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In today's competitive landscape, manufacturing companies must embrace digital transformation. This study asserts that integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the deployment of real-time location systems (RTLS) is crucial for better monitoring of critical assets. Despite the challenge of selecting the right technology for specific needs from a wide range of indoor RTLS options, this study provides a solution to assist manufacturing companies in exploring and implementing IoT technologies for their RTLS needs. The current academic literature has not adequately addressed this industrial reality. This paper assesses the potential of Passive UHF RFID-RTLS in Industry 5.0, addressing the confusion caused by the emergence of new 'passive' RFID solutions that compete with established 'active' solutions. Our research aims to clarify the real-world performance of passive RTLS solutions and propose an updated classification of RTLS systems in the academic literature. We have thoroughly reviewed both the academic and industry literature to remain up to date with the latest market advancements. Passive UHF RFID has been proven to be a valuable addition to the RTLS domain, capable of addressing certain challenges. This has been demonstrated through the successful implementation in two industrial sites, each with different types of tagged objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid is an electricity network that uses advanced technologies to facilitate the exchange of information and electricity between utility companies and customers. Although most of the technologies involved in such grids have reached maturity, smart meters—as connected devices—introduce new security challenges. To overcome this significant obstacle to grid modernization, safeguarding privacy has emerged as a paramount concern. In this paper, we begin by evaluating the security levels of recently proposed authentication methods for smart meters. Subsequently, we introduce an enhanced protocol named PPSG, designed for smart grids, which incorporates physical unclonable functions (PUF) and an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) module to address the vulnerabilities identified in previous approaches. Our security analysis, utilizing a real-or-random (RoR) model, demonstrates that PPSG effectively mitigates the weaknesses found in prior methods. To assess the practicality of PPSG, we conduct simulations using an Arduino UNO board, measuring computation, communication, and energy costs. Our results, including a processing time of 153 ms, a communication cost of 1376 bits, and an energy consumption of 13.468 mJ, align with the requirements of resource-constrained devices within smart grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology, which enables objects to exchange data via the internet network. One part of the infrastructure of IoT is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). One way to fortify the system and prevent it against an unauthorized access is an authentication process. A grouping proof protocol is a protocol by which a reader authenticates two or more tags simultaneously in an authentication process. In this paper, we present a novel scalable grouping proof protocol. Since scalability is a challenge in grouping proof protocol, to solve the scalability problem in the proposed protocol, the reader broadcasts the messages and the tags respond to it independently. In terms of the performance, we use a 64-bit lightweight Pseudo-Random Number Generator (64-PRNG) function, which meets the needs of low-power and low-cost systems. In addition, the security analysis results prove that the proposed protocol is resistant against RFID threats and provides an acceptable security level and low computation cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Wang et al. analyzed the security of two EPC C1-G2 compliant RFID authentication protocols, called RAPLT and $$\textit{SRP}^+$$ , and proved that these protocols are vulnerable against de-synchronization and secret disclosure attacks. The time complexity of their attacks were $$O(2^{16})$$ . In addition, they proposed an improved version of $$\textit{SRP}^+$$ entitled $$\textit{SRP}^{++}$$ , for which they claim the security would be $$O(2^{32})$$ . However, in this letter, we analyze the security of $$\textit{SRP}^{++}$$ and show that the complexity of retrieving all secret parameters of a given tag is $$O(2^{16})$$ , similar to its predecessor protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology, which enables objects to exchange data via the Internet. Authentication process is a method to prevent an unauthorized access to the IoT systems. The using of bit-wise functions such as XOR, Shift and Rotation could decrease the cost of authentication protocols. On the other hand, the simple operations usually could not provide an acceptable security level. Therefore, the researchers try to improve the security level by creating new permutation functions. In this paper, we evaluate some permutation functions and analyze a protocol which recently has been proposed by Huang et al. We prove that their protocol is vulnerable to the disclosure and the impersonation attacks and an adversary can clone a valid tag easily. The complexity of the proposed attack is low and attack method works efficiently for the secret keys and ID numbers with variable length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]