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Currently, fiberglass is used as an insulation material, and this synthetic fiber is categorised as nonbiodegradable and causes air pollution. This study compared the thermal and acoustical properties of Betong bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and fiberglass. Conductivity (K-Value) and sound absorption coefficient (SAC) were measured for both materials. The SAC was calculated using an impedance tube at low and high frequencies in accordance with EN ISO 10534-2:2001, while thermal conductivity was measured using Solteq HE110 thermal conductivity apparatus. From data analysis, the k-values of bamboo and fibreglass were 0.05 and 0.04, respectively. The analysis also showed that the difference in k-value between natural and synthetic fibers was 0.01 at 25 mm thickness, while fiberglass was 4.986. For sound acoustic, bamboo fibre showed 0.54 and 0.86 SAC between 2000 Hz and 2500 Hz, while 0.47 and 0.71 SAC were recorded for fibreglass. It can be concluded that bamboo fibre could be used as thermal and sound insulation, with performance equal to or better than fibreglass. Further research can be extended to make bamboo fibers as natural insulation for ducting, or in building. This study recommends refining bamboo fibres using different binders to increase durability and be used as insulation in the future

There is growing concern to determine an alternative adsorbent for remediating landfill leachate effluent with minimal environmental impact and operational cost. In this work, four low cost sustainable biocomposite materials such as limestone, peat, activated carbon and zeolite were employed as an adsorbent media in an adsorption batch study for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from landfill leachate. Isotherm adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich were utilized to analyze the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fit for experimental data with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 26.18 mg/g which is indicated that the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption took placed on the surface of biocomposite with monolayer formation of the adsorbate at a specific homogeneous site. The adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir’s model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich’s model (R2 = 0.98)

There is growing concern to determine an alternative adsorbent for remediating landfill leachate effluent with minimal environmental impact and operational cost. In this work, four low cost sustainable biocomposite materials such as limestone, peat, activated carbon and zeolite were employed as an adsorbent media in an adsorption batch study for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from landfill leachate. Isotherm adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich were utilized to analyze the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fit for experimental data with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 26.18 mg/g which is indicated that the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption took placed on the surface of biocomposite with monolayer formation of the adsorbate at a specific homogeneous site. The adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir’s model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich’s model (R2 = 0.98

Natural material, agricultural waste, and industrial waste are locally accessible resources that are utilized as environment-friendly and inexpensive sorbent. The natural abundance source like green waste mussel shell (GWMS) adsorbent makes them an advantageous basic sorbent material to produce inexpensive water treatment adsorbent. This study addresses the evaluation of GWMS as an efcient sorbent material to minimize the utilization of traditional adsorbents namely activated carbon (AC) and zeolite (ZEO) for removing pollutants from leachate. COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3–N) were identifed as the two problematic parameters in landfll leachate. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with 100 mL of prepared leachate solution in 2.5 g, 7.5 g, and 12.5 g dosages. The leachate solution was shaken in an incubator for 2 h at 200 rpm shaking speed and pH 7. The GWMS dosage at 7.5 g illustrated that the removal percentage of COD is 71% and that of NH3–N is 47%. The adsorption capacity related to the complete monolayer coverage of saturated molecules shows that the maximum adsorption capacity of COD is 47.39 mg g−1 and that of NH3–N is 26.18 mg g−1. Langmuir and Freundlich values are better described by Langmuir than Freundlich based on R2 values for COD > NH3–N where 0.9941>0.9891. The R2 values for COD > NH3–N for the linear plot of the pseudo-second-order were 0.9997>0.9763, respectively.

The rubber industry generates wastewater containing with elevated concentrations of organic compounds, suspended particulates, ammonia, colorants, and other impurities. The objective for this study is to investigate the efcacy of zeolite (ZEO) in reducing ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in efuents from the rubber industry. Samples were collected directly from a manufacturer’s discharge point. The study examined the efects of diferent factors, such as pH, dosage, retention time, and shaken speed. The optimal conditions for NH3-N and COD removal were found at a pH of 7, using 4.0 g of the adsorbent, agitated at 150 rpm for a retention period of 120 min. The pollutant removal efciency achieved around 85% across most batch experiments. The Langmuir model best described the experimental results, with R-squared values of 0.9983 and 0.9979 for NH3-N and COD respectively. Meanwhile, the pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetics model provided the closest ft for equilibrium studies, with R-squared values between 0.9988 and 1.000 for 90% of the investigations. Further studies are suggested to investigation zeolite’s efcacy in removing other contaminants, such as TDS, Zn, Fe, and Cu, from rubber industry wastewater.

