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(1) Interest in the Juncaceae family has risen as some members have shown anti-inflammatory properties and interesting compounds. In this regard, we decided to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Luzula sylvatica, a Juncaceae not yet extensively studied, in the context of osteoarthritis. (2) The Luzula sylvatica Ethanol extract (LS-E) was used to test the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by leucocytes, the IL1β and PGE2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the production of EP4, and the activation of NFκB in THP-1, as well as the IL1β-activated normal human knee articular chondrocytes (NHAC-Kn) gene expression, grown in monolayers or maintained in alginate beads. (3) Organic acids, caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin and luteolin, compounds frequently found in this family were identified. The LS-E exhibited inhibited ROS formation. The LS-E did not affect NFκB activation and IL1β secretion but dampened the secretion of PGE2 by PBMCs and the presence of EP4 in THP-1. It also modulated the expression of NHAC-Kn in both models and inhibited the expression of several proteases and inflammatory mediators. (4) Luzula sylvatica might supply interesting antioxidant protection against cartilage damages and lessen joint inflammation, notably by decreasing PGE2 secretion in the synovial fluid. Moreover, it could act directly on chondrocytes by decreasing the expression of proteases and, thus, preventing the degradation of the extracellular matrix.

International audience; Introduction : L’obésité et l’activité physique constituent respectivement des facteurs de risque et de protection de la cancérogenèse mammaire. La surproduction d’œstrogènes associée à l’excès de masse grasse favorise le développement tumoral en période de postménopause et à l’inverse l’activité physique la limite en réduisant l’inflammation et en stimulant le recrutement des cellules de l’immunité cytotoxiques telles que les cellules NK. L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer l’impact de la durée d’imprégnation lipidique sur les effets préventifs de l’activité physique lors du développement tumoral mammaire. Matériel et méthodes : Des souris C57BL/6 âgées de 35 semaines ovariectomisées ont étées nourries avec un régime riche en lipides. Après 42 (imprégnation lipidique courte, ILC) ou 88 (IL longue, ILL) jours, des cellules tumorales mammaires syngéniques EO771 ont été implantées dans la 4ème paire de glandes mammaires et la croissance tumorale a été suivie pendant 6 semaines. 4 groupes ont été étudiés. En ILC, un groupe a été placé en environnement standard (ES, n=9, sédentarité), et l'autre en environnement enrichi (EE, n=10), favorisant l’activité physique spontanée (APS). Sous ILL, les 2 groupes (EE n=10, EEI n=11) ont été placés en EE dont un avec un exercice d’intensité modérée (EEI = course sur tapis roulant) afin accroître le niveau d’activité physique total. Au sacrifice, les tissus ont été prélevés afin de caractériser divers paramètres tels que l’infiltrat immunitaire, le métabolisme lipidique et les échanges inter-organes via des approches cellulaires, biochimiques et moléculaires. Résultats : Les données rapportées (moyenne ± écart-type), ont été analysées par un test de Mann Whitney. Quelle que soit la durée du régime lipidique, l’activité physique totale (Km/souris/j) des animaux n’est pas altérée par la croissance tumorale (respectivement à 0,17±0,02 ; 0,80±0,06 ; 0,96±0,54 et 1,56±0,52 pour ILC-ES, ILC-EE, ILL-EE, ILL-EEI). L’ILL favorise la croissance tumorale comparativement à l’ILC, 2300±200 mm3 vs 1500±400 mm3, au jour 26 post implantation (p

Skrining IVA sangat sesuai dengan kondisi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, karena tekniknya mudah, sederhana, biaya rendah/ murah, tingkat sensitifitasnya tinggi, cepat dan akurat untuk menentukan kelainan pada tahap pra-kanker. Skrining IVA mulai diperkenalkan di Indonesia oleh Kementerian Kesehatan pada tahun 2007, dengan didahului pengembangan pada 6 lokasi pilot project, kemudian dikembangkan ke daerah lain di seluruh Indonesia. Di NTB tahun 2015 sendiri berdasarkan profil kesehatan Provinsi NTB prevalensi kanker leher rahim sejumlah 8.020 jiwa dan ditemukan IVA positif 146 kasus, pada tahun 2016 prevalensi kanker leher rahim sejumlah 14.431 jiwa dan ditemukan IVA positif 290 kasus. Berdasarkan data tahun 2014 yang didapat dari RSUP NTB , penderita kanker serviks sebesar 12,8%, meninggal 2%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor apakah yang berhubungan dengan hasil IVA positif. Jenis penelitian analitik cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien yang datang melakukan pemeriksaan IVA di UPT BLUD Puskesmas Meninting dari Januari s/d Desember 2017 sebanyak 885 orang. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik pemilihan secara total sampling yaitu dimana semua populasi yang berjumlah 885 pengunjung dijadikan sampel penelitian. Analisa dilakukan dengan uji statistik Chi-Square. Berdasarkan analisis Chi-Square menunjukkan p value

