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O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no sentido de compreender o olhar de docentes de diferentes formações que ensinam Matemática nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, sendo entrevistados cinco professores que atuam em escolas públicas de um município no interior da Bahia. Partiu-se da ideia de que a avaliação da aprendizagem é desafiadora em qualquer contexto ou nível de ensino. Os resultados demonstraram que os docentes possuíam conhecimento da importância de avaliar os estudantes de forma processual, acompanhando seus alunos contínua e constantemente, embora tenham mencionado a necessidade de articular essa perspectiva com o Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica. Eles revelaram a busca da conciliação entre os pressupostos teóricos educacionais e as avaliações externas. Palavras-chave: Anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Avaliação educacional. Sistema de avaliação da educação básica. Educação matemática.

Entre as grandes inquietações que dizem respeito à vida nos espaços urbanos está o saneamento básico e as repercussões da precariedade desses serviços na qualidade de vida da população e na preservação ambiental. Diante dessa premissa, este estudo envolveu a aplicação de práticas educativas voltadas ao conhecimento de indicadores sociais e ambientais vinculados à qualidade de vida da população. O principal objetivo foi analisar as percepções de estudantes do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental, de quatro escolas do município de Canoas/Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em relação às condições de seus bairros no que tange a temas como Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), esgotamento sanitário, abastecimento de água e resíduos sólidos. Foi aplicado um conjunto de atividades envolvendo exposição dialogada, debates e questionários. Os dados foram examinados com a Análise de Conteúdo e com Estatística Descritiva e Inferencial. Os resultados indicaram a proficuidade da construção e a aplicação de práticas educativas voltadas aos indicadores analisados, contribuindo para que os estudantes se tornem mais capazes de participar nos debates públicos relacionados à essa temática.

Accurate detection and analysis of somatic variants in cancer involve multiple third-party tools with complex dependencies and configurations, leading to laborious, error-prone, and time-consuming data conversions. This approach lacks accuracy, reproducibility, and portability, limiting clinical application. Musta was developed to address these issues as an end-to-end pipeline for detecting, classifying, and interpreting cancer mutations. Musta is based on a Python command-line tool designed to manage tumor-normal samples for precise somatic mutation analysis. The core is a Snakemake-based workflow that covers all key cancer genomics steps, including variant calling, mutational signature deconvolution, variant annotation, driver gene detection, pathway analysis, and tumor heterogeneity estimation. Musta is easy to install on any system via Docker, with a Makefile handling installation, configuration, and execution, allowing for full or partial pipeline runs. Musta has been validated at the CRS4-NGS Core facility and tested on large datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Beijing Institute of Genomics. Musta has proven robust and flexible for somatic variant analysis in cancer. It is user-friendly, requiring no specialized programming skills, and enables data processing with a single command line. Its reproducibility ensures consistent results across users following the same protocol.

This study aims to develop a didactic sequence aimed at discussing the evolution of atomic models, from the perspective of the New High School, as well as analyzing the data arising from the realization of this in the context of Basic Education. In this design, the didactic proposition was applied in two classes of the 1st year of high school, involving 40 students from a private institution in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul/RS. In this bias, through the active participation of the students during the stages, as well as through the diversification of activities, it was observed, in addition to indicative of the understanding of the proposed object of knowledge, indications of a greater commitment to the part of the group, or that is, a greater interest in the activities developed. From this perspective, it is possible to conclude and validate it as useful for the process of building scientific knowledge about atomic models, in the sense of understanding it as a strategy that facilitates learning. The History of the Evolution of Atomic Models from the Perspective of the New High School.

