arabia incorporates a clear rubrics for evaluation of clinical procedure where use of rubber dam is one of the criteria to be effectively fulfilled by the students. The present study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice towards the use of rubber dam by dental students and interns of various dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the dental students of various Saudi university through google form during January 2022 to March 2022. A pretested questionnaire in a 5 point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (score 5) to strongly disagree (score 1) containing three sections (each containing 10 questions) to measure knowledge, attitude and practice towards use of rubber dam was used. The questionnaire for barriers for rubber dam use included 5 items. The Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc was used to compare the responses between the male and female students and dental students of difference academic levels. Results: Total of 273 valid responses were received (189 (69.23%) male and 84 (30.77%) female). The overall average Likert score for knowledge about rubber dam among dental students was 3.45 (± 1.2). The overall average Likert score for questionnaire items assessing attitude of dental students about rubber dam was 3.81 (± 0.9). The respective overall average score for male and female dental students for their attitude towards rubber dam was 3.32 (±0.8) and 4.30 (±0.11) with p = 0.04. The overall average Likert score for practice items was 3.73 (±0.8)(Table 4,Fig-2). The respective overall average score for male and female dental students for practice of rubber dam was 3.13 (±1.1) and 4.33 (±0.8) with p = 0.03. For the questionnaire items assessing the barriers for using rubber dam, the average score for unavailability of suitable rubber dam clamp and patient refuse both scored 4.3. Conclusion: The finding suggest that the dental students have adequate knowledge and training for rubber dam use. The attitude and practice towards consistent use of rubber dam should be reinforced through proper motivation. A future research with a larger sample size and patients feedback on rubber dam will be helpful.

Background. Dental/oral diseases are one of the significant public health problems globally. Herbal medicines for managing oral diseases are considered an effective alternative to synthetic compounds due to their lower side effect. Azadirachta indica, Terminalia chebula, Camellia sinensis, and Piper nigrum are used to control and prevent oral inflammations in dentistry. In this study, we have evaluated the protease inhibition activity of these plant extracts, and further, the binding mode of the active ingredient of these plants with trypsin was studied using molecular docking. Methods. In this study, protease inhibition activity was carried out using aqueous extracts of the plant parts such as Azadirachta indica (neem) twig, Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) fruit, Camellia sinensis (green tea) powder, and Piper nigrum (kali miri) seed. Next, to explore the binding mode of active ingredients azadirachtin, chebuligenic acid, catechin, and piperine with trypsin, we employed a molecular docking study using AutoDock4.2. Results. The results revealed that the Azadirachta indica plant extract showed an IC50 value of 96.19 μg mL-1, Camellia sinensis IC50 value of 188.50 μg mL-1, Piper nigrum IC50 value of 371.20 μg mL-1, and Terminalia chebula IC50 value of 639.48 μg mL-1, when compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium, had IC50 value 93.00 μg mL-1. Further, the docking result reveals that all the main active ingredients of these plants have significant binding affinity and prefer the same binding pocket of trypsin. Conclusion. Hence, our results show the importance of traditional plants Azadirachta indica, Terminalia chebula, green tea, and Piper nigrum to control oral disease conditions. As they show significant protease inhibition activity, hence, the active ingredient could act as a potential anti-inflammatory agent and further help to prevent or control oral disease conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

In this paper, we describe generalized fractional integral operator and its inverse with generalized Bessel-Maitland function (BMF-Ⅴ) as its kernel. We discuss its convergence, boundedness, its relation with other well known fractional operators (Saigo fractional integral operator, Riemann-Liouville fractional operator), and establish its integral transform. Moreover, we have given the relationship of BMF-Ⅴ with Mittag-Leffler functions.

