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This research follows a multi-case study model, with a descriptive qualitative approach. Located in SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat. Data collection uses techniques: interviews, documentation, and observation. Testing the validity of the data follows the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Data analysis uses techniques: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed: (1) Implementation of Academic Supervision includes three activities, namely: (a) program planning (b) Academic Supervision strategy and (c) evaluation using standard assessment instruments (2) Supporting and inhibiting factors and (3) Role Principal as Supervisor. (4) Description of the increase in teacher professional competence after carrying out academic supervision, 6 initial competency class teachers received a fair predicate (C) but the final competence increased to: 3 class teachers received a good predicate (B), and 3 teachers the class at SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat has improved to very good (A) thus the implementation of academic supervision has increased the professional competence of teachers at SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengikuti model studi multi kasus, dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Berlokasi di SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat.Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik: wawancara, dokumentasi,dan observasi. Pengujian keabsahan data mengikuti kriteria kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, dan konfirmabilitas. Analisis data menggunakan teknik: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Implementasi Supervisi Akademik meliputi tiga kegiatan, yaitu : (a) perencanaan program (b) strategi Supervisi Akademik dan (c) evaluasi menggunakan instrumen penilaian baku (2) Faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta (3) Peran Kepala Sekolah sebagai Supervisor.(4) Gambaran peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru setelah melakukan supervisi akademik, 6 orang guru kelas kompetensi awal berpredikat cukup (C) namun kompetensi akhir meningkat menjadi: 3 orang guru kelas menjadi predikat baik (B), dan 3 orang guru kelas di SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat meningkat menjadi baik sekali (A) dengan demikian pelaksanaan supervisi akademik terjadi peningkatan pada kompetensi professional guru di SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat.

This study aims to improve the ability of teachers through academic supervision in assessing student learning outcomes at SDN 2 Geureudong Pase. The research subjects were class teachers at SD Negeri 2 Geureudong Pase consisting of 6 teachers from class I to class VI teachers. While the object of research is improving the ability of teachers to carry out activities to assess student learning outcomes. The data collected in the implementation of this class action research activity was carried out through several techniques, namely observation techniques, interview techniques and documentation techniques. The qualitative descriptive data analysis in this study is to interpret the data by comparing the results before and after the action. This data analysis was carried out during the reflection stage. The results of the analysis are used as material for reflection to carry out further planning in the next cycle. Based on the results of School Action Research (PTS) it can be concluded that the implementation of academic supervision is proven to improve the ability of teachers to carry out learning outcomes assessment activities. The teacher shows seriousness in understanding and carrying out learning outcomes assessment activities. This can be proven from the results of observations which show that there is an increase in the teacher's ability to carry out learning outcomes assessment activities from cycle to cycle. In the first cycle, the average achievement value classically went from 42.82 in the LESS category, increased to 67.82 in the ENOUGH category and in the last cycle to 86.11 in the GOOD category, and individually per teacher from 2 people or 33.33 % in the first cycle increased to 100% or 6 teachers in the last cycle. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru melalui supervisi akademik dalam melakukan penelaian hasil belajar siswa SDN 2 Geureudong Pase. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas di SD Negeri 2 Geureudong Pase yang terdiri dari 6 orang guru kelas I sampai dengan guru kelas VI. Sedangkan yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan kegiatan penilaian hasil belajar siswa Data yang dikumpulkan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas ini melalui beberapa teknik, yaitu teknik observasi, teknik wawancara dan teknik dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dalam penelitian ini adalah memaknai data dengan cara membandingkan hasil dari sebelum dilakukan tindakan dan sesudah tindakan. Analisis data ini dilakukan pada saat tahapan refleksi. Hasil analisis digunakan sebagai bahan refleksi untuk melakukan perencanaan lanjut dalam siklus selanjutnya. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervisi akademik terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan penilaian hasil belajar. Guru menunjukkan keseriusan dalam memahami dan melaksanakan kegiatan penilaian hasil belajar. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dari hasil observasi/pengamatan yang memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kemampuan guru melaksanakan kegiatan penilaian hasil belajar dari siklus ke siklus . Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata capaian secara klasikal dari 42,82 dengan kategori KURANG, meningkat menjadi 67,82 dengan kategori CUKUP serta pada siklus terakhir menjadi 86,11 dengan kategori BAIK, dan secara individual per guru dari 2 orang atau 33,33% pada siklus pertama meningkat menjadi 100% atau 6 orang guru pada siklus terakhir.