The introduction of prefabrication into the building façade retrofit market is still difficult due to many financial, economic, and social constraints, as well as technical and performance requirements that differ from those of new construction. The technical feasibility, construction details, and actual comfort and energy-saving benefits provided by the installation of prefabricated façade modules are still being investigated, as is one goal of the specific case study presented here. The Renew-Wall project aims to create a new modular, timber-based, non-intrusive system for retrofitting buildings, developing a series of significant and fully customisable innovations compared to currently available solutions. This paper describes the main properties of the designed prefabricated façade system, with a focus on its energy and thermo-hygrometric performances. Simulation and laboratory tests are compared with an experimental analysis conducted on two identical mock-up buildings (test cells) during a two-year monitoring campaign in which only one of the two test cells was retrofitted. The results show simulated average annual energy savings of 67%, perfectly in line with what was measured on-site. The prefabricated façade system also demonstrates efficient vapour release and a reduced risk of mould and fungus attack.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with mismatch-repair deficiency or high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H). Unfortunately, a patient’s subgroup did not benefit from immunotherapy. Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) would seem to influence immunotherapy’s sensitivity, promoting the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14) expression. Therefore, we investigated CDX-2 role as a prognostic-predictive marker in patients with mCRC MSI-H. We retrospectively collected data from 14 MSI-H mCRC patients treated with ICIs between 2019 and 2021. The primary endpoint was the 12-month progression-free-survival (PFS) rate. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), PFS, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). The PFS rate at 12 months was 81% in CDX-2 positive patients vs 0% in CDX-2 negative patients (p = 0.0011). The median PFS was not reached (NR) in the CDX-2 positive group versus 2.07 months (95%CI 2.07–10.8) in CDX-2 negative patients (p = 0.0011). Median OS was NR in CDX-2-positive patients versus 2.17 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.17–18.7) in CDX2-negative patients (p = 0.026). All CDX-2-positive patients achieved a disease response, one of them a complete response. Among CDX-2-negative patients, one achieved stable disease, while the other progressed rapidly (ORR: 100% vs 0%, p = 0.0005; DCR: 100% vs 50%, p = 0.02). Twelve patients received 1st-line pembrolizumab (11 CDX-2 positive and 1 CDX-2 negative) not reaching median PFS, while two patients (1 CDX-2 positive and 1 CDX-2 negative) received 3rd-line pembrolizumab reaching a median PFS of 10.8 months (95% CI, 10.8–12.1; p = 0.036). Although our study reports results on a small population, the prognostic role of CDX-2 in CRC seems confirmed and could drive a promising predictive role in defining the population more sensitive to immunotherapy treatment. Modulating the CDX-2/CXCL14 axis in CDX-2-negative patients could help overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy.

A realização de atividades investigativas na escola contribui decisivamente para que os estudantes desenvolvam uma compreensão mais acurada a respeito das mais variadas temáticas. Com base nessa premissa a presente pesquisa foi realizada com alunos do oitavo ano de uma escola particular de Cachoeirinha/RS durante o ano de 2020, envolvendo a aplicação de questionário pré-atividades, a anotação das observações em diário de campo, atividades de pesquisas realizadas pelos alunos e questionário pós-atividades. O fato de integrar dados quantitativos, analisados com Estatística Inferencial, e qualitativos, examinados com a Análise de Conteúdo, configura o processo investigativo como uma Pesquisa com Métodos Mistos. Durante as atividades foi possível constatar que os alunos possuíam um moderado entendimento prévio em relação à Ciência e à pesquisa escolar, assim como foi observado um aprimoramento na capacidade de realização de pesquisas, com os estudantes ampliando sua compreensão sobre os assuntos estudados, além de perceberem a importância da utilização de fontes confiáveis nas consultas realizadas na internet.

