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3. STOP DIABETES - Knowledge-based Solutions (StopDia)

Author

National Institute of Health and Welfare, Technical Research Centre of Finland, University of Melbourne, University of Konstanz, Karolinska Institutet, Maastricht University, University of Oslo, Danube-University, Flinders University, Cornell University, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde University, University of Manchester, and University of York

Published
2017

4. Toward an understanding of the gendered globalization of the marriage market: the case of French-Post-Soviet conjugalities

Author

European Society on Family Relations (ESFR) (Juin 2023: Roskilde University, Denmark), Sizaire, Laure, European Society on Family Relations (ESFR) (Juin 2023: Roskilde University, Denmark), and Sizaire, Laure

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 21st century, French-Russian marriages have taken a prominent place in the landscape of binational marriages in France. They come in third place behind French-Algerian and French-Moroccan marriages when they involve a man of French nationality and a woman born abroad. Conversely, French women almost never marry Russian men. How can we understand the development of these new intimacies in which gender dynamics are central? Based on a multi-sited ethnography between France, Russia and Belarus, I will show in this paper, by mobilizing a few exemplary cases, that the members of transnational couples circulate between different regimes of gender, intimacy and kinship and that the choice of the country of settlement is not random at all. On the contrary, it reflects a variety of gender projects that partly conform to the norms of the country where the couple resides., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2023

7. The articulation of voices in two film projects about violence: The Act of Killing and Gzim Rewind

Author

Roskilde University, Frølunde, Lisbeth, Bjerregaard, Mette, Roskilde University, Frølunde, Lisbeth, and Bjerregaard, Mette

Abstract

This paper explores two experimental documentary films that present memories of acts of mass violence: The Act of Killing (Denmark, 2012, director Joshua Oppenheimer) about the Indonesian anti-Communist purge in the 1960s and Gzim Rewind (Sweden, 2011, director Knutte Wester) about the fate of a boy who fled from Kosovo in the 1990s. Using dialogic theory (Bakhtin, 1981; Phillips, 2011), we analyse the voices that are articulated about past violent events in the films. The focus is on how different voices interrelate in the filmic presentation of mass violence, including victims and killers. Primarily, the analysis focuses on The Act of Killing and its reception by an Indonesian audience. The discussion concerns how these kinds of film projects open up very different voices and how this diversity potentially contributes to new understandings of the past, thereby fuelling social and political change.

Published
2014

9. The Individual Art of Speaking Well – teaching it by means of group and project work

Author

Juel, Henrik; Communication Studies, Roskilde University and Juel, Henrik; Communication Studies, Roskilde University

Abstract

Based on experimental workshops in rhetoric and free public speaking involving student performance at Speaker’s Corner, London, this article argues that a focus on highly individualskills is compatible with group work and socio-cultural learning principles. The author maintains that collective responsibility may inspire the peak performance of the individual.

Published
2010

10. Les conflits autour de l'Histoire dans la ville de Koudougou (Burkina Faso)

Author

Uppsala and Roskilde University International Researching Politics and Culture in African Arenas (25 et 26 mai: Uppsala Suède), Hilgers, Mathieu, Uppsala and Roskilde University International Researching Politics and Culture in African Arenas (25 et 26 mai: Uppsala Suède), and Hilgers, Mathieu

Abstract

Discutant: Jan Ovesen (Uppsala), David Berliner (ULB-Harvard)., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2005

11. ServPPIN. The Contribution of Public and Private Services to European Growth and Welfare, and the Role of Public-Private Innovation Networks. Servppin Final Publishable Summary Report

Author

Université Alcalà de Henares (UAH) ; Aucune, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM ; University of Nottingham, CLERSE ; Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques (CLERSE) ; CNRS - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies - CNRS - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies, Faculty of Business, Economics ; University of Hohenheim, Roskilde University ; Roskilde University, Austrian research Center ; Austrian research Center, European Commission, European Project : 217247, SSH, FP7-SSH-2007-1, SERVPPIN(2008), Rubalcaba, L., Windrum, P., Gallouj, F., Di, Meglio, Pyka, A., Sundbo, J., Weber, M., Université Alcalà de Henares (UAH) ; Aucune, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM ; University of Nottingham, CLERSE ; Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques (CLERSE) ; CNRS - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies - CNRS - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies, Faculty of Business, Economics ; University of Hohenheim, Roskilde University ; Roskilde University, Austrian research Center ; Austrian research Center, European Commission, European Project : 217247, SSH, FP7-SSH-2007-1, SERVPPIN(2008), Rubalcaba, L., Windrum, P., Gallouj, F., Di, Meglio, Pyka, A., Sundbo, J., and Weber, M.

Abstract

ServPPIN is a research project focusing on the role of public and private services in growth and welfare and the particular role of public-private innovation networks (PPINs). Service public-private innovation networks (ServPPINs) are a new phenomenon across the EU. These collaborative alliances between public and private sector organisations bring together and develop complementarities and synergies between the different types of knowledge, technologies, competences, and services that each partner specialises in. The main objectives of the project were to identify the linkages between services, economic and social growth, and to understand the contribution of service innovations in the current economy and society, as well as any differences that may exist between the public and private sectors. This requires an understanding how public-private sector interactions function in the context of services, and how they can be better managed by private and public sector policy-makers to increase performance and welfare. It also requires an understanding of the characteristics of public-private service networks that induce innovation, and therefore growth, employment and welfare. The theoretical and empirical fieldwork has involved cross-country and cross-sector empirical analysis. To define the service innovation and service public-private innovation networks concept, and to guide the interface between theory and empirical research, the project has developed an analytical framework for studying multiinstitutional networks. The empirical research has followed a three-pronged approach at macro-, meso- and micro- economic levels including case studies covering the major service sectors of health, transport, tourism and knowledge intensive services. The key findings of the project are: 1. Services are essential sources for growth which provide new value-added . There are different patterns of services development across the enlarged EU, and the variety of service economies mod

12. Halogenated organic contaminants in marine fish and mussels from southern Greenland—pilot study on relations to trophic levels and local sources

Author

Glasius, Marianne, ChristensenAffiliated with: Roskilde University, Jan H., Sciences, Department of Life, Chemistry, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark., PlatzPresent address: Novo Nordisk A/S, Jesper, Analogues, Purification Insulin, Kalundborg, DK-4400, Denmark., and Vorkamp, Katrin

Abstract

Mussels and marine fish (shorthorn sculpin and Greenland cod) were sampled at three locations with varying human activity. Fish livers and mussels were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and chlorinated pesticides including chlordane and toxaphene. Levels of chlorinated contaminants in shorthorn sculpins from the background location, ΣPCB (217–224 ng g−1 lw), ΣDDT (180 ng g−1 lw) and hexachlorobenzene (32–44 ng g−1 lw), were in the same range as previously observed in eastern Greenland but exceeded the levels previously observed in southern and western Greenland. Multivariate analysis showed that pollutant concentrations were mainly explained by trophic levels of the species (cod > sculpins > mussels). A pooled sample of shorthorn sculpins from the harbour of Qaqortoq had significantly higher PCB and PBDE concentrations with a different congener pattern compared to the background site, while other contaminants were comparable. This points towards local pollution sources, possibly accumulated emissions from burning of waste.

Published
2005
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13. Canopy-scale biophysical controls of transpiration and evaporation in the Amazon Basin

Author

Celso von Randow, Tomas F. Domingues, Eva Boegh, Antonio Donato Nobre, Lucien Hoffmann, James R. Ehleringer, Alessandro Araújo, Ivonne Trebs, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto, Scott R. Saleska, Matthew N. Hayek, Kaniska Mallick, Laura Giustarini, Martin Schlerf, J. William Munger, Osvaldo L. L. Moraes, Bart Kruijt, Darren T. Drewry, Steven C. Wofsy, Kaniska Mallick, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Ivonne Trebs, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Eva Boegh, Roskilde University, Laura Giustarini, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Martin Schlerf, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Darren T. Drewry, California Institute of Technology / University of California, Lucien Hoffmann, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Celso von Randow, INPE, Bart Kruijt, Wageningen Environmental Research (ALTERRA), ALESSANDRO CARIOCA DE ARAUJO, CPATU, Scott Saleska, University of Arizona, James R. Ehleringer, University of Utah, Tomas F. Domingues, USP, Jean Pierre H. B. Ometto, INPE, Antonio D. Nobre, INPE, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes, Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, Matthew Hayek, Harvard University, J. William Munger, Harvard University, Steven C. Wofsy, Harvard University., KANISKA MALLICK, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ANTONIO D. NOBRE, INPE, OSVALDO LUIZ LEAL DE MORAES, Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, MATTHEW HAYEK, Harvard University, WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, STEVE WOFSY, Harvard University., IVONNE TREBS, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, EVA BOEGH, Roskilde University, LAURA GIUSTARINI, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, MARTIN SCHLERF, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, DARREN DREWRY, California Institute of Technology, LUCIEN HOFFMANN, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, CELSO VON RANDOW, INPE, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University and Research Centre, SCOTT SALESKA, University of Arizona, JAMES R. EHLERINGER, University of Utah, TOMAS F. DOMINGUES, USP, and JEAN PIERRE H. B. OMETTO, INPE

Subjects
Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Eddy covariance, BIOFÍSICA, Flux, Transpiração, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Latent heat, Life Science, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Water content, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpiration, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, WIMEK, lcsh:T, Amazonia, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 020801 environmental engineering, Climate Resilience, lcsh:G, Klimaatbestendigheid, Climatologia, Evaporação, Soil water, Environmental science, Climate model, Trasnpiração
Abstract