AIM To digitally evaluate the marginal adaptation of different types of all-ceramic crowns on two different marginal configurations such as Shoulder and Chamfer of the prepared teeth. METHODS The marginal fit of the crown specimens on the model of the prepared teeth were assessed using the dual scan replica technique. Two plastic teeth were prepared; one having a Shoulder finishing line (A), while the other with a Chamfer finish line (B). Three types of different all-ceramic crowns, layered zirconia, monolithic zirconia, and pressed lithium disilicate, were fabricated for each prepared tooth (A) and (B). Measurements for assessing the marginal discrepancy were done on four designated points on the mesial, distal, buccal, and palatal surface of the superimposed image. RESULTS The average marginal gap was the largest in the layered zirconia group, followed by monolithic zirconia, while pressed lithium disilicate crowns showed the least marginal gaps. Crowns with Chamfer finish lines were better fitting (less marginal gap) than the shoulder finish lines across all the groups. CONCLUSIONS Chamfer finish lines produced better fitting restorations, and heat-pressed lithium disilicate crowns showed better adaptation at the margins than both layered zirconia and monolithic zirconia.

BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a frequently encountered oral condition that varies from mild opacities to posteruptive enamel breakdown. No previous published studies have investigated the frequency of MIH and associated risk factors among children with special health care needs (CSHCN) to our awareness. OBJECTIVES: Assess the frequency of MIH and associated risk factors among CSHCN. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Schools in provincial city of Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 400 (180 boys and 220 girls) special needs children. Diagnosis of MIH was according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Result of logistic regression analysis that assessed the association between MIH prevalence and associated prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. SAMPLE SIZE: 400 (180 boys and 220 girls) special needs children. RESULTS: Among 400 CSHCN, 98 (24.5%) presented with MIH. Children with multiple disabilities had a 3.89 times greater risk of MIH (95% CI: 1.91–6.19, P =.002). Children with positive prenatal factors had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.31 times for MIH (95% CI: 1.22–4.73, P =.012). Children with a childhood infection history had an aOR of 2.43 times for MIH (95% CI: 1.31–5.85, P =.014). Children with a breastfeeding history >18 months had an aOR of 3.73 for MIH (95% CI: 1.62–8.60, P =.002). Permanent maxillary first molars were the most frequently affected teeth, and demarcated opacity was the most frequent MIH type. CONCLUSION: MIH should be recognized as one of the prevalent oral health problems among CSHCN to prevent tooth mortality. LIMITATIONS: A cross-sectional study cannot establish a causal relationship. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.

Naveed Ahmed,1 Mohmed Isaqali Karobari,2– 4 Anam Yousaf,5 Roshan Noor Mohamed,6 Sohaib Arshad,7 Syed Nahid Basheer,8 Syed Wali Peeran,9 Tahir Yusuf Noorani,4 Ali A Assiry,10 Abdulaziz S Alharbi,11 Chan Yean Yean1 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia; 2Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia; 3Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India; 4Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; 5Department of Pathology Laboratory, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan; 6Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 7Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; 8Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Periodontics, Armed Forces Hospital Jizan, Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 10Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 11Saudi Board of Pediatric Dentistry (SB-PD), King Fahad Military Medical Complex – KFMMC, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia, Email dr.isaq@gmail.com Chan Yean Yean, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia, Email yychan@usm.myAbstract: Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been one of the most commonly consumed herbal medicines for a long time to treat several common diseases. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and many bioactive compounds in ginger have been identified previously, which could be used as an alternative method to treat many infectious diseases.Methods: The current study evaluates ginger’s biochemical profile using qualitative and quantitative analysis and its bioactive potentials using antioxidant and antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans and selective oral microbes. HPLC analysis was performed for the quantitative analysis. DPPH and disc diffusion assays were used for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity was checked against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. All solvents were removed by rotary evaporation before testing the dried extracts.Results: The observed IC50 value showed that distilled water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (43.9), followed by ethanol extract (52.4), and the lowest activity was observed in n-butanol extract (91.2) and n-hexane (90.6). Different plant extracts have shown significant antibacterial activity (p = 0.001) against each bacterium. The highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed in n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts. In comparison, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts showed low antibacterial activity.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) against Gram-positive bacteria is an effective antimicrobial herb. Furthermore, it can be used as a potential natural source of antioxidants. Further studies on the toxicity analysis of ginger are recommended.Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, ginger, dental, oral microbes, herbal medicine, medicinal plants, healthy food