Dans les espaces naturels protégés, la gestion du vivant s’opère le plus souvent de manière positive, à travers la protection des habitats ou des ressources, mais elle peut également s’opérer de manière négative, à travers l’élimination d’espèces susceptibles de nuire à la biodiversité locale. Ces actions s’inscrivent dans un cadre éthique écocentré, où priment les conséquences pour les populations ou les espèces, voire les écosystèmes. Parallèlement, s’est développée dans la société civile un mouvement de plus en plus puissant et visible de protection des animaux, basé sur une éthique biocentrée, visant à considérer tout animal, et plus particulièrement les animaux sensibles, comme des êtres méritant l’attention des humains, leur bientraitance, et à tout le moins auxquels il faut éviter toute forme de souffrance.La protection de l’environnement et la protection des animaux se rejoignent lorsqu’il s’agit de considérer les animaux endémiques ou indigènes, mais entrent en opposition pour les prédateurs et rongeurs introduits, qui constituent une menace pour la biodiversité locale. L’objectif de protection de l’environnement, qui implique de contrôler, voire d’éradiquer ces prédateurs et rongeurs, se heurte alors à l’objectif de protection des animaux, particulièrement lorsqu’il s’agit d’espèces sensibles comme les mammifères. L’espèce qui nous intéresse ici, le chat domestique Felics catus cumule un fort potentiel de nuisance pour la biodiversité et un fort attachement affectif de la part de la population. De plus, il a longtemps été géré uniquement dans les espaces urbains, dans un objectif de réduction des nuisances basé sur une éthique purement anthropocentrée. Cet exemple permet d’illustrer comment l’articulation entre protection de la nature, protection des animaux et acceptabilité sociale implique de prendre en compte la pluralité des éthiques environnementales, à travers des innovations méthodologiques, sociétales et juridique.

Excess weight and obesity are the fifth leading cause of death globally, and sustained efforts from health professionals and researchers are required to mitigate this pandemic-scale problem. Polyphenols and flavonoids found in Aspalathus linearis—a plant widely consumed as Rooibos tea—are increasingly being investigated for their positive effects on various health issues including inflammation. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of Rooibos extract on obesity and the associated low-grade chronic inflammatory state by testing antioxidant activity, cytokine secretions, macrophage polarization and the differentiation of human adipocytes through the development of adipospheroids. Rooibos extract significantly decreased ROS production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2 and IL-17a) in human leukocytes. Additionally, Rooibos extract down-regulated LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization, shown by a significant decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL10. In addition, Rooibos inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced adipogenesis by decreasing the expression of PPARγ, Ap2 and HSL in adipospheroids. A significant decrease in leptin expression was noted and this, more interestingly, was accompanied by a significant increase in adiponectin expression. Using a co-culture system between macrophages and adipocytes, Rooibos extract significantly decreased the expression of all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines and particularly leptin, and increased adiponectin expression. Thus, adding Rooibos tea to the daily diet is likely to prevent the development of obesity associated with chronic low-level inflammation.

International audience

International audience; Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) is a medicinal plant known for its preventive capacities against chronic diseases. Inflammation is a naturally occurring cellular response to noxious stimuli, and both acute and chronic inflammation are involved in human disorders. Preventing and limiting the negative impact of inflammation by using phytocompounds has attracted a lot of attention. Here, we show that AHA extracts are potent anti-inflammatory products at low doses in white blood cells, treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a pro-inflammatory trigger. Regardless of the mode of extraction, i.e. maceration or microwave, all extracts reduced on dose-dependent manner reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by the pro-inflammatory compound PMA in white blood cells and leukemic Jurkat cell line. The induction of the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the measurement of glutathione metabolism (glutathione reductase, transferase, and peroxidase), and protein-free thiols in Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells incubated with low to high concentrated AHA extracts, ranged from 10 to 100 g/mL, induced a fast cell response measured at one and six hours. Interestingly, extracts from the microwave showed a stronger induction, 5 to 10 fold changes at early time points, and maintained over 72 h. On the other hand, AHA extracts showed a moderate anti-proliferative effect in the leukemic Jurkat line. We concluded that AHA extracts enhance directly anti-inflammatory cell response, earlier via ROS induction. Later, however, vigorously maintained, independently from ROS, suggesting the intervention of the cellular metabolism in enhancing these effects. Considering the preventive and anti-inflammatory potential of AHA, regular consumption is advisable, and phytotherapeutic applications are encouraged to treat local inflammations.