Islamic civilization has experienced several periods, where in each period it always shows the values of Islamic universalism in various aspects of life which can be a lesson for Muslims in the current era of globalization. The principles of government developed by the Prophet were based on verses of the Qur’an such as the principle of equality (Al-Musâwa), the principle of independence (Al-Hurriyyah), the principle of plurality (Taaddudiyah). These principles were later developed to become the principles of nation and state that we know today. The universalism of this principle can not only be developed in Islamic countries but also non-Muslim countries.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan belajar matematika di sekolah dasar. Matematika sering dianggap sebagai pembelajaran yang sulit dan menakutkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya: Kurangnya motivasi dan minat yang dimiliki siswa merupakan factor internal yang sangat mempengaruhi pembelajaran siswa. Selain itu, faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi pembelajaran siswa yaitu penunjang pembelajaran yang kurang memadai, pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan membosankan dan dorongan dari lingkungan yang kurang sesuai, serta adanya kesenjangan antara konsep matematika yang abstrak dengan cara berpikir siswa sekolah dasar yang masih konkrit. Salah satu materi matematika yang dianggap sulit dan berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran selanjutnya yaitu materi perkalian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan media PATIPELA pada materi operasi hitung perkalian bilangan cacah di kelas II sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode DBR (Design Based Reaserch) dengan subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas II SD Negeri 1 Banjar melalui teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, angket, validasi ahli, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian memperoleh validasi dari para ahli dengan persentase 90%, 80%, dan 92,5%. Uji coba yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil persentase sangat setuju dengan persentase 61%. Persentase untuk siswa yang merespon setuju yaitu 38% dan siswa yang memilih kurang setuju dan tidak setuju masing-masing yaitu sebanyak 0,5%. Dengan demikian media PATIPELA layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi operasi hitung perkalian bilangan cacah di kelas II sekolah dasar.

Introduction: Improving the quality of life of children is one of the goals of the health development program. The growth of children's health is not discriminated against in this scenario. All children with special needs or impairments are covered by child health services, whether at Special Schools (SS), other institutions, or in the community. This study aimed to evaluated the effectiveness of using an electric toothbrushes, compared to conventional toothbrushes, in the reduction of dental plaque score. Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. All school-aged children with mental impairment in SS Jambi City, Indonesia were included in this study. Overall, 20 children were assigned to the intervention group (n=10) and to the control group (n=10). The Personal Hygiene Performance-Modified (PHP-M) was used to examine plaque index for the assessment of dental and oral hygiene. Results: In the pretest-posttest, mean difference values in plaque scores were statistically significant in both the intervention (19.50±3.89, p

The purpose of this study is to reveal the strengthening of the government's role in anticipating radicalism. For this reason, a study of literature related to radical movements and government efforts to anticipate them was conducted. Data sources of this research are articles or papers as secondary data. Therefore, data collection uses literature study techniques. Data analysis used Three-Track techniques, namely reduction, categorization, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained are (1) the role of the government or the state is to create a sense of security for its citizens, (2) strengthening the security sector in the form of main task and function’s improvements, and improving of security. (3) reorienting education towards multicultural education. (4) public-based social cultural campaign in the form of building public awareness to stop radicalism. Conclusion is the government needs to build public awareness through state defense and multiculturalism education in anticipation of radicalism.

The Bantaeng megalithic site houses megalithic cultural relics, such as terraces (teras berundak), dakon, lumpang batu, menhir, dolmen, stone altars, circular stone (batu temu gelang), tombs, and fences, including fragments of pottery and foreign ceramics on the surface of the site. In addition, residents on the site also preserves and performs traditional megalithic rituals. This study aims to find out the functions and meanings of these megalithic cultural relics using surveys, inventory studies, and interviews to the local community. The results indicate that the megalithic culture functions both as a sacred medium of ritual, and a secular instrument of daily life. Furthermore, some of the elements of megalithic culture have symbolic meaning which are related to social status, cosmic symbols, agriculture, astrology, and religious symbols.

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018 sebagai kegiatan pengembangan profesi guru.Karya tulis ini membahas tentang upaya nyata dan inovasi dari penulis dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan metode resitasi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kontribusi penerapan metode resitasi terhadap peningkatkan hasil belajar dan sikap positif siswa kelas IV pada SD As’adiyah 8 Sabbang dalam pembelajaran matematika khususnya materi KPK dan FPB.Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan di SD As’adiyah 8 Sabbang pada siswa kelas IV semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus. Siklus pertama terdiri dari dua tindakan dan siklus kedua juga terdiri dari dua tindakan. Prosedur yang dilaksanakan pada setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.Untuk mendapatkan data digunakan lembar observasi dan hasil tes pada setiap siklus. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode resitasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV pada SD As’adiyah 8 Sabbang dalam proses pembelajaran matematika khususnya materi KPK dan FPB.