Canopy and aerodynamic conductances (gC and gA) are two of the key land surface biophysical variables that control the land surface response of land surface schemes in climate models. Their representation is crucial for predicting transpiration (λET) and evaporation (λEE) flux components of the terrestrial latent heat flux (λE), which has important implications for global climate change and water resource management. By physical integration of radiometric surface temperature (TR) into an integrated framework of the Penman–Monteith and Shuttleworth–Wallace models, we present a novel approach to directly quantify the canopy-scale biophysical controls on λET and λEE over multiple plant functional types (PFTs) in the Amazon Basin. Combining data from six LBA (Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) eddy covariance tower sites and a TR-driven physically based modeling approach, we identified the canopy-scale feedback-response mechanism between gC, λET, and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (DA), without using any leaf-scale empirical parameterizations for the modeling. The TR-based model shows minor biophysical control on λET during the wet (rainy) seasons where λET becomes predominantly radiation driven and net radiation (RN) determines 75 to 80 % of the variances of λET. However, biophysical control on λET is dramatically increased during the dry seasons, and particularly the 2005 drought year, explaining 50 to 65 % of the variances of λET, and indicates λET to be substantially soil moisture driven during the rainfall deficit phase. Despite substantial differences in gA between forests and pastures, very similar canopy–atmosphere "coupling" was found in these two biomes due to soil moisture-induced decrease in gC in the pasture. This revealed the pragmatic aspect of the TR-driven model behavior that exhibits a high sensitivity of gC to per unit change in wetness as opposed to gA that is marginally sensitive to surface wetness variability. Our results reveal the occurrence of a significant hysteresis between λET and gC during the dry season for the pasture sites, which is attributed to relatively low soil water availability as compared to the rainforests, likely due to differences in rooting depth between the two systems. Evaporation was significantly influenced by gA for all the PFTs and across all wetness conditions. Our analytical framework logically captures the responses of gC and gA to changes in atmospheric radiation, DA, and surface radiometric temperature, and thus appears to be promising for the improvement of existing land–surface–atmosphere exchange parameterizations across a range of spatial scales.

Published
2016

14. Less and more: Conceptualising degrowth transformations

Author

Hubert Buch-Hansen, Iana Nesterova, Roskilde University, Department of Management Studies, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Eco-social policies, Critical realism, Degrowth, Self-transformation, Bottom-up initiatives, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 While the notion of degrowth has gained traction in recent times, scholarship on degrowth transformations has yet to provide a conceptualisation that captures key attributes of what such transformations entail: (1) the reduction of some items and the expansion of others and (2) profound changes in various dimensions of social being, including in how humans interact with nature, non-humans, and one another, changes in social structures and changes in how we are as human beings. The present paper develops a comprehensive and non-reductionist conceptualisation of degrowth, understanding it to involve deep transformations on four interrelated planes of social being: material transactions with nature, social interactions between persons, social structure, and people's inner being. On each plane, these transformations consist in reducing, and ultimately absenting, some currently existing items while expanding others. The paper considers the implications of the conceptualisation for degrowth practice and theorising,focusing on top-down eco-social policies, bottom-up initiatives and self-transformation. It is found that degrowth would benefit from considering more seriously the effects of policies and initiatives across all four planes and from acknowledging diversity on each plane. Moreover, it is concluded that more attention should be paid to the plane of peoples' inner being.

Published
2023

15. Performance-based publisher ratings and the visibility/impact of books: Small fish in a big pond, or big fish in a small pond?

Author

Kasper Bruun, Eeva Savolainen, Janne Pölönen, Alesia A. Zuccala, Vidar Røeggen, Emanuel Kulczycki, Raf Guns, University of Copenhagen, Tieteellisten Seurain Valtuuskunta, University of Antwerp, Universities Norway, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Roskilde University, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Fishery, Geography, Documentation and information, Visibility (geometry), Book Evaluations, Book Publishing, Performance-Based Research Evaluation Systems (PRFS), Performance-based funding, %22">Fish , General Medicine, Faculty of Humanities
Abstract

This study compares publisher ratings to the visibility and impact of individual books, based on a 2017 data set from three Nordic performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) (Denmark, Norway, and Finland). Although there are Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) for journals, there is no similar indicator for book publishers. National publisher lists are used instead to account for the general “quality” of books, leading to institutional rewards. But, just as the JIF is not recommended as a proxy for the “citedness” of a paper, a publisher rating is also not recommended as a proxy for the impact of an individual book. We introduce a small fish in a big pond versus big fish in a small pond metaphor, where a “fish” is a book and “the pond” represents its publishing house. We investigate how books fit on this metaphorical fish and pond continuum, using WorldCat holdings (visibility) and Google Scholar citations (impact), and test other variables to determine their predictive value with respect to these two indicators. Our statistics show that publisher levels do not have predictive value when other variables are held constant. This has implications for PRFS and book evaluations in general, as well as ongoing developments related to a newly proposed international publisher registry.

Published
2021
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17. Populist platform strategies: a comparative study of social media campaigning by Nordic right-wing populist parties

Author

Sander Andreas Schwartz, Matti Nelimarkka, Anders Olof Larsson, Roskilde University, Department of Computer Science, Kristiania University College, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Communication, Library and Information Sciences
Abstract

Social media platforms are increasingly becoming an important tool to mobilize populist right-wing issues and movements. This study provides comparative insights into the activity and engagement of right-wing populist parties on three social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) in four Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland). Based on a quantitative analysis of social media data, we conclude that Facebook is the most successful platform for right-wing populists across all four countries and that the right-wing populists in Sweden have the strongest position across platforms. Furthermore, we explore the content of the most engaging status updates qualitatively to identify a potential set of populist platform strategies. We conclude that the right-wing populist platform strategies are not radically different from other parties though the populist agenda and anger-based style of communication may cater particularly well to the network media logics of each platform. This could explain the relative success of right-wing populist parties that we identify in all four Nordic countries, even though it is important to note that the success is only moderate in some cases with notable national variation.

Published
2022
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18. Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems

Author

Isabelle Litrico, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Christophe Naudin, Elise Pelzer, Antoine Couëdel, Bochra Kammoun, Philippe Hinsinger, Florian Fort, Eric Justes, Catherine Bonnet, Laurent Bedoussac, Nathalie Moutier, Pierre Casadebaig, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Cyrille Violle, Guénaëlle Corre-Hellou, Rémi Mahmoud, Erik Steen Jensen, Safia Médiène, Xavier Gendre, Noémie Gaudio, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Roskilde Universitet [Roskilde], École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités (LATP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Roskilde University, Unité Expérimentale Forestière Méditerranéenne (UEFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Unité de recherches de génétique et amélioration des plantes, ANR-16-CONV-0004,DIGITAG,Institut Convergences en Agriculture Numérique(2016), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cropping Systems Ecology, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, H2020 European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, 01 natural sciences, Interactions biologiques, Plante légumière, Allométrie, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Assembly rules, Resource (biology), cereal–legume mixtures, media_common.quotation_subject, Competition (biology), Culture intercalaire, 03 medical and health sciences, Biomass allocation, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Plant reproductive allometry, 030304 developmental biology, Plante céréalière, business.industry, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Metabolic scaling theory, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Système de culture, Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Calls for ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems have long been designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is still unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non-limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant-plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems.We analyzed a dataset of 28 field cereal-legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single-species situations.PRA was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial for legumes grown in unfertilized mixture, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercrop systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under limiting resource conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species.Synthesis and applications. Plant reproductive allometry behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, we highlighted taxon-specific and context-dependent effects of plant-plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether farmer’s objective is to favor one species or to reach an equilibrium in seed production. Sowing density and cultivar choice could regulate the biomass of each component, with specific targets derived from allometric relationships, aiming for an optimal reproductive allocation in mixtures.

Published
2021
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19. Microplastics in the human digestive environment: A focus on the potential and challenges facing in vitro gut model development

Author

Lucie Etienne-Mesmin, Elora Fournier, Kristian Syberg, Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Lotte Jelsbak, Charlotte Grootaert, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering [Ghent], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Roskilde University, Neuro-Gastroentérologie & Nutrition (ToxAlim-NGN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (France)National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE, France PlasToX project), ANR-19-MRS2-0011,HuPlastiX,Dialogue entre la santé humaine et la 'sphère plastique'(2019), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Microplastics, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Vector effect, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Human in vitro gut models, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Model development, Waste Management and Disposal, Intestinal barrier, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Gastrointestinal tract, Campylobacter, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Mucus, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 13. Climate action, Digestion, Plastic pollution, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Plastic pollution is a major issue worldwide, generating massive amounts of smaller plastic particles, including microplastics (MPs). Their ubiquitous nature in the environment but also in foodstuff and consumer packaged goods has revealed potential threats to humans who can be contaminated mainly through air, food and water consumption. In this review, the current literature on human exposure to MPs is summarized with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract as portal of entry. Then, we discuss the vector effect of MPs, in their pristine versus weathered forms, with well-known contaminants as heavy metals and chemicals, or more emerging ones as antibiotics or microbial pathogens, like Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Comprehensive knowledge on MP fate in the gastrointestinal tract and their potential impact on gut homeostasis disruption, including gut microbiota, mucus and epithelial barrier, is reported in vitro and in vivo in mammals. Special emphasis is given on the crucial need of developing robust in vitro gut models to adequately simulate human digestive physiology and absorption processes. Finally, this review points out future research directions on MPs in human intestinal health.

