Search

La función muscular respiratoria en el período postoperatorio es clave para determinar si un paciente desarrollará insuficiencia respiratoria postoperatoria (IRP) o no. La IRP ocurre cuando el intercambio de gases no satisface las necesidades metabólicas. La parálisis ipsilateral del hemidiafragma después del bloqueo del plexo braquial interescalénico (BPBI) provoca una reducción aguda de la función muscular respiratoria. Esta reducción no causa IRP cuando el hemidiafragma contralateral genera suficiente intercambio de gases para satisfacer las demandas metabólicas.

La incidencia de la vía aérea difícil durante la intubación es un episodio crítico en anestesia. A pesar de la utilidad de los indicadores predictivos clínicos, dicho episodio surge a menudo de manera inesperada. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad de la ecografía de la vía aérea para detectar a estos pacientes.

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to address experimentally the possible impact of exposure to air pollution during gestation on the differentiation and function of the gonads of the offspring using a rabbit model. Rabbits were exposed daily to diluted diesel exhaust gas or filtered air from the 3rd until the 27th day of gestation, during which time germ cells migrate in genital ridges and divide, and fetal sex is determined. Offspring gonads were collected shortly before birth (28th day of gestation) or after puberty (7.5 months after birth). The structure of the gonads was analyzed by histological and immunohistological methods. Serum concentrations of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone were determined using ELISA. The morphology and the endocrine function of the gonads collected just at the arrest of the exposure were similar in polluted and control animals in both sexes. No differences were observed as well in gonads collected after puberty. Sperm was collected at the head of the epididymis in adults. Sperm motility and DNA fragmentation were measured. Among all parameters analyzed, only the sperm DNA fragmentation rate was increased three-fold in exposed males. Mechanisms responsible for these modifications and their physiological consequences are to be further clarified.

The application of laser beam welding to aluminium alloys has some complications, mainly due to their high reflectivity, high thermal conductivity and low viscosity. In order to increase the laser absorption of aluminium alloys, some surface treatments has been applied in the literature, such as the application of dark coatings or sandblasting. However, these conventional superficial treatments have some drawbacks, such as the low weld penetration, the possibility to undergo magnesium evaporation and the impossibility to control and/or change the superficial properties of the treated samples. In the present contribution, laser texturization treatments have been performed with a fibber laser for the first time on aluminium alloys to increase their absorption and weld penetration. The texturised samples leaded to deeper bead welds than the reference sandblasted samples.

Laser beam welding (LBW) show clear advantages compared with other techniques, as the low heat input, the high localization ability, the high welding speed, the high flexibility, the high weld quality and the high production rate. However, its applicability to aluminium alloys is limited, as they generally have high reflectivity, high thermal conductivity and low viscosity. In the present study, the laser weldability of four aluminium alloys (2024, 5083, 6082 and 7075) under conduction regime is analysed. High penetration butt welds could be obtained with a High Power Diode Laser (HPDL) under conduction regime. The properties of the weld beads such as the microstructure and microhardness were analysed. A linear function between the input laser fluence and the volume of melted material was obtained for the four alloys.