Exploiting natural resources must be based on an environmental approach. This is reasonable because environmental problems are closely related to the process of population growth, which is the high demand for natural resources. One of the most widely used natural resources by humans for various purposes is coal. The negative impact of coal mining is that it triggers deforestation (deforestation) and exacerbates climate change. Therefore, in the exploration and exploitation management process, every mining material, especially coal, requires various AMDAL mechanisms as part of environmentally sound development management. Provisions regarding mineral and coal mining activities oblige mining companies to carry out reclamation and post-mining activities over the mining areas they manage. The scope of the implementation of reclamation activities starts from exploration, land clearing, excavation of topsoil and over burden, coal excavation, land management, revegetation including preparation of nurseries, and maintenance and evaluation of activity results. The implementation of reclamation is carried out no later than one month after there are no more mining business activities on disturbed land. Reclamation and post-mining activities are one of the obligations of mining business activities that should be taken into account.

Nursing policy makers should read this research because nurses' empathy in patient care is strongly influenced by many factors, including organizational justice. Several previous research results have carried out this research. Even so, a firm answer is needed about whether empathy is influenced by organizational justice more comprehensively in its dimensions. Objective to determine the effect of multidimensional organizational justice on nurse empathy. This study uses a quantitative survey research method with a cross-sectional study approach with a sample of 126 nurse respondents. The sample used is purposive sampling. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling SEM AMOS 22.00. The results of the analysis p = 0.026, accepted, meaning that the procedural justice variable has a significant effect on empathy. The results of the analysis obtained that the value of p = 0.033, n is accepted, meaning that the Distributive Justice variable has a significant effect on empathy. The results of the analysis obtained the p*** value, accepted, meaning that the Interpersonal Justice variable had a significant effect on empathy. 4) The results of the analysis obtained that the value of p = 0.8 was rejected, meaning that there was no influence of Informational Justice on Empathy. Three dimensions of justice have an effect on empathy while informational justice has no effect on empathy

This research was motivated by the limited media for sports learning Gymnastics material, especially for schools located in the regions. This research aims to produce digital learning media products in the development of teileren and global (Ganze) methods. This research was carried out by using “Research and Development” The model that is used as a reference in this research is the Borg & Gall development research with 10 developments, in this research, the researchers adopted the Steps as follows: 1) Preliminary Study; 2) Develop planning and analyze the media to be made; 3) product Initial development; 4) Conduct small group trials; 5) Product Revision; 6) Conduct field trials; and 7) Revise the final product. The sample in this research were students of the PO FIK UNP Department who attended basic Gymnastics and learning lectures with a total of ninety people for small group subject trials and one hundred and forty people for field trials. As a result and conclusion of this research, namely the resulting learning media products for practical material with a score of 4 with good criteria and media with a score of 4.33 with a very good category.

Education is one of the sectors affected by COVID-19, including education in universities, resulting in the transformation of synchronous learning into asynchronous learning. Because covid 19 suddenly came to change the entire process of human life in the world, including changing the learning process in the world of education. Educators are required to be able to use technology in the preparation of teaching materials so that lectures continue to run as they should. Based on the learning process in the July-December semester which is fully online, of course, many problems are found. Based on the problems faced, the purpose of this research is to develop interactive learning media for the technique of passing down and passing over based on android technology using MIT App Inventor. The sample in this study was 120 students who took volleyball lessons. The stages of research methods are analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. From the results of data analysis on the media validation test to see the feasibility of the media carried out, it was obtained an average value of 67.5 with a percentage of 77% and was categorized as feasible after revision of the media.

The low learning outcomes of students in the subject of modification of sports and small games are considered as the problem in this research that is mostly caused by the lack of learning media facilities for students in the online classes that leads them to difficulty in understanding the provided learning materials. This study aims to develop an e-module on the subject of modification of sports and small games. The ADDIE development model is being used in this Research and Development (R&D). There are several activities needed as the research method, such as exploring the potential and actual problems, collecting all information by developing, validating, revising, conducting trials and errors of the game models for the effectiveness and efficiency of the model used. The results of the study showed from the experts of materials that at the development stage and the level of validity by the score of 3.60 which was in the highly valid by the percentage of 90.5%. From the media experts validation by the score of 3.65 which was high valid category by the percentage of 92, 55%.