Published
2021
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20. Sediment reworking by the burrowing polychaete Hediste diversicolor modulated by environmental and biological factors across the temperate North Atlantic. A tribute to Gaston Desrosiers

Author

Patrick Gillet, Ronnie N. Glud, Gary T. Banta, Erik Kristensen, Martin Solan, Renald Belley, Robert C. Aller, Anthony Maire, Jonas S. Gunnarsson, Michael J. Townsend, Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Lois Calder, Stina Lindqvist, Xavier de Montaudouin, Emma Michaud, Stephen Widdicombe, Judith R. Renz, Luca Giorgio Bellucci, Stefan Hulth, Karl Norling, Philippe Archambault, Jasmin A. Godbold, Susanne P. Eriksson, Stefan Forster, Nils Volkenborn, Georges Stora, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Roskilde University, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Rostock, Mer, molécules et santé (MMS UCO), Université Catholique de l'Ouest (UCO)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton, Nordic Centre of Earth Evolution (NORDCEE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Functional response group, Aquatic Science, Intraspecific variation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioturbation, Sediment reworking, Hediste diversicolor, Functional effect group, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, BioturbationSediment reworking, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Nereis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, chemistry, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Particle mixing and irrigation of the seabed by benthic fauna (bioturbation) have major impacts on ecosystem functions such as remineralization of organic matter and sediment-water exchange. As a tribute to Prof. Gaston Desrosiers by the Nereis Park association, eighteen laboratories carried out a collaborative experiment to acquire a global snapshot of particle reworking by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor at 16 sites surrounding the Northern Atlantic. Organisms and soft sediments were collected during May – July at different geographical locations and, using a common laboratory protocol, particulate fluorescent tracers (‘luminophores’) were used to quantify particle transport over a 10-day period. Particle mixing was quantified using the maximum penetration depth of tracers (MPD), particle diffusive coefficients (Db), and non-local transport coefficients (r). Non-local coefficients (reflecting centimeter scale transport steps) ranged from 0.4 to 15 yr−1, and were not correlated across sites with any measured biological (biomass, biovolume) or environmental parameters (temperature, grain size, organic matter). Maximum penetration depths (MPD) averaged ~10.7 cm (6.5–14.5 cm), and were similar to the global average bioturbation depth inferred from short-lived radiochemical tracers. MPD was also not correlated with measures of size (individual biomass), but increased with grain size and decreased with temperature. Biodiffusion (Db) correlated inversely with individual biomass (size) and directly with temperature over the environmental range (Q10 ~ 1.7; 5–21 °C). The transport data were comparable in magnitude to rates reported for localized H. diversicolor populations of similar size, and confirmed some but not all correlations between sediment reworking and biological and environmental variables found in previous studies. The results imply that measures of particle reworking activities of a species from a single location can be generally extrapolated to different populations at similar conditions.

Published
2021
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21. Social innovation and public service: A literature review of multi-actor collaborative approaches in five European countries

Author

Céline Merlin-Brogniart, Lars Fuglsang, Siv Magnussen, Alberto Peralta, Éva Révész, Rolf Rønning, Luis Rubalcaba, Ada Scupola, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Roskilde University, The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Corvinus University of Budapest, and European Project: 770356,H2020,H2020-SC6-CULT-COOP-2016-2017, Co-VAL(2017)

Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation, Social innovation, Public innovation, Networks, Business and International Management, Social entrepreneurship, Applied Psychology, Collaborative governance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

Governments increasingly tend to involve or rely on various societal actors to address social challenges anddevelop cost-effective and high-quality public services. This paper identifies the major themes of social innovationrelating to this type of collaborative governance, by carrying out a conceptual analysis of the scientific andgrey literature on social innovation in five European countries. Depending on the country, different emphases ofsocial innovation are found. One theme that appears common to all countries is social entrepreneurship. Thispaper provides a mapping of these major themes on social innovation. It discusses the nexus of collaborativegovernance and social innovation by theme, and the impact that the history of the national welfare state has onsocial innovation initiatives and forms of collaborative governance.

Published
2022
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22. Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Phosphorylation of GS-441524: Implications for Its Effectiveness against COVID-19

Author

Kornelius Zeth, Henrik B. Rasmussen, Olivier Taboureau, Gesche Jürgens, Peter Riis Hansen, Ragnar Thomsen, Poul Erik Hansen, ORANGE, Colette, Roskilde University, Zealand University Hospital [Roskilde, Denmark], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Herlev and Gentofte Hospital

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MECHANISM, Adenosine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HYPOXIA, Review, Pharmacology, ACTIVATION, 0302 clinical medicine, Prodrugs, Phosphorylation, PLASMA ADENOSINE, Alanine, biology, Chemistry, QR1-502, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], RECEPTORS, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine.symptom, Intracellular, medicine.drug, NUCLEOSIDE TRANSPORTERS, ADENOSINE KINASE, INHIBITION, Inflammation, Adenosine kinase, adenosine kinase, Antiviral Agents, Microbiology, Alveolar cells, 03 medical and health sciences, adenosine analogs, Virology, Extracellular, medicine, Animals, Humans, MONONUCLEAR-CELLS, adenosine transporters, SARS-CoV-2, GS-441524, COVID-19, Hypoxia (medical), Adenosine Monophosphate, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, adenosine levels, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, EXTRACELLULAR ADENOSINE, Nucleoside
Abstract

International audience; GS-441524 is an adenosine analog and the parent nucleoside of the prodrug remdesivir, which has received emergency approval for treatment of COVID-19. Recently, GS-441524 has been proposed to be effective in the treatment of COVID-19, perhaps even being superior to remdesivir for treatment of this disease. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of GS-441524 requires understanding of its uptake and intracellular conversion to GS-441524 triphosphate, the active antiviral substance. We here discuss the potential impact of these pharmacokinetic steps of GS-441524 on the formation of its active antiviral substance and effectiveness for treatment of COVID-19. Available protein expression data suggest that several adenosine transporters are expressed at only low levels in the epithelial cells lining the alveoli in the lungs, i.e., the alveolar cells or pneumocytes from healthy lungs. This may limit uptake of GS-441524. Importantly, cellular uptake of GS-441524 may be reduced during hypoxia and inflammation due to decreased expression of adenosine transporters. Similarly, hypoxia and inflammation may lead to reduced expression of adenosine kinase, which is believed to convert GS-441524 to GS-441524 monophosphate, the perceived rate-limiting step in the intracellular formation of GS-441524 triphosphate. Moreover, increases in extracellular and intracellular levels of adenosine, which may occur during critical illnesses, has the potential to competitively decrease cellular uptake and phosphorylation of GS-441524. Taken together, tissue hypoxia and severe inflammation in COVID-19 may lead to reduced uptake and phosphorylation of GS-441524 with lowered therapeutic effectiveness as a potential outcome. Hypoxia may be particularly critical to the ability of GS-441524 to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 from tissues with low basal expression of adenosine transporters, such as alveolar cells. This knowledge may also be relevant to treatments with other antiviral adenosine analogs and anticancer adenosine analogs as well.

Published
2021
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24. Hot topics in intercropping: achievements and challenges

Author

Justes, Eric, Karley, Alison, Watson, Christine, Stroud, Jackie, Topp, Kairsty, Hauggaard - Nielsen, Henrik, Bedoussac, Laurent, Direction du département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Direction Persyst), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), The James Hutton Institute, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Roskilde University, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), and Raynaud, Christelle

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

25. Public Service Innovation Network for Social Innovation: A European overview

Author

MERLIN-BROGNIART, Céline, Fuglsang, Lars, Scupola, Ada, Hansen, Anne, Rønning, Rolf, Magnussen, Siv, Peralta, Alberto, Rosta, Miklós, Katona, Márton, Révész, Éva, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Roskilde University, The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), and Corvinus University of Budapest

Subjects
[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract

International audience; In the context of the modernization of public management in Europe, the attention paid to social entrepreneurs for innovation is increasingly important. This paper reveals that these actors significantly contribute to the development of collaborative governance aimed at improving social innovation related to public service through their role as initiator, boundary spanner or network leader. However, the public sector actors involved in the governance also have a significant role to play in enabling these innovations to emerge. This paper analyzes the forms and processes of innovation taken by this multi-actors collaborative governance. It is based on the study of 25 case studies associated with five countries of the European Union.

Published
2021

26. A European state-of-the-art of Public Service Innovation Network for Social innovation

Author

Merlin-Brogniart, Céline, Fuglsang, Lars, Scupola, Ada, Rønning, Rolf, Magnussen, Siv, Peralta, Alberto, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Roskilde University, The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, and Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH)

Subjects
[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; In the field of collaborative governance, governments tend to increasingly involve various actors to innovate in meeting social needs in terms of public services. This paper analyzes the key dimensions related to this type of governance in the scientific and grey literature of several European countries. Five research streams have been identified. One key dimension appears common to all countries: social entrepreneurship. Differences between countries are explained by the existence of different forms of welfare state.

Published
2021

27. Local flexibility in feeding behaviour and contrasting microhabitat use of an omnivore across latitudes

Author

Dominique Davoult, João N. Franco, Thomas Wernberg, Hartvig Christie, Morten Foldager Pedersen, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Thibaut de Bettignies, Jean-Charles Leclerc, Florian de Bettignies, Cédric Leroux, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research [Matosinhos, Portugal] (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Roskilde University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Echinus esculentus, Food Chain, Opportunism, Foraging, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Animals, Laminaria hyperborea, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Trophic level, Ecology, Norway, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Kelp forest, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, Sea Urchins, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trophic plasticity, Omnivore, France, Urchin grazing
Abstract

Funding Funding for this work was provided by the Australian Research Council (TW: FT110100174, TW, KFD: DP190100058), the University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Awards (TW, TdB, JCL, DD, JNF, HC), the France-Australia Science Innovation Collaboration 2014 program (TdB, TW, JCL, DD), Metabomer and Corsaire Core Facility (CL), the French Government run by the National Research Agency with regards to the investment expenditure programme IDEALG ANR-10-BTBR-04 (JCL, DD) and the Norwegian Research Council (TW, MFP, KFD, KELPEX 255085/E40). As the environment is getting warmer and species are redistributed, consumers can be forced to adjust their interactions with available prey, and this could have cascading effects within food webs. To better understand the capacity for foraging flexibility, our study aimed to determine the diet variability of an ectotherm omnivore inhabiting kelp forests, the sea urchin Echinus esculentus, along its entire latitudinal distribution in the northeast Atlantic. Using a combination of gut content and stable isotope analyses, we determined the diet and trophic position of sea urchins at sites in Portugal (42° N), France (49° N), southern Norway (63° N), and northern Norway (70° N), and related these results to the local abundance and distribution of putative food items. With mean estimated trophic levels ranging from 2.4 to 4.6, omnivory and diet varied substantially within and between sites but not across latitudes. Diet composition generally reflected prey availability within epiphyte or understorey assemblages, with local affinities demonstrating that the sea urchin adjusts its foraging to match the small-scale distribution of food items. A net “preference” for epiphytic food sources was found in northern Norway, where understorey food was limited compared to other regions. We conclude that diet change may occur in response to food source redistribution at multiple spatial scales (microhabitats, sites, regions). Across these scales, the way that key consumers alter their foraging in response to food availability can have important implication for food web dynamics and ecosystem functions along current and future environmental gradients. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021
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28. Relaxation mechanisms in supercooled liquids past the Mode--Coupling Crossover: Cooperatively Re--arranging Regions vs Excitations