The development of highly predictive analysis for designing cementitious composite with improved thermal and hygroscopic performance for building and construction poses a significant challenge. To investigate new potential applications, cement pastes have been prepared using a cement, sand, and crystallization admixture, with highly hygroscopic polymer additions (SA-PA) of sodium polyacrylate and/or recycled polyamide fibers. The porosity evolution was investigated at different curing stages and after heat treatment at 200 °C, the temperature at which the paste dehydrates quickly without structural changes. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic shear tests, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity measurements were carried out on the cement pastes to assess their microstructure. The behavior of the cement pastes varied with polymer additions and thermal treatments; ka−0.5 must be maximized in heat storage applications, where a and k are thermal diffusivity and conductivity, respectively. In contrast, the product a0.5k−1 must be maximized in energy-efficient insulation. Cement pastes with SA-PA exhibited the highest values of both 9.191 102 m−2 K−1 s0.5 W and 1.088 10−3 m2 K s−0.5 W−1, respectively. After the thermal treatment at 200 °C, SA-PA samples maintained the highest heat-storing performance of 6.258 102 m−2 K−1 s0.5 W, while the samples with SA-PA and polyamide fibers performed better in energy-efficient insulation, demonstrating performance of 2.552 10−3 m2 K s−0.5 W−1. These results, discussed in terms of pore size distribution, suggest potential applications in the building field and are valuable for designing plaster and concrete for applications such as thermal and hygroscopic control.

The period of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic made the importance of a high-quality surrounding environment even more evident than before. Several studies have been carried out to assess the (negative) impacts of noise on annoyance, particularly whilst working from home (WFH). The present study takes a step further by (1) investigating the positive and negative impacts of the “actual” acoustic environment on a range of activities, i.e., WFH, relaxation, physical, and sexual activities, and (2) identifying the characteristics of an “ideal” indoor soundscape. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of verbal descriptions collected from open-ended questions included in a survey administered in January 2021 to 464 respondents living in London, during the COVID-19 lockdown. The range of impacts in the actual scenario varied from no effect on task execution, to disruption, distraction, concern of disturbing others or being heard. Positive impacts included support of concentration, relaxation, motivation, freedom of sound expression, feeling of being connected to the surroundings and comforted by the presence of others, according to mechanisms described in the study. Negative appraisal could trigger coping strategies (e.g., controlling windows, playing music, wearing headphones) and behavioural changes (e.g., lowering the volume of the voice or music, muting oneself during call, changing workout type) that could in turn limit or enhance the freedom of behaviour, affect or foster wellbeing. Negative impacts were most frequently reported on WFH (by 55% of the participants), followed by relaxation activities (40.6%), sexual activities (30.1%), and home workout (20.1%). The ideal soundscape was described as a quiet, well-sound insulated environment, which guarantees access to positive sounds (i.e., natural sounds, music, urban background), thus resulting in privacy, intimacy, and a place where to express themselves without noise-related constraints. The study complements literature findings on housing design directions in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, by providing further evidence on the impacts of poor sound insulation at home, the potential benefits of nature-based solutions for positive indoor soundscapes, and opportunities for an activity-based design of domestic environments, inclusive of a broader set of home uses and household compositions.

Abstract Rising urbanisation and destruction of biomes have alienated humans from native species in their regions, demanding consideration of local ecosystems. The present study aimed to analyse the knowledge of students from public schools located in southern Brazil about native and exotic species, biomes, and biodiversity, and the difficulties that they attributed to these definitions. Research activities included lecture-discussion, fieldwork, and questionnaires, and data were analysed with Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test, Binomial Test, Spearman’s Correlation and Content Analysis, employing a Mixed Method Research design. Middle School students showed lack of conceptual knowledge and attributed greater levels of difficulty to the concepts in comparison with High School students, while native species and the concept of biodiversity were better defined than exotic species and biomes. Moreover, students associated the concepts of ‘native’ and ‘exotic’ to ‘known/common’ and 'unknown/rare/strange', respectively.