A novel approach for the low-cost bioadsorbent for the removal of leachate pollutants is presented herein. In this study, limestone is combined with zeolite in order to fabricate biocomposite media with different ratios. Results revealed that limestone-zeolite biocomposite adsorbed ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD, which could possibly be used for the adsorption of NH3-N and COD efficiently from leachate. The optimum mixing ratio by means was carried out using series of batch experiments for limestone and zeolite to measure the remediation of NH3-N and COD in a stabilized leached. The optimum ratio for limestone and zeolite in the remediation of NH3-N and COD obtained were at 25:15 (82%) and 30:10 (75%), respectively. Indeed, the prepared limestone-zeolite biocomposite is a low-cost and effective adsorbent was potential used to derive the NH3-N and COD for a promising adsorption efficiency from stabilized landfill leachate.

The optimal conditions for the reduction of COD and NH3-N using cockle shells (CS) from a stabilised landfill effluent were analyzed. The influence of two variables (adsorbent dosage and pH) were analysed through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models were developed for the removals of COD and NH3-N parameters. The optimum conditions for removal of 65.6% and 53.6% for COD and NH3-N respectively was achieved at pH 6.34, adsorbent dosage of 20.21 g having 0.888 desirability value. The model F-value obtained for NH3-N removal Prob. > F value of 0.0001 with F-value of 104.21 was obtained. Similarly the Prob. > F value of < 0.0001 for COD with F-value of 82.74 was obtained, these P-values confirmed the significance of the model. The predicted response versus the experimental response depicted that the experimental data were relatively close to the predicted data. Thus, the generated models significantly enclosed the correlation between the process variables and the response.   GMT Detect languageAfrikaansAlbanianArabicArmenianAzerbaijaniBasqueBelarusianBengaliBosnianBulgarianCatalanCebuanoChichewaChinese (Simplified)Chinese (Traditional)CroatianCzechDanishDutchEnglishEsperantoEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchGalicianGeorgianGermanGreekGujaratiHaitian CreoleHausaHebrewHindiHmongHungarianIcelandicIgboIndonesianIrishItalianJapaneseJavaneseKannadaKazakhKhmerKoreanLaoLatinLatvianLithuanianMacedonianMalagasyMalayMalayalamMalteseMaoriMarathiMongolianMyanmar (Burmese)NepaliNorwegianPersianPolishPortuguesePunjabiRomanianRussianSerbianSesothoSinhalaSlovakSlovenianSomaliSpanishSundaneseSwahiliSwedishTajikTamilTeluguThaiTurkishUkrainianUrduUzbekVietnameseWelshYiddishYorubaZulu AfrikaansAlbanianArabicArmenianAzerbaijaniBasqueBelarusianBengaliBosnianBulgarianCatalanCebuanoChichewaChinese (Simplified)Chinese (Traditional)CroatianCzechDanishDutchEnglishEsperantoEstonianFilipinoFinnishFrenchGalicianGeorgianGerm

Leachate is a liquid generated due to rainwater percolation through the wastes in a landfill or dumping site that may contain high levels of organic matter including both biodegradable and non-biodegradable which major source of water pollution. In this research work, landfill leachate has been characterized and found to contain very high COD and color. Adsorption process was performed to find out the performance of different combinations ratio between limestone (LS) and zeolite (ZEO). The removal efficiencies of different ratios were examined for reduction of COD and color. The optimum mixture ratio of adsorbents (LS:ZEO) at 10:30 and 15:25 were found to be more effective in reducing COD and color respectively as compared with the use of individual media. The highest removal percentage were found at approximately 55% of COD and 76% of color with 120 minutes of contact time, 200 rpm in shaking speed at pH7. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model exhibited a better fit with high correlation R2=0.9991 for COD and R2=0.9827 for (color) respectively, which implies that the adsorption of leachate in this study onto LS-ZEO is homogeneous with monolayer. It was observed that limestone and zeolite mixture provides an alternative medium for removing COD and color at a considerably lower cost.

This paper reported the optimization of COD and NH3-N reduction from a stabilised leachate by zeolite (ZE) and moringa oleifera leaf powder (MP) mixture using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Quadratic polynomial equations were obtained for the removal process. An initial experiment was conducted to establish the optimum mixed ratio between ZE:MP and resulted in a ratio of 24:16. Independent variables investigated in the subsequent optimization experiments include pH ,dosage and contact time. The results revealed that the optimal reduction of COD and NH3-N from landfill leachate was considerable at pH 5.9 , optimal time of 113 minutes and 100gL-1 of adsorbent dosage with desirability value of 0.917. The upper limits for the actual versus predicted reduction were 70.14 against 69.13%Â and 86.94 against 86.55 % respectively for COD and NH3-N which defined that the experimental values were relatively close to the predicted values. The study also revealed that ZE:MP mixture has a very high potential for the remediation of COD and NH3-N from a stabilized leachate.

The optimal conditions for the reduction of COD and NH3-N using cockle shells (CS) from a stabilised landfill effluent were analyzed. The influence of two variables (adsorbent dosage and pH) were analysed through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Quadratic models were developed for the removals of COD and NH3-N parameters. The optimum conditions for removal of 65.6% and 53.6% for COD and NH3-N respectively was achieved at pH 6.34, adsorbent dosage of 20.21 g having 0.888 desirability value. The model F-value obtained for NH3-N removal Prob. > F value of 0.0001 with F-value of 104.21 was obtained. Similarly the Prob. > F value of < 0.0001 for COD with F-value of 82.74 was obtained, these P-values confirmed the significance of the model. The predicted response versus the experimental response depicted that the experimental data were relatively close to the predicted data. Thus, the generated models significantly enclosed the correlation between the process variables and the response.