BACKGROUND: Special needs children are at a higher risk of dental trauma because of neurological, physical, mental, and behavioral impairments. They are also at higher risk of developing obesity due to the side effects of medication. OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and obesity in children with special health care needs. DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Schools for special needs children. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Special needs children with a diagnosis of TDI according to the Andreasen criteria were included in the study. Data on the disability status were obtained from a national demographic survey in 2016. Demographic and dental variables were measured for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse any relationship between TDI prevalence and obesity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship of body mass index (BMI) to TDI prevalence. SAMPLE SIZE: 350 (131 boys and 219 girls) special needs children with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.0 (2.0) years. RESULTS: Eighty-one (23.1%) children presented with TDIs. The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the entire study population was 24.7 (7.8). Children with obesity had a 30.3% TDI prevalence compared normal-weight children (20.6%) ( P =.035), but BMI category was not statistically significant in the regression analysis ( P =.541), which showed that children with an overjet of >3 mm were 4.82 times (CI: 2.55–9.09, P =.001) more likely to have TDI than children with an overjet of ≤3 mm. Those with inadequate lip coverage were 2.85 times (CI: 1.49–5.44, P =.002) more likely to have TDI. Children with cerebral palsy were 3.18 times (CI: 1.89–11.32, P =.024) more likely to have TDI than children with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study showed a significant association between TDI prevalence and increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of TDI among obese special needs children was statistically significant according to bivariate analysis, but not in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for other variables. LIMITATIONS: Causal relationship cannot be established with cross-sectional study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Early childhood caries (ECC) and childhood obesity are among the most prevalent health conditions affecting children. ECC is associated with obesity through the common risk factor of sugar consumption. The present study aimed to assess the association between ECC and obesity in preschool children.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1250 preschool children (698 girls, 552 boys; mean age: 4.3 [1.1] years). The children's body mass index was determined (BMI: weight/height in kg/m2). The World Health Organization criteria were used for the diagnosis of caries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between ECC prevalence and childhood obesity.ECC was detected in 929 (74.3%) children. The mean dmft and dmfs was 5.91 (1.13) and 8.92 (2.07) , respectively. The multiple regression model showed a statistically significant association between ECC prevalence and obesity with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.59 (95% CI: 1.88 - 3.57; P = 0.001). The logistic regression model showed that in children with a monthly family income$2666, sugar consumption, preterm low birth-weight/full-term low birth-weight (PTLBW/FTLBW), and toothbrushing frequency ≤ 1 time/day were statistically significantly associated with ECC prevalence.ECC was positively associated with obesity.

Dental/oral diseases are one of the significant public health problems globally. Herbal medicines for managing oral diseases are considered an effective alternative to synthetic compounds due to their lower side effect.In this study, protease inhibition activity was carried out using aqueous extracts of the plant parts such asThe results revealed that theHence, our results show the importance of traditional plants

The present systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of the self-assembling peptide (SAP) – P11-4 in the remineralization of enamel caries. The systematic search for studies was co...

Aim:Poor oral health and high caries prevalence in young adults in Saudi Arabia is the result of inadequate oral health knowledge and inappropriate oral health behavior. The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene behavior of young adult students pursuing professional courses in Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst the medical, dental, and pharmacy students of Taif University. A pretested self-administered questionnaire containing 20 questions was administered to the students, and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM, version 20 for Windows, SPSS Inc., Armonk, New York, USA). Descriptive analysis and difference in the association were measured by using the chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance was set at .05.Results:A total of 500 (287 males and 213 females) students were involved in the survey with the mean age of 23 ± 1.4 years. Fourteen percent of participants brushed at least twice daily with statistical significant gender difference ( P = .001). For the query regarding the reason for skipping tooth brushing often, 113 of total participants (22.6%) responded as no time for tooth brushing. A total of 93 participants (18.6%) responded that they have not visited any dentist in their life, with the statistical significant difference for gender being P = .001. The student who received dental treatment from private hospitals was 60.4 percent. Fifty-one percent of students responded that dental treatment is expensive. Sixty-one percent of participants responded for consuming sweet at least once in a day ( P = .04).Conclusion:The present study highlights the inconsistency in oral health behavior among the study participants, emphasizing on the need for oral health education of the population to improve oral health status.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the association between soft drink consumption, gastric reflux, dental erosion, and obesity among special care children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 350 special care children (male-131, female-219) mean age of 12.6 (± 2.6) years were included. Detection of dental erosion was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. The medical evaluation assessed body mass index (BMI). With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between dental erosion prevalence and obesity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall prevalence of dental erosion was 36%. Mean BMI for entire study population was 24.7 (± 7.8). Regression analysis showed strong association between dental erosion prevalence and consumption of soft drinks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8; 95% CI = 0.71-2.92, P