Cities have a key role in tackling the challenges related to climate change and they constitute an ideal framework to engage with low carbon and green agendas, and to transform the built environment with resilient and inclusive measures. In this paper, the relationship between adaptation and mitigation strategies has been investigated, to evaluate the possibility of combining them in planning policies and design practices. To this end, recent studies and European policies are reviewed to examine the interrelation between adaptation and mitigation strategies, and to explore to which extent a more integrated approach is foreseen towards urban transitions. The review allows an assessment of synergies, trade-offs and conflicts between adaptation and mitigation in urban practices and highlights several win-win solutions, such as Green Urban Infrastructure and climate sensitive design. However, the analysis indicates a lack of guidance and coordination, leading to the tendency to consider separately adaptation and mitigation, both in policy and in practice. The study intends to provide an overview of the interrelations and to present the gaps in current processes, with the aim of fostering a more integrated approach at the local level and of implementing more efficiently low carbon and adaptive solutions.

Fluorocarbons are an important category of greenhouse gas emissions, and currently, their use is prohibited due to their significant contribution to the global ozone depletion potential (ODP). During this century, they will continue to emit greenhouse gases into the environment since they are present in the thermal insulation foam and HVAC systems in existing buildings; however, proper disposal of these banks of CFCs/HFCs from existing buildings can limit their effects on the environment. However, there are no studies that have investigated quantifying the achievable environmental savings in this case. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate, for the first time in the literature, the environmental savings achievable through the removal and disposal of CFC/HFC banks from buildings including damage-related emissions. To cope with the scarcity of data, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques are applied. The results show that, for the selected archetype building, the largest annual emissions of CFCs/HFCs come from the external thermal insulation of the envelope. The removal of this material can lead to an additional significant reduction in the GWP (up to 569 kgCO2eq/m2) and the ODP (up to 117 × 10−3 kgCFC-11eq/m2), i.e., higher than that achievable by reducing energy consumption through energy retrofit measures (276 and 0, respectively). Thus, CFC/HFC banks should not be neglected in LCA studies of existing buildings due to their possible significant impact on a building’s ecoprofile.

Current literature and guidelines on sustainable design often debate on the advantages of natural ventilation (NV) and mechanical ventilation (MV) on indoor environment and energy consumption. The present systematic review explores the existing literature comparing NV and MV on the indoor comfort and well-being points of view. The findings emphasize that thermo-hygrometric comfort is the main driver of occupants’ ventilation behavior, while ventilation design is mainly led by indoor air quality targets. Moreover, more recent papers (especially after COVID-19 outbreak) emphasize the necessity of a health-based approach, contrasting airborne pathogens transmission. In this sense, MV is more frequently recommended in public spaces, while hybrid ventilation (HV) is often suggested as a solution to both ensure proper indoor conditions and energy savings. The concept of well-being is currently under-explored, as the present literature only refers to comfort. The same happens with topics such as visual, acoustic, and multi-domain comfort, as well as passive techniques such as night cooling, or analysis of specific environments such as healthcare facilities. Current knowledge would benefit from an expansion of future research in these directions. The choice of the best ventilation solution cannot ignore the context, type, and condition of energy efficient buildings, in order to properly take into account occupants’ well-being.

Abstract Background KBG syndrome is a very rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by macrodontia, distinctive craniofacial findings, skeletal findings, post-natal short stature, and developmental delays, sometimes associated with seizures and EEG abnormalities. So far, there have been over 100 cases of KBG syndrome reported. Case presentation Here, we describe two sisters of a non-consanguineous family, both presenting generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures (GEFS+), and one with a more complex phenotype associated with mild intellectual disability, skeletal and dental anomalies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis in all the family members revealed a heterozygous SCN9A mutation, p.(Lys655Arg), shared among the father and the two probands, and a novel de novo loss of function mutation in the ANKRD11 gene, p.(Tyr1715*), in the proband with the more complex phenotype. The reassessment of the phenotypic features confirmed that the patient fulfilled the proposed diagnostic criteria for KBG syndrome, although complicated by early-onset isolated febrile seizures. EEG abnormalities with or without seizures have been reported previously in some KBG cases. The shared variant, occurring in SCN9A, has been previously found in several individuals with GEFS+ and Dravet syndrome. Conclusions This report describe a novel de novo variant in ANKRD11 causing a mild phenotype of KGB syndrome and further supports the association of monogenic pattern of SCN9A mutations with GEFS+. Our data expand the allelic spectrum of ANKRD11 mutations, providing the first Brazilian case of KBG syndrome. Furthermore, this study offers an example of how WES has been instrumental allowing us to better dissect the clinical phenotype under study, which is a multilocus variation aggregating in one proband, rather than a phenotypic expansion associated with a single genomic locus, underscoring the role of multiple rare variants at different loci in the etiology of clinical phenotypes making problematic the diagnostic path. The successful identification of the causal variant in a gene may not be sufficient, making it necessary to identify other variants that fully explain the clinical picture. The prevalence of blended phenotypes from multiple monogenic disorders is currently unknown and will require a systematic re-analysis of large WES datasets for proper diagnosis in daily practice.