Micro-peat (M-P) was demonstrated in the present study as a potential low cost natural adsorbent for the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate. A series of batch experiments were carried out under fixed conditions and the influence of mixture ratio was investigated. The characteristics of leachate were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentration of COD (2739.06 mg/L), NH3-N (1765.34 mg/L) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.09). The optimum ratio for activated carbon (AC) and M-P in the removal of COD and NH3-N obtained were at 2.5:1.5 (87%) and 1.0:3.0 (65%) respectively. The low-cost natural adsorbent used in the present investigation is an attractive alternative to the conventional adsorbent (AC). Thus, M-P can be appropriated for use in leachate treatment that could be cost-effective due its local availability and adsorption property.

Adsorption is a commonly used method for the removal of such various pollutants from aqueous solutions. Nowadays, due to cost-effectiveness, the adsorbent should be economical and cheaply available in abundance and it should require minimal for discharge into water bodies. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) to partially replace with peat as an inexpensive adsorbate composite medium for removing suspended solid (SS), colour and iron (Fe) from landfill leachate. The process of identifying the optimum composition of the composite adsorbent was carried out using batch technique. It shaken for 120 minutes with 200 rpm at pH 7. The optimum ratio of peat and AC had been chosen as 2.0:2.0 for SS and color while 2.5:1.5 for Fe. The value of the removal percentage for SS, colour and Fe were 71.6%, 74.4% and 79.6% in respectively. This indicates that peat can be used as a cost-effective medium to partially substitute of commercially AC in the composite for SS, colour and iron removal at a considerably lower cost.

Adsorption is a commonly used method for the removal of such various pollutants from aqueous solutions. Nowadays, due to cost-effectiveness, the adsorbent should be economical and cheaply available in abundance and it should require minimal for discharge into water bodies. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of activated carbon (AC) to partially replace with peat as an inexpensive adsorbate composite medium for removing color and iron (Fe) from landfill leachate. The process of identifying the optimum composition of the composite adsorbent was carried out using batch technique. It shaken for 2 hours with 200 rpm at pH 7. The optimum ratio of peat and AC had been chosen as 2.0:2.0 for color while 2.5:1.5 for Fe. The value of the removal percentage for color and Fe were 74.4% and 79.6% in respectively. This indicates that peat can be used as a cost-effective medium to partially substitute of commercially AC in the composite for color and iron removal at a considerably lower cost.

Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bahan komposit baharu yang terdiri daripada tanah gambut, batu kapur, zeolit dan karbon teraktif sebagai bahan mentahnya untuk menjerap ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) dan permintaan oksigen kimia (COD) secara serentak dari larut resapan stabil. Tahap kehidrofobikan (penolakan air) ditentukan melalui kaedah masa penembusan titik air (WDPT) dan sudut sentuhan air (WCA) untuk tanah gambut, batu kapur, zeolit dan karbon teraktif. Nisbah optimum dijalankan melalui ujikaji penjerapan kelompok. Simen Portland biasa (OPC) digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat sebanyak 40 peratus (mengikut berat). Tanah gambut dan karbon teraktif dikategorikan sebagai penjerap hidrofobik di mana nisbah optimum adalah 1.5:2.5. Batu kapur dan zeolit dikategorikan sebagai penjerap hidrofilik di mana nisbah optimum adalah 15:25. Nisbah optimum untuk penjerap hidrofobik dan hidrofilik telah dipilih sebagai 4:4 sesuai dengan tingkah laku penjerapan NH3-N dan COD ke atas penjerap. Pencirian penjerap komposit telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendarkilau sinar-x (XRF), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi (FTIR), mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM), luas permukaan Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), titratan Boehm dan pH di caj titik sifar (pHzpc). Analisis XRF bagi penjerap komposit menunjukkan kehadiran kalsium oksida dan silika oksida yang tinggi sebagai sebatian utama. Kumpulan-kumpulan berfungsi utama dalam penjerap komposit adalah O-H, N-H, O-C, C-N, C-O dan Si-O-Si. Analisis SEM mendedahkan bahawa penjerap komposit mempunyai permukaan liang yang heterogen dan kasar. Luas permukaan BET penjerap komposit adalah 105.96 m2/g. Kumpulan berfungsi permukaan jelas menunjukkan bahawa jumlah kumpulan asas lebih tinggi daripada jumlah kumpulan berasid. pHzpc untuk penjerap komposit adalah pada pH 11.25 di mana caj permukaannya adalah seimbang. Kesan kelajuan goncangan, masa sentuhan, pH, saiz partikel dan dos penjerap pada penyingkiran NH3-N dan COD telah diukur. Penjera