The purpose of this research paper is first to propose the generalized weighted-type fractional integrals. Then, we investigate some novel inequalities for a class of differentiable functions related to Chebyshev’s functionals by utilizing the proposed modified weighted-type fractional integral incorporating another function in the kernel F(θ). For the weighted and extended Chebyshev’s functionals, we also propose weighted fractional integral inequalities. With specific choices of ϖ(θ) and F(θ) as stated in the literature, one may easily study certain new inequalities involving all other types of weighted fractional integrals related to Chebyshev’s functionals. Furthermore, the inequalities for all other type of fractional integrals associated with Chebyshev’s functionals with certain choices of ϖ(θ) and F(θ) are covered from the obtained generalized weighted-type fractional integral inequalities.

The present prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary dentition among preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) children, incidence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the same cohorts, and to determine associations between PT-LBW, hypomineralization in primary second molars, and MIH. A total of 287 PTLBW study subjects and 290 control full-term normal birth weight subjects were followed up for 36 months. Enamel defects were recorded at baseline. The same cohorts were examined after 3 years for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multiple variable logistic regression models were developed. A total of 279 children (48.4%) presented with EH in primary dentition and 207 (35.9%) children presented with MIH. Children with primary second molar hypomineralization had 2.13 (R2 = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.98–4.19, p = 0.005) times higher frequency of MIH. Children with PT-LBW had 3.02 times (R2 = 0.31, 95% CI = 1.01–5.94, p = 0.005) higher frequency of MIH incidence after adjusting for childhood infection, prenatal history, and presence of hypomineralized primary second molars. To conclude, the present study showed significant association between PT-LBW, hypomineralized second primary molars, and incidence of MIH.

Dental erosion and childhood obesity are associated with a common risk factor, soft drink consumption. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of dental erosion and its association with obesity among children with and without special healthcare needs.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,200 school children (400 children with special needs (CSHN) and 800 children without special needs) in the age group of 6 to 16 years. Dental erosion was diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Body mass index (BMI; weight/height in kg/m2) was recorded for each child. The association of dental erosion and obesity was analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.A total of 331 (27.6%) children presented with dental erosion. Dental erosion prevalence among CSHN was 33.5% and among children without special needs was 24.6%. In the final fully adjusted model, children with obesity presented 2.32 times (95%CI 1.17-4.89, P = 0.001) higher odds ratio (OR) of having dental erosion than normal-weight children. Children who consumed soft drinks ≥ 1 time/day and 2-6 times a week presented with an OR of 2.65 (95%CI 1.23-5.21, P = 0.001) times of dental erosion. Children with chronic vomiting and bulimia presented with a 3.27 (95%CI 1.72-6.12, P = 0.001) times higher OR of dental erosion. Children with gastric reflux presented with a 3.21 (95%CI 1.52 - 5.86, P = 0.001) times higher OR of dental erosion.The prevalence of dental erosion was slightly higher for special needs children compared to children without special needs. The study outcome suggests that obesity, chronic vomiting, consumption of soft drinks, and gastric reflux are statistically significantly associated with dental erosion.

This paper investigates the solitary wave solutions for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation with six different nonlinearities with the essence of the generalized classical derivative, which is known as the beta derivative. The aforementioned nonlinearities are known as the Kerr law, power, dual power law, triple power law, quadratic–cubic law and anti-cubic law. The dark, bright, singular and combinations of these solutions are retrieved using an efficient, simple integration scheme. These solutions suggest that this method is more simple, straightforward and reliable compared to existing methods in the literature. The novelty of this paper is that the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation is investigated in different nonlinear media using a novel derivative operator. Furthermore, the numerical simulation for certain solutions is also presented.