IntroductionPrevious studies showed that quarantine for pandemic diseases is associated with several psychological and medical effects. The consequences of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic in patients with dementia are unknown. We investigated the clinical changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and evaluated caregivers’ distress during COVID-19 quarantine.MethodsThe study involved 87 Italian Dementia Centers. Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and Vascular Dementia (VD) were eligible for the study. Family caregivers of patients with dementia were interviewed by phone in April 2020, 45 days after quarantine declaration. Main outcomes were patients’ changes in cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms. Secondary outcomes were effects on caregivers’ psychological features.Results4913 patients (2934 females, 1979 males) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Caregivers reported a worsening in cognitive functions in 55.1% of patients, mainly in subjects with DLB and AD. Aggravation of behavioral symptoms was observed in 51.9% of patients. In logistic regression analysis, previous physical independence was associated with both cognitive and behavioral worsening (odds ratio 1.85 [95% CI 1.42–2.39], 1.84 [95% CI 1.43–2.38], respectively). On the contrary, pandemic awareness was a protective factor for the worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms (odds ratio 0.74 [95% CI 0.65–0.85]; and 0.72 [95% CI 0.63–0.82], respectively). Approximately 25.9% of patients showed the onset of new behavioral symptoms. A worsening in motor function was reported by 36.7% of patients. Finally, caregivers reported a high increase in anxiety, depression, and distress.ConclusionOur study shows that quarantine for COVID-19 is associated with an acute worsening of clinical symptoms in patients with dementia as well as increase of caregivers’ burden. Our findings emphasize the importance to implement new strategies to mitigate the effects of quarantine in patients with dementia.

BackgroundIn March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and several governments planned a national quarantine in order to control the virus spread. Acute psychological effects of quarantine in frail elderly subjects with special needs, such as patients with dementia, have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess modifications of neuropsychiatric symptoms during quarantine in patients with dementia and their caregivers.MethodsThis is a sub-study of a multicenter nation-wide survey. A structured telephone interview was delivered to family caregivers of patients with diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VD), followed regularly at 87 Italian memory clinics. Variations in behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) were collected after 1 month since quarantine declaration and associations with disease type, severity, gender, and caregiver’s stress burden were analyzed.ResultsA total of 4,913 caregivers participated in the survey. Increased BPSD was reported in 59.6% of patients as worsening of preexisting symptoms (51.9%) or as new onset (26%), and requested drug modifications in 27.6% of these cases. Irritability, apathy, agitation, and anxiety were the most frequently reported worsening symptoms and sleep disorder and irritability the most frequent new symptoms. Profile of BPSD varied according to dementia type, disease severity, and patients’ gender. Anxiety and depression were associated with a diagnosis of AD (OR 1.35, CI: 1.12–1.62), mild to moderate disease severity and female gender. DLB was significantly associated with a higher risk of worsening hallucinations (OR 5.29, CI 3.66–7.64) and sleep disorder (OR 1.69, CI 1.25–2.29), FTD with wandering (OR 1.62, CI 1.12–2.35), and change of appetite (OR 1.52, CI 1.03–2.25). Stress-related symptoms were experienced by two-thirds of caregivers and were associated with increased patients’ neuropsychiatric burden (p

One of the key issues of the contemporary city is “urban voids”, characterized by disused buildings. Such spaces can be the starting point for a new urban setting, where the city reconnects to the rural environment. Vertical farming can be a new paradigm connecting these often-opposed concepts, bringing several advantages. This paper presents an experimental case study about a typical situation in a peripheral context of the city of Trento. An industrial building under decommissioning is restored as a vertical farm through a circular economy perspective, combining natural resources with ICT, consumption, and reuse processes.