Author

Ortlieb, Levke, Ingebrigtsen, Trond S., Hallett, James E., Turci, Francesco, Royall, C. Patrick, Royall, Paddy, University of Bristol [Bristol], Roskilde University, University of Oxford [Oxford], Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract

Among the challenges in discriminating between theoretical approaches to the glass transition is obtaining suitable data. In particular, particle--resolved data in liquids supercooled past the mode--coupling crossover has until recently been hard to obtain. Here we combine nano-particle resolved experiments and GPU simulation data which addresses this and investigate the predictions of differing theoretical approaches. We find support for both dynamic facilitation and thermodynamic approaches. In particular, excitations, the elementary units of relaxation in dynamic facilitation theory follow the predicted scaling behaviour and the properties of cooperatively rearranging regions (CRRs) are consistent with RFOT theory. At weak supercooling there is limited correlation between particles identified in excitations and CRRs, but this increases very substantially at deep supercooling. We identify a timescale related to the CRRs which is coupled to the structural relaxation time and thus decoupled from the excitation timescale, which remains microscopic., Comment: 10 pages

Published
2021

29. Isomorphs in nanoconfined liquids

Author

Benjamin M. G. D. Carter, C. Patrick Royall, Jeppe C. Dyre, Trond S. Ingebrigtsen, Royall, Paddy, University of Bristol [Bristol], Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Roskilde University

Subjects
Materials science, 010304 chemical physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Structure (category theory), Binary number, Thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Invariant (physics), Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Molecular dynamics, Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Perpendicular, Cluster (physics), Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Phase diagram
Abstract

We study in this paper the possible existence of Roskilde-simple liquids and their isomorphs in a rough-wall nanoconfinement. Isomorphs are curves in the thermodynamic phase diagram along which structure and dynamics are invariant in suitable nondimensionalized units. Two model liquids using molecular dynamics computer simulations are considered: the single-component Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquid and the Kob-Andersen binary LJ mixture, both of which in the bulk phases are known to have isomorphs. Nanoconfinement is implemented by adopting a slit-pore geometry with fcc crystalline walls; this implies inhomogenous density profiles both parallel and perpendicular to the confining walls. Despite this fact and consistent with an earlier study [Ingebrigtsen et. al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 235901 (2013)] we find that these nanoconfined liquids have isomorphs to a good approximation. More specifically, we show good scaling of inhomogenous density profiles, mean-square displacements, and higher-order structures probed using the topological cluster classification algorithm along the isomorphs. From this study, we conjecture that in experiments, Roskilde-simple liquids may exhibit isomorphs if confined in a suitable manner, for example with carbon nanotubes. Our study thus provides an alternative framework for understanding nanoconfined liquids., Comment: 21 pages

Published
2021

30. Translating the multiactor approach to research into practice using a workshop approach focusing on species mixtures

Author

Hauggaard - Nielsen, Henrik, AARE1, Ane K., Watson, Christine A., CHONGTHAM, Iman R., Cairistiona Frances Elizabeth Topp, Jensen, Erik Steen, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, Lund, Søren, Aare, Ane, Watson, Christine, Bedoussac, Laurent, Aubertot, Jean-Noel, Chongtham, Iman, BELLOSTAS, Natalia, Topp, Cairistiona, Hohmann, Pierre, Jensen, Erik, STADEL, Maureen, Pinel, Bertrand, Justes, Eric, Roskilde University, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Roskilde Universitet [Roskilde], Scotlands Rural Coll SRUC, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland, Partenaires INRAE, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias (INTIA), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Territoires et Environnement en Aquitaine (TERRENA), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and EU Horizon 2020 program grant 727217

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Participatory methods, Knowledge management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, agroécologie, Recherche interdisciplinaire, 01 natural sciences, recherche participative, Multidisciplinary approach, Factor (programming language), Sociology, computer.programming_language, Technology transfer, Shared vision, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Participation des agriculteurs, Knowledge sharing, codesign, participatory methods, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, knowledge sharing, Biotechnology, agroecology, chaînes de valeur, participatory methods HIGHLIGHTS, Participatory action research, U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales, Culture en mélange, Value chain, Agricultural Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Analyse factorielle, General Veterinary, business.industry, collaboration, Crop combinations and interactions, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Système de culture, business, computer, intercropping
Abstract

The EIP-Agri multiactor approach was exemplified during a 3-day workshop with 63 project participants from the EU H2020 funded project "Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures". The objective was to share firsthand experience of participatory research among researchers who were mostly not familiar with this approach. Workshop participants were divided into smaller multidisciplinary groups and given the opportunity to interact with representatives from eight actor positions in the value chain of the agrifood cooperative Terrena located in Western France. The four stages of the workshop were: (1) key actor interviews, (2) sharing proposed solutions for overcoming barriers, and (3) developing possible interdisciplinary concepts. Expressions of frustration were recorded serving both as a motivation for group members to become more aware of the scientific concerns and practices of their colleagues, as well as a recognition that some researchers have better skills integrating qualitative approaches than others. Nevertheless, the workshop format was an effective way to gain a common understanding of the pertinent issues that need to be addressed to meet overall multiactor-approach objectives. Working with the actor networks was identified and emphasized as a means to overcome existing barriers between academia and practice in order to coproduce a shared vision of the benefits of species mixture benefits. (C) The Author(s) 2021. Published by Higher Education Press.

Published
2021
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31. Assessing the impact of exposome on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystc fibrosis: The REMEDIA European Project Approach

Author

Laurent Niddam, Spyros N. Pandis, Ralph Epaud, Ariel Beresniak, Kai Simmons, Torkjel M Sandanger, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Sophie Lanone, Manon Benjdir, Patrice Coll, Patrick Wagner, Mette Sørensen, Etienne Audureau, Kristina Fiedler, Gerhard Pohlmann, IMRB - GEIC2O/'Genetic and Environmental Interactions in COPD, Cystic fibrosis and Other (rare) respiratory diseases' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), IMRB - 'Biomechanics and Respiratory Apparatus' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Data Mining International, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), INSERM-TRANSFERT [Paris] (IT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Wellspring Kft [Budapest, Hungary], Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (Fraunhofer ITEM), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Roskilde University, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), The REMEDIA project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No 874753., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Publica, and Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Exposome, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Context (language use), Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Disease, EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE, Cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, Medicine, education, Intensive care medicine, 030304 developmental biology, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Chronic ostructive pulmonary disease, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, COPD, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Pollution, 3. Good health, Biomarker (cell), [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Causal inference, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Because of the direct interaction of lungs with the environment, respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of environment-related deaths in the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are two highly debilitating diseases that are of particular interest in the context of environmental studies; they both are characterized by a similar progressive loss of lung function with small bronchi alterations, and a high phenotypic variability of unknown origin, which prevents a good therapeutic efficacy. In the last years, there has been an evolution in the apprehension of the study of diseases going from a restricted "one exposure, one disease" approach to a broader concept with other associating factors, the exposome. The overall objective of the REMEDIA project is to extend the understanding of the contribution of the exposome to COPD and CF diseases. To achieve our aim, we will (1) exploit data from existing cohorts and population registries to create a unified global database gathering phenotype and exposome information; (2) develop a flexible individual sensor device combining environmental and biomarker toolkits; (3) use a versatile atmospheric simulation chamber to simulate the health effects of complex exposomes; (4) use machine learning supervised analyses and causal inference models to identify relevant risk factors; and (5) develop econometric and cost-effectiveness models to assess the costs, performance, and cost-effectiveness of a selection of prevention strategies. The results will be used to develop guidelines to better predict disease risks and constitute the elements of the REMEDIA toolbox. The multidisciplinary approach carried out by the REMEDIA European project should represent a major breakthrough in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with COPD and CF diseases. ispartof: ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY vol:5 issue:4 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2021
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32. A synthesis of bacterial and archaeal phenotypic trait data

Author

Ross Corkrey, David Danko, Joshua S. Madin, T. B. K. Reddy, Mark Westoby, Sara Vieira-Silva, Thomas M. Schmidt, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Martin K. M. Engqvist, Matthew A. Richards, Noah Fierer, Lisa R. Moore, Alice R. Wattam, Fran Supek, Maria Brbic, Heba Shaaban, Michael R. Gillings, Christopher E. Mason, David A. Westfall, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Daniel A. Nielsen, Maulik Shukla, Elena Litchman, Kyle F. Edwards, Jemma L. Geoghegan, Sasha G. Tetu, Søren Laurentius Nielsen, Nathan D. Price, Ian T. Paulsen, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Macquarie University [Sydney], Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Weill Cornell Medicine [New York], Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], University of Colorado [Boulder], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Roskilde University, Institute for Systems Biology [Seattle] (ISB), Génomique évolutive des Microbes / Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Institute for Research in Biomedicine [Barcelona, Spain] (IRB), University of Barcelona-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Weill Cornell Medicine [Cornell University], Cornell University [New York], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Virginia

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data Descriptor, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, Library and Information Sciences, MESH: Genome, Bacterial, MESH: Phenotype, Genome, Education, Microbial ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome, Archaeal, Abundance (ecology), [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Ecosystem, MESH: Ecosystem, lcsh:Science, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Human Genome, Bacterial, Phenotypic trait, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Archaea, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, MESH: Bacteria, Habitat, Evolutionary biology, Archaeal, MESH: Archaea, Trait, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Genome, Bacterial, Information Systems, Biotechnology
Abstract