Kelompok masyarakat golongan produktif di kota Kendari relatif tinggi, tetapi angka serapan lapangan kerja tergolong masih rendah. Kelompok masyarakat dengan status fresh graduate cenderung mengalami peningkatkan setiap tahun. Rendahnya daya serap lapangan kerja, menyebabkan sulit mendapatkan peluang kerja sesuai bidang dan kompetensi. Fenomena ini menjadi peluang dan tantangan bagi fresh graduate untuk mengembangkan diri sehingga jika mereka tidak terserap di dunia kerja, mereka menjadi perintis usaha-usaha produktif yang berpotensi menjadi berkembang dan maju. Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan keterampilan kelompok sasaran muslimah fresh graduate agar memiliki keterampilan mengolah produk berbasis perikanan, sehingga selain keterampilannya bertambah, mereka juga akan termotivasi untuk mempersiapkan diri terjun ke dunia kerja sebagai owner. Dengan sendirinya ini menjadi sumbangsih bagi perbaikan ekonomi dalam keluarga yang berimplementasi pada membuka lapangan kerja baru dan mengurangi penganggguran. Metode pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada pada kelompok sasaran (fresh graduate) adalah penyuluhan, berupa sosialisasi program melalui penguatan kapasitas terhadap manfaat dan potensi pengembangan produk berbasis perikanan dan pelatihan pembuatan produk-produk berbasis hasil perikanan, cara memproduksi, cara mengemas dan menyimpan produk hasil perikanan secara tepat agar bertahan lama dan mudah didistribusikan kepada konsumen. Target luaran berupa produk olahan berbasis perikanan, disenangi oleh kalangan masyarakat segala jenis umur, bercita rasa khas, harga terjangkau tetapi bernilai gizi tinggi. Hasil kegiatan ini telah memberi dampak bagi kelompok sasaran berupa tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai metode penangan, pengolahan, pengemasan dan penyinpanan produk hasil perikanan lebih baik dibanding sebelum mengikuti kegiatan, dan diharapkan keterampilan ini dapat diaplikasikan baik di rumah tangga maupun untuk pengembangan usaha

This study investigates the issue of compensation based on the absolute responsibility principle in the Air Asia QZ 8501 airplane accident in 2014. This study uses normative juridical legal research with secondary data as primary data obtained through literature study. The results indicate a lack of clarity in the implementation of compensation as regulated in the National Aviation Law regarding the maximum amount of time required in insurance claims toward the heirs. Without a precise time limit, airlines and insurance companies will create many obstacles during the data collection process and the documents involved. It is recommended that the government strengthen the rules regarding the provisions in implementing compensation, especially related to the insurance claim process toward the heirs. In addition, it is also recommended for airlines and insurance companies to consistently set a precise time limit for the investigation and identification of the victims to speed up the issuance of the necessary documents from the Court. Keywords: Airplane Accident, Compensation, International Air Freight, Principle of Liability, Strict Liability.