The prevalence of erosive tooth wear and obesity are high in psychiatric patients and soft drink consumption is a common risk factor associated with both diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between soft drink consumption, gastric reflux, erosive tooth wear, and obesity among resident patients at the Psychiatric Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia.This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 223 adult psychiatric inpatients (126 male, 97 female) with a mean age of 42.3 years (± 2.2). Dental erosion detection was performed according to World Health Organization criteria. The medical evaluation included assessment of the body mass index (BMI). With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between erosive tooth wear, gastric reflux, and obesity were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.Ninety eight patients (43.9%) presented with erosive tooth wear. The mean BMI for the entire study population was 27.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2. Regression analysis showed a strong association between erosive tooth wear and chronic vomiting or bulimia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.98-5.07, P .001), gastric reflux (adjusted odds ratio = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.34-6.23, P .001), consumption of soft drinks (adjusted odds ratio = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.03-6.08, P .001), and schizophrenia and delusional disorders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.98-5.08, P .001).This study demonstrates a significant association between erosive tooth wear prevalence and chronic vomiting or bulimia, consumption of soft drinks, and gastric reflux among resident patients at psychiatric hospital.

Combining the pure α- and β-phases of bismuth oxide enhances its photocatalytic activity under both visible and solar irradiation. α-Bi

Objectives To provide collective quantitative evidence about the effect of surface treatments on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews (MSs). Materials and Methods The study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020209652). The research question was defined according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format. Various research databases were searched for animal and human studies on effects of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of MSs. Both prospective and retrospective in vivo clinical studies published in English were included. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Results A total of 109 articles were identified; 14 were included in the systematic review, and seven studies with sandblasting, acid etching (SLA) methods of surface treatment were included for meta-analysis. The number of study participants ranged from 6 to 24 (total n = 185), with a mean of 13.2. A total of 949 MSs were used with a mean of 67.8. The overall success rate for surface-treated MSs ranged from 47.9% to 100%. Forest plot of removal torque values showed significantly higher values for SLA surface-treated MSs compared with controls with a standard mean difference of 2.61 (95% confidence interval = 1.49–3.72, I2 = 85%). Forest plot of insertion torque showed a standard mean difference of –6.19 (95% confidence interval = –13.63–1.25, I2 = 98%, P = .10). Conclusions Surface treatment of MSs improved primary and secondary stability with good osseointegration at the bone-implant surface. However, significant heterogeneity across the studies included in the meta-analysis made it difficult to draw conclusions.

Obesity and dental caries constitute an important public health problem worldwide. Special-needs children are at higher risk of developing dental caries and obesity because of their physical, neurological, or behavioural impairment or due to side effects of the medications they take. The present study was conducted to assess the association between dental caries and obesity among children with special health care needs in Taif City, Saudi Arabia.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 (220 girls and 180 boys) special-needs children. Body mass index (BMI) was determined by using height and weight measurements. Dental caries was recorded according to World Health Organization criteria. The association between caries and obesity was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.289 (72.3%) children presented with caries with mean dmft and DMFT of 3.9 ± 2.7 and 4.8 ± 2.3, respectively. Regression analysis showed specials needs children were at a greater risk of having dental caries: 1.69 times (CI: 0.18-2.62, p0.05) greater with obesity; 2.01 (CI: 0.18-3.09, p0.05) times greater with sugar consumption; 2.21 times (CI: 1.27-4.12, p0.001) greater with cerebral palsy; and 2.27 (CI: 1.29-5.12, p0.001) times greater with intellectual disability.The present study showed a positive association between dental caries and obesity among children of special health care needs. Hence, a focused approach towards the common risk factors is essential to prevent both obesity and dental caries in special-needs children.