A synthesis of phenotypic and quantitative genomic traits is provided for bacteria and archaea, in the form of a scripted, reproducible workflow that standardizes and merges 26 sources. The resulting unified dataset covers 14 phenotypic traits, 5 quantitative genomic traits, and 4 environmental characteristics for approximately 170,000 strain-level and 15,000 species-aggregated records. It spans all habitats including soils, marine and fresh waters and sediments, host-associated and thermal. Trait data can find use in clarifying major dimensions of ecological strategy variation across species. They can also be used in conjunction with species and abundance sampling to characterize trait mixtures in communities and responses of traits along environmental gradients., Measurement(s)Trait • phenotypic trait • quantitative genomic traitTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)habitat • speciesSample Characteristic - OrganismArchaea • BacteriaSample Characteristic - Locationglobal Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12221732

Published
2020
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33. Mitochondria-Targeted Honokiol Confers a Striking Inhibitory Effect on Lung Cancer via Inhibiting Complex I Activity

Author

Martina Bajzikova, Yongik Lee, Christopher M. Olsen, Ole Vang, Shirng Wern Tsaih, Jacek Zielonka, Dong Hai Xiong, Jiri Neuzil, Gang Cheng, Yian Wang, Ming You, Jing Pan, Michael J. Flister, Qi Zhang, Charles R. Myers, Micael Hardy, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Medical College of Wisconsin, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science and Environment [Roskilde], and Roskilde University

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Honokiol, Programmed cell death, animal structures, Multidisciplinary, Cell growth, Angiogenesis, Chemistry, Cancer, Mitochondrion, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, Stroma, embryonic structures, medicine, Cancer research, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Lung cancer
Abstract

Summary: We synthesized a mitochondria-targeted honokiol (Mito-HNK) that facilitates its mitochondrial accumulation; this dramatically increases its potency and efficacy against highly metastatic lung cancer lines in vitro, and in orthotopic lung tumor xenografts and brain metastases in vivo. Mito-HNK is >100-fold more potent than HNK in inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting mitochondrial complex ǀ, stimulating reactive oxygen species generation, oxidizing mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-3, and suppressing the phosphorylation of mitoSTAT3. Within lung cancer brain metastases in mice, Mito-HNK induced the mediators of cell death and decreased the pathways that support invasion and proliferation. In contrast, in the non-malignant stroma, Mito-HNK suppressed pathways that support metastatic lesions, including those involved in inflammation and angiogenesis. Mito-HNK showed no toxicity and targets the metabolic vulnerabilities of primary and metastatic lung cancers. Its pronounced anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects in the brain are particularly intriguing given the paucity of treatment options for such patients either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutics. : Natural Product Chemistry; Immunology; Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Subject Areas: Natural Product Chemistry, Immunology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Published
2018
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34. Bridging Thermal Infrared Sensing and Physically‐Based Evapotranspiration Modeling: From Theoretical Implementation to Validation Across an Aridity Gradient in Australian Ecosystems

Author

Monica Garcia, Jason Beringer, Erika Toivonen, Eva Boegh, Stefan K. Arndt, Kaniska Mallick, Ivonne Trebs, James Cleverly, Harri Koivusalo, Anne Griebel, Derek Eamus, Darren T. Drewry, Department of Physics, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, University of Helsinki, Roskilde University, University of Technology Sydney, Water and Environmental Eng., California Institute of Technology, University of Melbourne, University of Western Australia, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Built Environment, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Penman-Monteith, WATER-RESOURCES, 0208 environmental biotechnology, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, AERODYNAMIC RESISTANCE, 02 engineering and technology, Sensible heat, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE, MEDITERRANEAN DRYLANDS, Latent heat, Evapotranspiration, Emissivity, Shuttleworth-Wallace, Water cycle, Penman–Monteith equation, ta218, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, thermal infrared sensing, PRIESTLEY-TAYLOR, surface energy balance, aridity gradient, Australia, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, EVAPORATION, RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, HEAT-FLUX, LATENT-HEAT, 2-SOURCE PERSPECTIVE, Environmental science
Abstract

Thermal infrared sensing of evapotranspiration (E) through surface energy balance (SEB) models is challenging due to uncertainties in determining the aerodynamic conductance (g(A)) and due to inequalities between radiometric (T-R) and aerodynamic temperatures (T-0). We evaluated a novel analytical model, the Surface Temperature Initiated Closure (STIC1.2), that physically integrates T-R observations into a combined Penman-Monteith Shuttleworth-Wallace (PM-SW) framework for directly estimating E, and overcoming the uncertainties associated with T0 and gA determination. An evaluation of STIC1.2 against high temporal frequency SEB flux measurements across an aridity gradient in Australia revealed a systematic error of 10-52% in E from mesic to arid ecosystem, and low systematic error in sensible heat fluxes (H) (12-25%) in all ecosystems. Uncertainty in TR versus moisture availability relationship, stationarity assumption in surface emissivity, and SEB closure corrections in E were predominantly responsible for systematic E errors in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. A discrete correlation (r) of the model errors with observed soil moisture variance (r = 0.33-0.43), evaporative index (r = 0.77-0.90), and climatological dryness (r = 0.60-0.77) explained a strong association between ecohydrological extremes and T-R in determining the error structure of STIC1.2 predicted fluxes. Being independent of any leaf-scale biophysical parameterization, the model might be an important value addition in working group (WG2) of the Australian Energy and Water Exchange (OzEWEX) research initiative which focuses on observations to evaluate and compare biophysical models of energy and water cycle components. Plain Language Summary Evapotranspiration modeling and mapping in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are uncertain due to empirical approximation of surface and atmospheric conductances. Here we demonstrate the performance of a fully analytical model which is independent of any leaf-scale empirical parameterization of the conductances and can be potentially used for continental scale mapping of ecosystem water use as well as water stress using thermal remote sensing satellite data.d

Published
2018
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35. The impact of ozone exposure, temperature and CO2 on the growth and yield of three spring wheat varieties

Author

Emilie Marie Øst Hansen, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Marie Launay, Paul Rose, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen, Roskilde University, INRA- Unité Climat, sol, et environnement (UNITé CLIMAT, SOL, ET ENVIRONNEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), and ANR-14-JFAC-0001,Climate-CAFÉ,Climate Change Adaptability of cropping and Farming systems for Europe(2014)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, Ecophysiology, Air pollution, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Multifactorial design, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Cultivar, Plant breeding, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Crop yield, Ecophysiology --- Abies, 15. Life on land, Ozone episodes, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water use, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

When assessing potentials for crop production under future climatic conditions, multiple environmental parameters need to be included. An increase in carbon dioxide [CO2], higher temperatures, and regional changes in tropospheric ozone [O3] will influence the growth responses of existing crop species and varieties. Ozone is phytotoxic and a plant stressor at current concentrations, reducing yields worldwide, but possible interactions with changes in other abiotic factors have been considered very little. In this study, we have used eight combinations: two levels of temperature, two levels of [CO2], and three [O3] exposure regimes to assess the impact of medium-to-high ozone concentrations (80–100 ppb) on wheat growth when other abiotic factors change. Two modern spring wheat varieties (KWS Bittern and Lennox) and a landrace variety (Lantvete) were grown to maturity in climate chambers. We examined plant performance during growth as development rate, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use, and at harvest as total aboveground dry matter and grain yield. All three varieties lost yield in all treatments compared to the ambient treatment that had the following settings: Lowest temperature, ambient [CO2], and very low [O3]. For episodic ozone exposure in the ambient or high [CO2] and high-level temperature treatment, the yield losses were 18 and 25%, respectively, for KWS Bittern; 44 and 34% for Lennox; and 16 and 37% for Lantvete. The yields of the modern varieties are significantly higher than the landrace variety in two out of eight treatments, although they are higher by weight in seven of the eight treatments. The landrace variety's fraction loss from its highest grain yield in the ambient treatment to the high-[CO2]-and high-level-temperature-treatments was smaller than the modern varieties’, showing a comparably higher degree of plasticity of performance. Current crop varieties might be more sensitive to ozone than older varieties, emphasizing the need of future breeding programs to expand the gene pool to provide more climate robust crops.

Published
2019
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36. Macromolecular crowding links ribosomal protein gene dosage to growth rate in Vibrio cholerae

Author

Marc Garcia-Garcera, Alfonso Soler-Bistué, Marie-Eve Val, Odile Sismeiro, Rodrigo Sieira, Didier Mazel, Hugo Varet, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Diego J. Comerci, Evelyne Krin, Sebastián Aguilar-Pierlé, Ole Skovgaard, Plasticité du Génome Bactérien - Bacterial Genome Plasticity (PGB), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Génomique évolutive des Microbes / Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Transcriptome et Epigénome (PF2), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Fundación Instituto Leloir [Buenos Aires], Roskilde University, This study was supported by the Institut Pasteur, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR3525), the French National Research Agency grants ANR-10-BLAN-131301 (BMC) and ANR-14-CE10-0007 (MAGISBAC), the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir Program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID to DM), and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica of Argentina (PICT-2017-0424 to ASB). ASB was supported by an EMBO long-term fellowship (EMBO-ALTF-1473-2010) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF-BMC). ASB, RS, and DJC are Career Members of CONICET., ANR-10-BLAN-1313,BMC,Bactéries à multiple chromosomes : liens entre architecture du génome et physiologie cellulaire(2010), ANR-14-CE10-0007,MAGISBAC,Génèse et maintenance des chromosomes secondaire bactériens(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 298369,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF,BMC(2013), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Physiology, Bacterial chromosome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Dosage, Plant Science, VIBRIO CHOLERAE, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Structural Biology, Transcription (biology), lcsh:QH301-705.5, Vibrio cholerae, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Cell biology, RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Biotechnology, Research Article, DNA Replication, DNA, Bacterial, Ribosomal Proteins, Replication Origin, Biology, Bacterial physiology, Gene dosage, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ciencias Biológicas, GROWTH RATE, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, Ribosomal protein, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Synthetic biology, 030304 developmental biology, Growth rate, Circular bacterial chromosome, fungi, DNA replication, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, lcsh:Biology (General), Cytoplasm, Genes, Bacterial, bacteria, Macromolecular crowding, GENOMICS, Developmental Biology
Abstract

