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Striga hermonthica [Del.] Benth. (Sh) is a noxious parasitic weed causing substantial yield loss in sub-Saharan Africa's pearl millet. The objective of this study was to determine the gene action and inheritance of Sh resistance in newly developed pearl millet populations to guide selection and genetic advancement. Bi-parental crosses were derived from pairs of pearl millet lines by contrasting reactions to Striga infestations. The two sets of parental lines, F1s, F2s, and backcrosses, were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on the number of Striga counted at 60 and 80 days after planting were collected. The analysis of the variance showed significant (P < 0.001) differences among the generations across sets for Sh parameters. Duplicate gene action controlled the inheritance of the number of emerged Sh. Unique F2 individuals with Sh resistance were selected from the two sets for genetic advancement through recurrent selection methods for pearl millet variety development by integrating desirable agronomic and farmer-preferred traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]