The present systematic review was conducted to investigate the effect of the self-assembling peptide (SAP) - PThe systematic search for studies was conducted through CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsychINFO, and various key journals. This review was conducted in adherence to PRISMA standards and was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019110156. The methodological quality of the studies was graded through Cochrane's tool of risk of bias in non-randomized studies - of interventions (ROBINS-I).In total, 91 studies were identified for screening, and 12 studies were eligible. Ten studies showed effective enamel remineralization with PTo conclude, the present study results showed SAP- P

Undoubtedly, all applied sciences are closely corresponding to differential equations, especially partial differential equations. This contribution aims to examine the efficiency of a modified version of the generalized exponential rational function method in solving some well-known nonlinear evolution equations. The investigated models in this article include the Zakharov-Kuznetsov, the cubic Boussinesq, and the modified regularized long-wave equation. In the structure of these solutions, various familiar elementary functions, including exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions are used. This important feature makes it easy to use these solutions in real applications. Numerical behaviors corresponding to the obtained solutions have been demonstrated through some three-dimensional diagrams in the article. This technique can be also adopted in determining wave soliton solution to other equations with partial derivatives.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of cavity size on the survival of conventional and CHX modified GIC in single surface primary molars receiving Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). A randomized controlled trial with a split-mouth design was conducted on 90 children with symmetrical bilateral single surface carious lesions on primary molars. The teeth were randomly allotted to the conventional GIC group (group 1, n = 90) and CHX modified GIC group (group 2, n = 90). Both groups received atraumatic restorative treatment under rubber dam isolation. The cavity size was measured in terms of depth, mesiodistal, and buccolingual dimensions. The survival of ART restorations was measured after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The difference in proportion was tested using the Kruskal–Wallis H test, and survival curve estimation was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method. The overall survival of all ART restorations was 83.3% at 24 months for the total sample. The survival of conventional GIC at 24 months was 83.9%, and for CHX-modified GIC was 82.7% (p &gt, 0.05). The collective overall success of 65.1% was seen in the cavity volume category of 10–29.9 mm3. CHX modified GIC showed high survival percentage (60%) with depth &gt, 3 mm. To conclude, no significant difference was observed in the overall survival percentage of conventional and CHX modified GIC. Survival percentage was highest for cavities with a volume of 10–19.9 mm3.

The oro-facial morphology is greatly affected in neonates with a cleft lip and palate. The initial evaluation of neonate’s body and maxillary arch dimensions is important for treatment planning and predicting growth in cleft patients. The objective of this study was comparative evaluation of the anthropometric and physiologic parameters of cleft and non-cleft neonates in a hospital-based set up. This cross sectional study was conducted on 88 cleft and non-cleft neonates (n = 44 in each group) aged between 0 and 30 days after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and positive written informed consent from their parents. Neonates’ body weight, body length, head length, head circumference, and maxillary arch dimensions were measured. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on dental casts with digital sliding calipers. Statistical analyses performed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were followed by Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparison. The results showed statistically significant differences in birth weight (p &lt, 0.0001), head length (p &lt, 0.01), head circumference (p &lt, 0.007), and maxillary arch dimensions (p &lt, 0.0001) between cleft and non-cleft neonates. These findings suggest that cleft neonates had significant anthropometric and physiologic variations than non-cleft neonates.

In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population.In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to P

The main purpose of the present systematic review was to evaluate the quantitative effects of the pendulum appliance and modified pendulum appliances for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion.Our systematic search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus and key journals and review articles; the date of the last search was 30 January 2017. We graded the methodological quality of the studies by means of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed for the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP).In total, 203 studies were identified for screening, and 25 studies were eligible. The quality assessment rated four (16%) of the study as being of strong quality and 21 (84%) of these studies as being of moderate quality. The pendulum appliances showed mean molar distalization of 2-6.4 mm, distal tipping of molars from 6.67° to 14.50° and anchorage loss with mean premolar and incisor mesial movement of 1.63-3.6 mm and 0.9-6.5 mm, respectively. The bone anchored pendulum appliances (BAPAs) showed mean molar distalization of 4.8-6.4 mm, distal tipping of molars from 9° to 11.3° and mean premolar distalization of 2.7-5.4 mm.Pendulum and modified pendulum appliances are effective in molar distalization. Pendulum appliance with K-loop modification, implant supported pendulum appliance and BAPA significantly reduced anchorage loss of the anterior teeth and distal tipping of the molar teeth.