In fast-growing bacteria, the genomic location of ribosomal protein (RP) genes is biased towards the replication origin (oriC). This trait allows optimizing their expression during exponential phase since oriC neighboring regions are in higher dose due to multifork replication. Relocation of s10-spc-α locus (S10), which codes for most of the RP, to ectopic genomic positions shows that its relative distance to the oriC correlates to a reduction on its dosage, its expression, and bacterial growth rate. However, a mechanism linking S10 dosage to cell physiology has still not been determined.We hypothesized that S10 dosage perturbations impact protein synthesis capacity. Strikingly, we observed that in Vibrio cholerae, protein production capacity was independent of S10 position. Deep sequencing revealed that S10 relocation altered chromosomal replication dynamics and genome-wide transcription. Such changes increased as a function of oriC-S10 distance. Since RP constitutes a large proportion of cell mass, lower S10 dosage could lead to changes in macromolecular crowding, impacting cell physiology. Accordingly, cytoplasm fluidity was higher in mutants where S10 is most distant from oriC. In hyperosmotic conditions, when crowding differences are minimized, the growth rate and replication dynamics were highly alleviated in these strains.The genomic location of RP genes ensures its optimal dosage. However, besides of its essential function in translation, their genomic position sustains an optimal macromolecular crowding essential for maximizing growth. Hence, this could be another mechanism coordinating DNA replication to bacterial growth. Fil: Soler Bistue, Alfonso J. C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentina Fil: Aguilar Pierlé, Sebastián. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Garcia Garcerá, Marc. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Val, Marie Eve. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Sismeiro, Odile. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Varet, Hugo. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Sieira, Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Krin, Evelyne. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Skovgaard, Ole. Roskilde Universitet; Dinamarca Fil: Comerci, Diego José. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas.; Argentina Fil: Rocha, Eduardo P. C.. Institut Pasteur; Francia Fil: Mazel, Didier. Institut Pasteur; Francia

Published
2019
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37. An entropy scaling demarcation of gas- and liquid-like fluid behaviors

Author

Ian H. Bell, Lorenzo Costigliola, Stéphanie Delage-Santacreu, Guillaume Galliero, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Boulder] (NIST), Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-TOTAL FINA ELF, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science and Environment [Roskilde], and Roskilde University

Subjects
Physics, 010304 chemical physics, Shear viscosity, General Physics and Astronomy, 010402 general chemistry, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, 0104 chemical sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Chain length, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Boltzmann constant, symbols, Fluid phase, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Inverse power law, Statistical physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Scaling, Phase diagram
Abstract

International audience; In this work, we propose a generic and simple definition of a line separating gas-like and liquid-like fluid behaviors from the standpoint of shear viscosity. This definition is valid even for fluids such as the hard sphere and the inverse power law that exhibit a unique fluid phase. We argue that this line is defined by the location of the minimum of the macroscopically scaled viscosity when plotted as a function of the excess entropy, which differs from the popular Widom lines. For hard sphere, Lennard-Jones, and inverse-power-law fluids, such a line is located at an excess entropy approximately equal to −2/3 times Boltzmann’s constant and corresponds to points in the thermodynamic phase diagram for which the kinetic contribution to viscosity is approximately half of the total viscosity. For flexible Lennard-Jones chains, the excess entropy at the minimum is a linear function of the chain length. This definition opens a straightforward route to classify the dynamical behavior of fluids from a single thermodynamic quantity obtainable from high-accuracy thermodynamic models.

Published
2020
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38. Do we need specific breeding for legume-based mixtures?

Author

Cyril Firmat, Rosemary P. Collins, Antonio M. De Ron, Paolo Annicchiarico, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Isabelle Litrico, Research Centre for Animal Production (CRPA), Aberystwyth University, Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Roskilde University, Projet BAP-INRA SELEM, European Project: 727217,ReMIX(2017), Misión Biológica de Galicia, and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, genotype × environment interaction, Future studies, Perennial plant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], evolutionary breeding, compatibility, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, genomic selection, resource foraging, interspecific interference, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, mixing ability, Cultivar, plant ideotype, Legume, biology, business.industry, Intercropping, genetic diversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Biotechnology, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, competition, Genomic selection, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Chapitre 3; International audience; Legume-based mixtures have considerable interest for modern agriculture, because they can increase or stabilize crop production and simultaneously provide important agro-ecosystem functions. Accordingly, there is increasing demand for legume cultivars adapted to this utilization. This paper reviews the available findings and discuss methodological, eco-physiological and diversity-related issues that can help define cost-efficient breeding strategies for cool- and warm-season annual legumes intercropped with cereals, and perennial legumes intercropped with forage grasses. On average, selection in pure stand (PS) exhibited about 40% lower predicted yield gains than selection in target mixed stand (MS) conditions, in a survey of case studies. Specific breeding for intercropping tends to be particularly important for species undergoing severe competition because of modest competitive ability or the targeted growing conditions, for which direct selection in MS or indirect selection for traits associated with greater competitive ability prove valuable. Breeding for compatibility with a wide range of plant companions is encouraged by the larger size of general-compatibility effects relative to specific-compatibility ones. There is fairly limited evidence for the advantage of greater intraspecific diversity in legume breeding for intercropping. On the whole, however, the available findings are insufficient for designing efficient breeding strategies for the majority of legume species. We present a range of informative and cost-efficient methodological approaches that could be exploited for future studies. There is an urgent need to assess the efficiency of novel and relatively low-cost breeding strategies, among which evolutionary breeding and genomic selection emerge as the most promising.

Published
2019
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39. Coherence through inquiry based mathematics education

Author

Haavold, Per Øystein, Blomhøj, Morten, Veldhuis, Michiel, Uffe Thomas Jankvist, Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, Michiel Veldhuis, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, and Utrecht University

Subjects
mathematics, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, teacher collaboration, Professional development, inquiry, [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract

International audience; SUM is a four-year research and developmental project with the aim of contributing to coherence in children’s and students’ motivation for, activities in, and learning of mathematics throughout the educational system from kindergarten to higher education. The concept of inquiry is key in the project, and it involves the implementation of different types of theories and methods related to inquiry based mathematics teaching (IBMT) at three systemic levels: (1) The students’ inquiry in and with mathematics. (2) The teachers’ use of inquiry based mathematics teaching as a means for supporting the students’ learning and inquiry into their own practice across a particular transition. (3) Inquiry into the interplay between the development of teaching practice and research in IBMT. In this paper, based on the project design and preliminary findings from the implementation, we discuss the project as an implementation of theory at these three levels, with a particular focus on level 2.

Published
2019

40. Replicate Once Per Cell Cycle: Replication Control of Secondary Chromosomes

Author

Florian Fournes, Marie-Eve Val, Ole Skovgaard, Didier Mazel, Plasticité du Génome Bactérien - Bacterial Genome Plasticity (PGB), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Science and Environment [Roskilde], Roskilde University, Research in the Mazel’s laboratory is funded by the Institut Pasteur, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-UMR 3525), the French National Research Agency (ANR-14-CE10-0007), and by the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (Grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)., ANR-14-CE10-0007,MAGISBAC,Génèse et maintenance des chromosomes secondaire bactériens(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetics, Microbiology (medical), [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Cell division, iterons, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:QR1-502, Chromosome, megaplasmids, Review, Cell cycle, Biology, repABC, Genome, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chromids, Replication Initiation, Replicon, Gene, replication initiation
Abstract

International audience; Faithful vertical transmission of genetic information, especially of essential core genes, is a prerequisite for bacterial survival. Hence, replication of all the replicons is tightly controlled to ensure that all daughter cells get the same genome copy as their mother cell. Essential core genes are very often carried by the main chromosome. However they can occasionally be found on secondary chromosomes, recently renamed chromids. Chromids have evolved from non-essential megaplasmids, and further acquired essential core genes and a genomic signature closed to that of the main chromosome. All chromids carry a plasmidic replication origin, belonging so far to either the iterons or repABC type. Based on these differences, two categories of chromids have been distinguished. In this review, we focus on the replication initiation controls of these two types of chromids. We show that the sophisticated mechanisms controlling their replication evolved from their plasmid counterparts to allow a timely controlled replication, occurring once per cell cycle.

Published
2018
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41. Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in nine European countries

Author

Renke Lühken, Delphine Delecolle, Ignace Rakotoarivony, Sonja Steinke, Bruno Mathieu, Xavier Allene, Javier Lucientes, Katharina Brugger, Lene Jung Kjær, Henrik Skovgård, Carsten Kirkeby, Jan Chirico, Anders Lindström, Franz Rubel, Bethsabée Scheid, Ståle Sviland, David Chavernac, Carlos Barceló, Petter Hopp, Wesley Tack, Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca, Søren Nielsen, Jonathan Lhoir, Claire Garros, Ellen Kiel, R. Estrada, Ana Carolina Cuellar, Roger Venail, Jean-Claude Delécolle, Anders Stockmarr, Franz Josef Conraths, Thomas Balenghien, Jörn Gethmann, Inger Sofie Hamnes, Magdalena Larska, Rene Bødker, Gunnar Andersson, Marie-Laure Setier-Rio, Alexander Mathis, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Roskilde University, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, National Veterinary Institute, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), University of Oldenburg, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), National Veterinary Research Institute [Pulawy, Pologne] (NVRI), Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Institute of Veterinary Public Health, Partenaires INRAE, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen, Avia-GIS, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, EMIDA ERA-NET through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food [314-06.01-2811ERA248], and Cuellar, Ana Carolina

