Evidence that supports the use of systemic, presurgical induction chemotherapy to render soft tissue sarcomas resectable or to minimize the extent of surgical excision is presented. Induction chemotherapy was administered in 34 cases of nonmetastatic soft tissue sarcomas. All patients had large tumors for which only mutilating surgery, if any, was possible. In 21 patients, a combination of Adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vindesine, and DTIC (DCPAV) produced two complete remissions (CR) and 6 partial remissions (PR). A combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC) produced three PR in eight patients, and a combination of Adriamycin and ifosfamide (AI) produced two PR in five patients. After two to seven cycles of chemotherapy, 24 patients underwent surgery. In 19, gross tumor excision was performed; 12 proved to be microscopically fully resected. Disease in two patients entered CR with chemotherapy alone, but surgery was performed in both patients as well. Irradiation was administered in ten patients to produce or insure CR (eight cases of residual disease postoperatively), and in two patients with unresectable disease. Four patients with disease in CR after surgery also received radiation due to the initial massive tumor size. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves at 2 years showed 18% total survival in the patients in whom CR of disease was not achieved, and 80% survival in patients with disease in CR. Of the 22 patients with disease in CR (by all means), disease-free survival was 1 to 44 months (mean, 13.7). Disease currently remains in CR in ten patients with a mean follow-up of 13.6 months (3 to 34 months from end of therapy). Ten patients had a local recurrence following a CR after 3 to 44 months (mean, 15.3 months).