The study was conducted at a municipal school of Boa Vista/RR with the objective of analyzing the speeches in relation to issues of environment, education and society. Initially, images were presented to the students to attribute three words. The results were presented to two teachers and a manager through a semi-structured interview. In the fifth year there was a decrease in the repertoire of words in search of a "right" answer, without adjective unlike the 3rd and 4th years. There was a drastic reduction in the fifth year and even lack of aesthetic sense when analyzing the images. With regard to teachers and the manager, the emphasis was on the issues linked to the school knowledge, this element is predominant in relation to the knowledge obtained in other instances, such as the media. Studies of this nature can be constituted in relevant strategies as subsidies for the construction of educational practices in basic education.

The electrochemical oxidation of p-nitroanilline and p-nitrophenol on lead dioxide anodes, modified by different ionic dopants has been investigated. The general mechanism of the oxidation of organic compounds of aromatic nature includes oxidizing of compounds to the intermediates with quinoid structure, reactions of aromatic ring opening and formation of aliphatic products (mainly acids) and in ideal case – the complete mineralization to CO2 and H2O. According to obtained results one can conclude that both reactions occur via formation of p-benzoquinon. Calculations, based on kinetic studies of the reaction, have shown that the rate constant of the degradation of the organics involved depends on the composition of the electrode material and varies due to the nature and the content of ionic additives in lead dioxide. The maximum interest for the electrochemical destruction of organic substances represents lead dioxide electrodes modified by bismuth to which a rate constant of p-nitroaniline oxidation increases in 1.6 times compared with nonmodified electrodes. Maximum electrocatalytic activity is achieved by increasing the proportion of α-phase, on the one hand, and increase the crystalline zone of oxide on the other, which leads to increased amounts of oxygen containing particles strongly bounded to the electrode surface that participate in the electrochemical oxidation of aromatic compounds.

The results of the study of electrochemical oxidation of salicylic acid on PbO2-based anodes for effective wastewater treatment from organic pollutants have been summarized. Both the influence of various factors on the decomposition rate of organic substances and the influence of various modifying additives of lead dioxide anode on the process of mineralization of salicylic acid have been established. The total probable sequence of reactions to salicylic acid mineralization has been proposed. It is established that the destruction of salicylic acid in the first stage occurs through the accumulation of aromatic hydroxylation products, and during the total destruction - the destruction of the aromatic system with the formation of aliphatic compounds takes place. It is shown that the use of PbO2, deposited from methanesulfonate electrolytes and modified electrodes significantly reduces the conversion time of salicylic acid in aliphatic products compared to lead dioxide anodes obtained by traditional technology from nitrate bath. The highest degradation rate occurs at the anodes modified by bismuth. It was found that the destruction of the 5-aminosalicylic acid occurs through an intermediate oxidation of amino-group to hydroxy.

Joking draws on complex cognitive abilities: understanding social norms, theory of mind, anticipating others responses and appreciating the violation of others expectations. Playful teasing, which is present in preverbal infants, shares many of these cognitive features. There is some evidence that great apes can tease in structurally similar ways, but no systematic study exists. We developed a coding system to identify playful teasing and applied it to video of zoo-housed great apes. All four species engaged in intentionally provocative behaviour, frequently accompanied by characteristics of play. We found playful teasing to be characterized by attention-getting, one-sidedness, response looking, repetition and elaboration/escalation. It takes place mainly in relaxed contexts, has a wide variety of forms, and differs from play in several ways (e.g. asymmetry, low rates of play signals like the playface and absence of movement-final holds characteristic of intentional gestures). As playful teasing is present in all extant great ape genera, it is likely that the cognitive prerequisites for joking evolved in the hominoid lineage at least 13 million years ago.