Subjects
Culicoides imicola, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], African Horse Sickness Virus, Population Dynamics, Peste équine africaine, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Ceratopogonidae, 0403 veterinary science, 0302 clinical medicine, Vector season, Abundance (ecology), African Horse Sickness, Analyse du risque, Dynamique des populations, media_common, biology, Geography, Ecology, Culicoides, Schmallenberg virus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ruminants, Europe, Variation saisonnière, Infectious Diseases, Vecteur de maladie, Entomologie, Seasons, Fièvre catarrhale du mouton, Banque de données, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Bétail, Seasonal abundance, Farms, 040301 veterinary sciences, Distribution géographique, Ruminant, 030231 tropical medicine, Culicoides abundance, Spatial pattern, Temporal trend, Culicoides distribution, Vector-borne disease, Spatial distribution, Bluetongue, Virus des animaux, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, Surveillance épidémiologique, lcsh:RC109-216, European union, Population Density, Cartographie, Research, Distribution spatiale, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, Parasitology, U30 - Méthodes de recherche
Abstract

Background Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV), African horse sickness virus and Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Outbreaks of both BTV and SBV have affected large parts of Europe. The spread of these diseases depends largely on vector distribution and abundance. The aim of this analysis was to identify and quantify major spatial patterns and temporal trends in the distribution and seasonal variation of observed Culicoides abundance in nine countries in Europe. Methods We gathered existing Culicoides data from Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Poland. In total, 31,429 Culicoides trap collections were available from 904 ruminant farms across these countries between 2007 and 2013. Results The Obsoletus ensemble was distributed widely in Europe and accounted for 83% of all 8,842,998 Culicoides specimens in the dataset, with the highest mean monthly abundance recorded in France, Germany and southern Norway. The Pulicaris ensemble accounted for only 12% of the specimens and had a relatively southerly and easterly spatial distribution compared to the Obsoletus ensemble. Culicoides imicola Kieffer was only found in Spain and the southernmost part of France. There was a clear spatial trend in the accumulated annual abundance from southern to northern Europe, with the Obsoletus ensemble steadily increasing from 4000 per year in southern Europe to 500,000 in Scandinavia. The Pulicaris ensemble showed a very different pattern, with an increase in the accumulated annual abundance from 1600 in Spain, peaking at 41,000 in northern Germany and then decreasing again toward northern latitudes. For the two species ensembles and C. imicola, the season began between January and April, with later start dates and increasingly shorter vector seasons at more northerly latitudes. Conclusion We present the first maps of seasonal Culicoides abundance in large parts of Europe covering a gradient from southern Spain to northern Scandinavia. The identified temporal trends and spatial patterns are useful for planning the allocation of resources for international prevention and surveillance programmes in the European Union. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2706-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2018
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42. Slow rheological mode in glycerol and glycerol–water mixtures

Author

Catalin Gainaru, Tina Hecksher, Christiane Alba-Simionesco, Kristine Niss, M. H. Jensen, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Roskilde University, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Molar concentration, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Viscosity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rheology, Glycerol, Binary system, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Softening, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plasticizer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Glycerol-water mixtures were studied at molar concentrations ranging from $x_\text{gly} = 1$ (pure glycerol) to $x_\text{gly}=0.3$ using shear mechanical spectroscopy. We observed a low frequency mode in neat glycerol, similar to what is usually reported for monohydroxy alcohols. This mode has no dielectric counterpart and disappears with increased water concentration. We propose that the hydrogen-bonded network formed between glycerol molecules is responsible for the observed slow mode and that water acts as a plasticizer for the overall dynamics and as a lubricant softening the hydrogen-bonding contribution to the macroscopic viscosity of this binary system.

Published
2018
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43. Structural Dynamics and Catalytic Properties of a Multimodular Xanthanase

Author

Olga V. Moroz, Pernille F. Jensen, Sean P. McDonald, Nicholas McGregor, Elena Blagova, Gerard Comamala, Dorotea R. Segura, Lars Anderson, Santhosh M. Vasu, Vasudeva P. Rao, Lars Giger, Trine Holst Sørensen, Rune Nygaard Monrad, Allan Svendsen, Jens E. Nielsen, Bernard Henrissat, Gideon J. Davies, Harry Brumer, Kasper D. Rand, Keith S. Wilson, York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York [York, UK], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Biochemistry, Novozymes AS, Roskilde University, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Danish Council for Independent Research [4184-00537A], Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, Catalysis, enzyme dynamics, 03 medical and health sciences, enzyme, 030104 developmental biology, carbohydrate, xanthan, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, enzyme stability
Abstract

International audience; The precise catalytic strategies used for the breakdown of the complex bacterial polysaccharide xanthan, an increasingly frequent component of processed human foodstuffs, have remained a mystery. Here, we present characterization of an endo-xanthanase from Paenibacillus nanensis. We show that it is a CAZy family 9 glycoside hydrolase (GH9) responsible for the hydrolysis of the xanthan backbone capable of generating tetrameric xanthan oligosaccharides from polysaccharide lyase family 8 (PL8) xanthan lyase-treated xanthan. Three-dimensional structure determination reveals a complex multimodular enzyme in which a catalytic (alpha/alpha)(6) barrel is flanked by an N-terminal "immunoglobulin-like" (Ig-like) domain (frequently found in GH9 enzymes) and by four additional C-terminal all beta-sheet domains that have very few homologues in sequence databases and at least one of which functions as a new xanthan-binding domain, now termed CBM84. The solution-phase conformation and dynamics of the enzyme in the native calcium-bound state and in the absence of calcium were probed experimentally by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Measured conformational dynamics were used to guide the protein engineering of enzyme variants with increased stability in the absence of calcium; a property of interest for the potential use of the enzyme in cleaning detergents. The ability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to pinpoint dynamic regions of a protein under stress (e.g., removal of calcium ions) makes this technology a strong tool for improving protein catalyst properties by informed engineering.

Published
2018
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44. Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation – a benchmark of computational metagenomics software

Author

Alexander Sczyrba, Peter Hofmann, Peter Belmann, David Koslicki, Stefan Janssen, Johannes Dröge, Ivan Gregor, Stephan Majda, Jessika Fiedler, Eik Dahms, Andreas Bremges, Adrian Fritz, Ruben Garrido-Oter, Tue Sparholt Jørgensen, Nicole Shapiro, Philip D. Blood, Alexey Gurevich, Yang Bai, Dmitrij Turaev, Matthew Z. DeMaere, Rayan Chikhi, Niranjan Nagarajan, Christopher Quince, Fernando Meyer, Monika Balvoit, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Søren J. Sørensen, Burton K. H. Chia, Bertrand Denis, Jeff L. Froula, Zhong Wang, Robert Egan, Dongwan Don Kang, Jeffrey J. Cook, Charles Deltel, Michael Beckstette, Claire Lemaitre, Pierre Peterlongo, Guillaume Rizk, Dominique Lavenier, Yu-Wei Wu, Steven W. Singer, Chirag Jain, Marc Strous, Heiner Klingenberg, Peter Meinicke, Michael Barton, Thomas Lingner, Hsin-Hung Lin, Yu-Chieh Liao, Genivaldo Gueiros Z. Silva, Daniel A. Cuevas, Robert A. Edwards, Surya Saha, Vitor C. Piro, Bernhard Y. Renard, Mihai Pop, Hans-Peter Klenk, Markus Göker, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Tanja Woyke, Julia A. Vorholt, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Edward M. Rubin, Aaron E. Darling, Thomas Rattei, Alice C. McHardy, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Technische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Algorithmische Bioinformatik [Düsseldorf], Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Computational Biology of Infection Research [Braunschweig], Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology [Braunschweig] (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Mathematics [Corvallis, Oregon], Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Univ California San Diego] (CSE - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Pediatrics [Univ California San Diego] (UC San Diego), School of Medicine [Univ California San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Max Planck Institute for Informatics [Saarbrücken], Faculty of Biology [Essen], Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], German Center for Infection Research - partner site Hannover-Braunschweig (DZIF), Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]-Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ)-Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Section of Microbiology [Copenhagen], Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Science and Environment [Roskilde], Roskilde University, DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Center for Algorithmic Biotechnology [Saint Petersburg], Institute of Translational Biomedicine [Saint-Petersburg], Saint Petersburg University (SPBU)-Saint Petersburg University (SPBU), Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), John Innes Centre [Norwich], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Bioinformatics and Sequence Analysis (BONSAI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computational and Systems Biology [Singapore], Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Department of Microbiology and Infection [Coventry], Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick [Coventry]-University of Warwick [Coventry], Intel Corporation [Hillsboro], Intel Corporation [USA], Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Molecular Infection Biology [Braunschweig], Joint BioEnergy Institute [Emeryville], Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics [Taipei], Taipei Medical University, Biological Systems and Engineering [LBNL Berkeley], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Max planck Institute for Biology of Ageing [Cologne], Energy Engineering and Geomicrobiology [Calgary], University of Calgary, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics [Göttingen], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Population Health Sciences [Taiwan], National Health Research Institutes [Taiwan] (NHRI), San Diego State University (SDSU), Boyce Thompson Institute [Ithaca], Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Ministry of Education [Brazil], Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology [Maryland] (CBCB), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, School of Biology [Newcastle upon Tyne], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), biological sciences department [Jeddah], King Abdulaziz University, Institute of Microbiology [Zurich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [San Diego] (CSE-UCSD), University of California-University of California, Department of Pediatrics [san Diego], UC San Diego School of Medicine, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Universität zu Köln-Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]-Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), John Innes Centre [Norwich]-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Biological data, business.industry, Benchmarking, Biology, Data science, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Metagenomics, Profiling (information science), Critical assessment, Taxonomic rank, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

In metagenome analysis, computational methods for assembly, taxonomic profiling and binning are key components facilitating downstream biological data interpretation. However, a lack of consensus about benchmarking datasets and evaluation metrics complicates proper performance assessment. The Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) challenge has engaged the global developer community to benchmark their programs on datasets of unprecedented complexity and realism. Benchmark metagenomes were generated from ~700 newly sequenced microorganisms and ~600 novel viruses and plasmids, including genomes with varying degrees of relatedness to each other and to publicly available ones and representing common experimental setups. Across all datasets, assembly and genome binning programs performed well for species represented by individual genomes, while performance was substantially affected by the presence of related strains. Taxonomic profiling and binning programs were proficient at high taxonomic ranks, with a notable performance decrease below the family level. Parameter settings substantially impacted performances, underscoring the importance of program reproducibility. While highlighting current challenges in computational metagenomics, the CAMI results provide a roadmap for software selection to answer specific research questions.