Background: Breast cancer is a major cause of death in occidental women. The role of metabolism in breast cancer etiology remains unclear. Metabolomics may help to elucidate novel biological pathways and identify new biomarkers to predict breast cancer long before symptoms appear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether untargeted metabolomic signatures from blood draws of healthy women could contribute to better understand and predict the long-term risk of developing breast cancer. Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted within the SU.VI.MAX prospective cohort (13 years of follow-up) to analyze baseline plasma samples of 211 incident breast cancer cases and 211 matched controls by LC/MS. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were computed. Results: A total of 3,565 ions were detected and 1,221 were retained for statistical analysis. A total of 73 ions were associated with breast cancer risk (P < 0.01; FDR ≤ 0.2). Notably, we observed that a lower plasma level of O-succinyl-homoserine (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = [0.55-0.89]) and higher plasma levels of valine/norvaline [1.45 (1.15–1.83)], glutamine/isoglutamine [1.33 (1.07–1.66)], 5-aminovaleric acid [1.46 (1.14–1.87)], phenylalanine [1.43 (1.14–1.78)], tryptophan [1.40 (1.10–1.79)], γ-glutamyl-threonine [1.39 (1.09–1.77)], ATBC [1.41 (1.10–1.79)], and pregnene-triol sulfate [1.38 (1.08–1.77)] were associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer during follow-up. Conclusion: Several prediagnostic plasmatic metabolites were associated with long-term breast cancer risk and suggested a role of microbiota metabolism and environmental exposure. Impact: After confirmation in other independent cohort studies, these results could help to identify healthy women at higher risk of developing breast cancer in the subsequent decade and to propose a better understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in its etiology.

Background: The prevention and early screening of PCa is highly dependent on the identification of new biomarkers. In this study, we investigated whether plasma metabolic profiles from healthy males provide novel early biomarkers associated with future risk of PCa. Methods: Using the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort, we identified plasma samples collected from 146 PCa cases up to 13 years prior to diagnosis and 272 matched controls. Plasma metabolic profiles were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Results: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) discriminated PCa cases from controls, with a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) of 0.92 using a 1000-time repeated random sub-sampling validation. Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) identified the top 10 most important metabolites (p &lt, 0.001) discriminating PCa cases from controls. Among them, phosphate, ethyl oleate, eicosadienoic acid were higher in individuals that developed PCa than in the controls during the follow-up. In contrast, 2-hydroxyadenine, sphinganine, L-glutamic acid, serotonin, 7-keto cholesterol, tiglyl carnitine, and sphingosine were lower. Conclusion: Our results support the dysregulation of amino acids and sphingolipid metabolism during the development of PCa. After validation in an independent cohort, these signatures may promote the development of new prevention and screening strategies to identify males at future risk of PCa.

Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease whose aetiology is still not fully understood. Metabolomics, by measuring several hundred metabolites simultaneously, could enhance knowledge on the metabolic changes involved and the potential impact of external factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pre-diagnostic plasma metabolomic profiles were associated with the risk of developing a prostate cancer within the following decade. A prospective nested case-control study was set up among the 5141 men participant of the SU.VI.MAX cohort, including 171 prostate cancer cases, diagnosed between 1994 and 2007, and 171 matched controls. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profiles were established from baseline plasma samples using NOESY1D and CPMG sequences. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were computed for each individual NMR signal and for metabolomic patterns derived using principal component analysis. Men with higher fasting plasma levels of valine (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37 [1.07–1.76], p = .01), glutamine (OR = 1.30 [1.00–1.70], p = .047), creatine (OR = 1.37 [1.04–1.80], p = .02), albumin lysyl (OR = 1.48 [1.12–1.95], p = .006 and OR = 1.51 [1.13–2.02], p = .005), tyrosine (OR = 1.40 [1.06–1.85], p = .02), phenylalanine (OR = 1.39 [1.08–1.79], p = .01), histidine (OR = 1.46 [1.12–1.88], p = .004), 3-methylhistidine (OR = 1.37 [1.05–1.80], p = .02) and lower plasma level of urea (OR = .70 [.54–.92], p = .009) had a higher risk of developing a prostate cancer during the 13 years of follow-up. This exploratory study highlighted associations between baseline plasma metabolomic profiles and long-term risk of developing prostate cancer. If replicated in independent cohort studies, such signatures may improve the identification of men at risk for prostate cancer well before diagnosis and the understanding of this disease.