a educación infantil constituye la base del proceso educativo; es importante para la formación del individuo puesto que sienta las bases de los conocimientos, valores y procesos fundamentales para que puedan interactuar con su entorno. Cuando este nivel formativo se lleva a cabo con el objetivo de desarrollar la integralidad del ser humano, aborda las distintas disciplinas que afectan al estudiante en su dimensión más amplia. En este contexto, la interdisciplinaridad deja de ser solo una estrategia didáctica y cobra importancia en la formación social del individuo en la medida en que el profesor adopta una nueva postura en relación con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Ante estas premisas, se considera que el desarrollo de prácticas educativas que integren la Educación Ambiental y las Artes Visuales permite trabajar sobre ámbitos del conocimiento muy amplios, tal y como se contextualiza en el presente estudio que aborda las acciones llevadas a cabo en una escuela comunitaria de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Durante seis meses, se desarrollaron actividades en las que el alumnado realizaba dibujos y observaban imágenes de la naturaleza. Los datos se analizaron a través de métodos mixtos que incluían la clasificación de los elementos presentes en los dibujos desde el punto de vista cualitativo, mientras que la dimensión cuantitativa se midió a través de métodos de estadística descriptiva de los dibujos y de la evaluación de los dibujos realizados por los niños y las niñas. El estudio arrojó resultados pertinentes relacionados con la caracterización de la concepción que tenía el alumnado de los espacios abiertos, tales como el patio de la escuela y las plazas, resultados que evocaban principalmente recuerdos de un lugar de ocio con juegos y un parque infantil. Asimismo, del estudio se desprenden algunas percepciones significativas de los niños relacionadas con los efectos antrópicos en la modificación de los paisajes y en la generación de contaminación.

O O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um conjunto de experiências e reflexões a respeito da necessidade de conjugar as medidas estruturais da engenharia com processos educacionais contextualizados para a implantação e sucesso de medidas voltadas ao saneamento básico. As concepções e percepções de estudantes e docentes relacionadas ao tema e as repercussões na comunidade do entorno foram analisadas de forma articulada com as necessidades contemporâneas do país em relação aos âmbitos deste crucial componente da vida urbana. O texto foi construído com base no cotejamento de resultados de pesquisas e ações e vivências educacionais realizadas desde o ano de 2015, e os resultados apontam para a necessária sensibilização da população no que tange às diferentes dimensões do saneamento básico, assim como uma ressignificação dos mananciais hídricos e do seu papel na qualidade de vida e no ambiente natural. Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade. Educação Ambiental. Educação Sanitária.

Various investigations have applied meditation protocols in the school context, with beneficial effects. Transcendental meditation, however, received little attention in primary school settings and few controlled studies are available. The present study is aimed: 1) to investigate the implementation of a school protocol (Quiet Time-QT) based on Transcendental Meditation ™ in a primary school setting 2) to test its efficacy in promoting strengths and resilience in children, using a controlled research, with a cross over design. 92 students attending fourth and fifth class of a primary school were assigned to either the QT intervention, or to a waiting list condition. Children assigned to the waiting list received the QT protocol after few months. Before and after the intervention children were evaluated by their teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). A Repeated Measures MANOVA was applied to compare the two groups. After the QT intervention children in the experimental condition showed fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties (SDQ) compared to children in the waiting list. An overall positive effect of QT was observed in the total sample in improving children's strengths and emotional well-being. Participants enjoyed the practice of meditation in the school setting. Conclusions: the results of this controlled investigation showed that the QT school protocol is feasible in the school setting, and it yielded improvements in children's strengths and well-being. Meditation programs could be easily included in the educational system to sustain children positive development.