Published
2017
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45. Special Issue: Improvements for Resveratrol Efficacy

Author

Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur, Ole Vang, Norbert Latruffe, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Science and Environment [Roskilde], Roskilde University, Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] ( BIO-PEROXIL ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
education, Pharmaceutical Science, macromolecular substances, Resveratrol, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:QD241-441, Human health, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Stilbenes, Drug Discovery, Humans, Medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Cyclodextrins, 010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, food and beverages, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Biotechnology, Editorial, n/a, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Liposomes, Edible plants, Molecular Medicine, business
Abstract

International audience; Resveratrol is a well-known phenolic stilbene because of its presence in several edible plants and its proposed properties that are beneficial to human health [...].

Published
2017
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46. The modern corporation statement on politics

Author

Morgan, Glenn, Soederberg, Susanne, Plehwe, Dieter, Horn, Laura, Chanteau, Jean-Pierre, Alii, Et, Cardiff Business School, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Roskilde University, Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble (CREG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Ciesla, Catherine

Subjects
JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H1 - Structure and Scope of Government, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G30 - General, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H1 - Structure and Scope of Government/H.H1.H10 - General, growth, economics, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, company, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance, value, governance, JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics/E.E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook/E.E6.E60 - General, shareholder, sustainable, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents/H.H3.H30 - General, politics, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, law, stakeholder, management, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents, corporate
Abstract

SSRN papers, 4 p.; Corporate governance is political. Corporate governance is about who gets to have a say in how businesses are organized and how their fruits are divided among different constituencies, particularly owners and workers. National and international politics, laws and regulations shape both the issue of decision-making and the issue of division. In this framing, questions about the "purpose of the corporation" are distinctly political, because the organization of corporate governance is a consequence of political decisions ; a stake of political struggles, creating some of the basic ground rules over how the proceeds from business are distributed ; and a source of political interests and conflicts because actors’ position in the system of business and finance shape who benefits and who has a voice in economic choices. We provide this Summary of certain fundamentals of politics in an effort to help prevent analytical errors which can have severe and damaging effects on corporations.

Published
2017

47. New erythritol derivatives from the fertile form of Roccella montagnei

Author

Bui Linh Chi Huynh, Marylène Chollet-Krugler, Pierre Le Pogam, Kim Phi Phung Nguyen, Poul Erik Hansen, Van Kieu Nguyen, Holger Thüs, Warinthorn Chavasiri, Thi Hoai Nguyen, Thuc-Huy Duong, Joël Boustie, Ho Chi Minh City University of Pedagogy, Ecole des Sciences Naturelles Ho Chi Minh Ville, Université de Ho Chi Minh Ville, Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VIETNAM), Roskilde University, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Life Sciences dpt. - Genomics & Microbial Biodiversity div., Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), This research was supported by Vietnam's National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) grant #104.01–2013.17. This work was also supported partly by University of Rennes 1 (ED SDLM) through a scholarship for T. H. Duong from January to April 2016., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Lichens, Stereochemistry, Roccella montagnei (fertile form), Antineoplastic Agents, Moderate activity, Lichen, Plant Science, Roccella montagnei, Erythritol, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ascomycota, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Moiety, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Montagnetol derivatives, Molecular Biology, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Hydroxy group, Montagnetol, Absolute configuration, General Medicine, Salicylates, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Vietnam, chemistry, cytotoxicity, Specific rotation, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the fertile form of Roccella montagnei collected in Vietnam afforded twelve secondary metabolites, including five new montagnetol derivatives, orsellinylmontagnetols A-D and a furanyl derivative together with seven known compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopic data. The relative stereochemistry of two chiral centers (C-2 and C-3) of orsellinylmontagnetols A and B was elucidated by comparison of their coupling constants and the specific rotation with those reported in the literature while the absolute stereochemistry was determined by the application of a modified Mosher method for the hydroxy group at C-3. The absolute configuration (2R,3S) of the butanetetraol moiety of these compounds is in accordance with that of erythrin, a recognized chemotaxonomic marker of the genus Roccella. Five of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against four cancer cell lines. Only orsellinylmontagnetol A exerted a moderate activity against MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 68.39 ± 3.46 μM.

Published
2017
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48. The notion and role of 'detection tests' in the Danish upper secondary 'maths counsellor' programme

Author

Uffe Thomas Jankvist, Mogens Niss, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Roskilde University, IMFUFA, Denmark, Dooley, Therese, Dooley, Thérèse, and Gueudet, Ghislaine

Subjects
[MATH] Mathematics [math], [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Detection test, [MATH]Mathematics [math], "maths counsellor", learning difficulties, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents and discusses a specific aspect of the Danish "maths counsellor" programme for upper secondary school, namely that of detection tests. More precisely, the purpose and design of a detection test is presented, as is the prospective counsellors' use of the test. In the description, emphasis is placed on the ways in which detection tests assist in informing the maths counsellors in their work with students experiencing learning difficulties in mathematics.

Published
2017

49. Investigating sources of measured forest-atmosphere ammonia fluxes using two-layer bi-directional modelling

Author

Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Erwan Personne, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Rasmus Thybo Jensen, Benjamin Loubet, Krihansen Hansen, Eva Boegh, Andreas Ibrom, Roskilde University, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Worcester State University [Worcester], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), IT University of Copenhagen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], and Roskilde Universitet [Roskilde]

Subjects
OILSEED RAPE, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Reactive nitrogen, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, IASI SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS, PHYSIOLOGICAL-PARAMETERS, INTENSIVELY MANAGED GRASSLAND, Temperate deciduous forest, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Atmosphere, Ammonia, Forest ecology, AIR-QUALITY MODEL, REACTIVE NITROGEN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, Tree canopy, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Measurements, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Deciduous forest, Deposition (aerosol physics), 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Compensation point, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biosphere atmosphere exchanges
Abstract

Understanding and predicting the ammonia (NH3) exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere is important due to the environmental consequences of the presence of reactive nitrogen (N-r) in the environment. The dynamics of the natural sources are, however, not well understood, especially not for forest ecosystems due to the complex nature of this soil-vegetation-atmosphere system. Furthermore, the high reactivity of NH3 makes it technically complex and expensive to measure and understand the forest atmospheric NH3 exchange. The aim of this study is to investigate the NH3 flux partitioning between the ground layer, cuticle and stomata compartments for two temperate deciduous forest ecosystems located in Midwestern, USA (MMSF) and in Denmark (DK-Sor). This study is based on measurements and simulations of the surface energy balance, fluxes of CO2 and NH3 during two contrasted periods of the forest ecosystems, a period with full developed canopy (MMSF) and a senescent period for the DK-Sor site, with leaf fall and leaf litter build-up. Both datasets indicate emissions of NH3 from the forest to the atmosphere. The two-layer NH3 compensation point model SURFATM-NH3 was used in combination with a coupled photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model to represent seasonal variation in canopy physiological activity for simulating both net ecosystem CO2 exchange rates (R-2=0.77 for MMSF and R-2 = 0.84 for DK-Sor) and atmospheric NH3 fluxes (R-2 = 0.43 for MMSF and R-2 = 0.60 for DK-Sor). A scaling of the ground layer NH3 emission potential (Gamma(g)) was successfully applied using the plant area index (PM) to represent the build-up of a litter layer in the leaf fall period. For a closed green forest canopy (MMSF), unaffected by agricultural NH3 sources, NH3 was emitted with daytime fluxes up to 50 ng NH3-N m(-2) s(-1) and nighttime fluxes up to 30 ng NH3-N m(-2) s(-1). For a senescing forest (DK-Sor), located in an agricultural region, deposition rates of 250 ng NH3-N m(-2) s(-1) were measured prior to leaf fall, and emission rates up to 670 ng NH3-N m(-2) s(-1) were measured following leaf fall. For MMSF, simulated stomatal NH3 emissions explain the daytime flux observations well, and it is hypothesized that cuticular desorption is responsible for the observed NH3 emissions at night. During leaf fall in DK-Sor, ground fluxes dominate the NH3 flux with a mean emission rate of 150 ng NH3-N m(-2) s(-1). This study shows that forests potentially comprise a natural source of NH3 to the atmosphere, and that it is crucial to take into account the bi-directional exchange processes related to both the stomatal, cuticular and ground layer pathways in order to realistically simulate forest-atmosphere fluxes of NH3. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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50. Principles for Re-Designing Information Systems for Environmental Sustainability

Author

Jan C. Recker, Richard L. Baskerville, Jan Pries-Heje, Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Roskilde University, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Francisco J. Mata, Ana Pont, Mata, Francisco J., and Pont, Ana

Subjects
Knowledge management, media_common.quotation_subject, Design principles, Green information systems, 02 engineering and technology, Development theory, 12. Responsible consumption, 020204 information systems, 0502 economics and business, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Information system, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Sustainability organizations, 080608 Information Systems Development Methodologies, Environmental sustainability, Function (engineering), media_common, Theory development, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Environmental resource management, Systems science, Sustainability science, Systems design, 150302 Business Information Systems, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Environmental science, 050299 Environmental Science and Management not elsewhere classified, business, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Part 1: Environment and Sustainable Development; International audience; Many information systems claim to be “green”, meaning in support of environmental sustainability. But at closer look we find that these claims are often unsubstantiated; in other words, many green systems are not making any environment more sustainable. We identify three main root causes. First, the ‘environment’ is often ill-defined. Second, systems often overlook that ‘sustainability’ is a targeted function dependent on the goals of some stakeholders, which may include designers, users, organizations, policy makers, society or the planet as a whole. Third, we find that research on green information systems often overlooks conceptualizations such as ecology, environment or sustainability that originate in the sciences of the system, i.e., the basis on which information systems are built. To address these issues we present eight new design principles unique to the development of Green Information Systems that can act as prescriptive coherent design theory for developing information systems that improve environmental sustainability.

Published
2016
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