This paper analyses the rules and implementation regarding the Release and Discharge Agreement in the compensation settlement process by airlines company based on national and international law. The results show that this release and discharge agreement is not per Article 186 of the Aviation Law, which regulate that the carrier as a business actor is prohibited from making special agreements or requirements that negate the carrier's responsibility or determine a lower limit than the current compensation limit. According to international law, this release and discharge agreement does not follow Article 26 of the 1999 Montreal Convention, which regulates that airlines companies are not allowed to form contracts that may reduce or eliminate the amount of liability. Hence, obstacles arise in the ccompensation settlements when using Release and Discharge Agreement documents, the method of airline liability, and proving the cause of the accident to exclude the payment of compensation settlements to passengers. It is recommended to improve the rules related to the carrier's responsibility to ensure that passengers could get their rights according to the provisions contained in the legislation and maximize the implementation of international conventions related to aviation that have been ratified into national regulations. Keywords: Compensation, Liability, Release and Discharge Agreement, Airline Company, Passenger.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed many things, including the policy direction for the schedule of examinations for pregnant women, which was initially at least four times during pregnancy to one time, as long as the pregnancy is not problematic. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many pregnant women are reluctant to check their pregnancy at the hospital for fear of contracting the Corona virus, even though pregnancy checks still need to be carried out regularly. The purpose of this community service is to provide training to health cadres regarding emergencies in pregnancy so that cadres can provide assistance in order to identify emergency conditions during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of activities carried out is cadre training and assistance to pregnant women. The results showed that after the training activities, the level of knowledge of cadres on emergency services in pregnant women increased and pregnant women in the high risk category were 53.7%. In conclusion, this community service program has succeeded in increasing the knowledge of cadres in assisting pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Childrens with Autism have difficulty to clean their oral cavity because less of ability in motor skills. Case reports show that the average autistic child has dental caries and periodontal disease due to the inability to brush their teeth properly. Autistic children spend a lot of time with their families so that the role of families, especially parents, is very important in the development of children with autism. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of brush teeth video counseling to improve brushing teeth skill in parents of autistic children at SLB 2 Provinsi Jambi. Study design is a quasi experimental study. The independent variable was the video counsellling of brushing teeth and the dependent variable was the parent’s ability of brushing teeth. The Sample in this study were parents of autistic children who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average age of the respondents was 41 years (CI: 38 - 44). Wilcoxon test showed p value 0, 0001 (0.05) means significant difference of brushing skills between treatment group and control group. Mann Whitney showed p value 0.0042 (0.05), means significant difference between before and after intervention in the treatment group. Providing education on brushing skills to children with autism cannot be done instantly, it is necessary for the role of parents in teaching tooth brushing skills to be carried out continuously until children can brush their teeth independently. There is an improvement in brushing skills in parents of autistic children through counseling using videos on how to brush teeth.

The coast of western Indonesia (Aceh province) has been the entrance for Rohingya refugees since 2012. At the beginning of 2020, the Rohingya refugees continued to arrive, although some of them have been resettled and transferred to the third countries. The Indonesian government rejected a large number of Rohingya refugees because there were no lex specialis in the Indonesian immigration arrangement related to asylum seekers and refugees. Historically, Indonesia was a country with commitment and experiences in dealing with refugees, however to date, Indonesia refused to become a party to the 1951 International Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees. Hence, there is no legal standards of the refugee management in Indonesia, and thus it complicates the management of the incoming Rohingyas. Responding to such issue, the government has issued the Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the foreign refugee management to provide a temporary legal standard for all forms of refugee protection in Indonesia. However, such regulation has yet to comprehensively settled the management of the Rohingya people in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh province. This paper strongly advocates the Indonesian government to ratify the 1951 International Refugee Convention as to protect and settle the refugee under the non-refoulment principle which is fundamentally referred to humanitarian values.

Cacing tambelo merupakan moluska yang menetap pada batang Rhizophora sp yang sudah mati. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas dari ekstrak cacing tambelo dengan metode brine shrimp letahlity test (BSLT). Cacing tambelo diambil dari hutan mangrove di Desa Moolo, Kecamatan Batukara, Kabupaten Muna, Sulawesi Tenggara. Ekstrak cacing tambelo dipreparasi memakai larutan metanol. Uji toksisitas BSLT pada penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap, uji preliminary dan uji definitif. Uji preliminary bertujuan untuk menentukan kisaran lethal concentration (LC50), nilai kisaran konsentrasi tersebut akan digunakan pada uji selanjutnya (uji definitif). Uji preliminary menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak tambelo sebesar 10, 100, 1.000 μg/mL dan 0 sebagai kontrol. Uji definitif menggunakan 4 konsentrasi (masing-masing 3 ulangan) yaitu:17,78; 31,61; 56,21; 99,94 μg/mL dan 0 sebagai kontrol. Data yang diperoleh dari uji definitif selanjutnya dianalisis dengan probit. Hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-24jam dari ekstrak tambelo ialah 42,43 μg/mL. Nilai LC50 tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak cacing tambelo bersifat sangat toksik terhadap larva udang.

Seaweed cultivation is a source of livelihood for the community which involves the wife in its activities. This study aims to determine the contribution of the wife's income and the wife's time spent working on seaweed cultivation business activities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. The results of this study can describe the profile of the fishermen's wives in the seaweed cultivation business based on age, level of education and business experience. The wife's income from seaweed cultivation activities contributes to family income which is still in the moderate category of 43%, but the family income earned in Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency is classified as above the UMR (Regional Minimum Wage) Southeast Sulawesi. The wife's labor time spent working to earn a living in the seaweed cultivation business is an average of 4.42 hours and as much as 20.106 HOK (Working Day) per week in each activity of the seaweed production process per cycle.Keywords: Income Contribution, fisherman’s wife, E. spinosum, E. cottonii