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This mini-review was undertaken to demonstrate the impact of trace mineral feeding management of dairy cows on the ecosystem by discussing their role in the animal metabolism, dietary recommendations, current feeding practices, and their excretion in manure pertaining to five trace minerals, i.e., cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The first part of this mini-review relates the importance of trace minerals in dairy cow metabolism, and how recommendations are obtained. The following section showed that the transition period from the dry to the lactating phase is challenging for dairy cattle, and current trace mineral recommendations have been questioned for this period due to the role of some trace minerals in immunity and oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, trace mineral overfeeding is a common practice in intensive dairy production system in Canada, the USA, and the UK, which is far from precision nutrition. Trace minerals in excess of requirements are directly excreted into the manure. The practice of trace mineral overfeeding could have detrimental effects on the ecosystem when manure with high trace mineral concentrations is repeatedly spread on fields. In conclusion, an integrative approach assessing the impact of trace mineral overfeeding in cow diets on the ecosystem is needed.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; La présente communication porte sur le rôle des artéfacts dans le processus de construction de l’identité. L'influence de la matérialité sur l'identité a été relativement peu étudiée. Les recherches se sont focalisées principalement sur la dimension symbolique des artéfacts et n’intègre que rarement la question de l’absence d’artéfacts. Pourtant, selon Lefebvre (1980) la présence comme l’absence ne sont jamais absolues. Un prolongement de ses travaux conduit à s’intéresser aux absences d'artefact qui produisent des effets organisationnels aussi désignés artéfacts présents absents.Afin de contribuer à la matérialité de l’absence et mieux comprendre la formation identitaire, nous proposons d’investiguer le cas d’une organisation en création. Suivant une démarche ethnographique, nos analyses révèlent les incidences d’un artéfact présent absent, une plateforme physique présente dans de nombreux documents mais qui n’existe pas physiquement durant la période étudiée. Notre analyse montre comment la présence absence conduit tout d’abord à l’émergence d’une activité qui s’impose au cours du temps comme une nouvelle identité par des effets de renforcement. Elle créé des tensions au regard de l’identité désirée par les fondateurs incarnée dans l’artéfact présent absent jusqu’au conflit.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

National audience; Cette étude s’intéresse aux technologies de l’information et de la communication utilisées par les entreprises manufacturières françaises. Après un rappel des travaux concernant les relations entre ces technologies et les entreprises industrielles, nous nous focaliserons sur l’usage de ces technologies dans les entreprises internationales. Travaillant sur les données françaises recueillies dans le cadre d’une enquête européenne sur la modernisation de l'industrie (EMS), nous décrirons brièvement les caractéristiques des données sur les entreprises recueillies, puis nous présenterons les résultats. La discussion développera les intérêts théoriques et managériaux.

International audience;

International audience

This note presents empirical evidence on production backshoring - the move-ment of production activities from locations abroad back to the home country. Between 2010 and Mid-2012, only four percent of all firms moved production activities back to their home country. For every backshoring firm, there are more than three offshoring firms. Thus, from today's perspective it is unlikely that backshoring will be an important driver of a 'manufacturing renaissance' in Europe.The most frequent reason for backshoring is poor quality of the goods pro-duced at foreign locations, followed by the loss of flexibility and too high transport costs. Sectors with a high backshoring propensity are electrical equipment, communications equipment and the automotive industry. These sectors may be the most obvious candidates for policy intervention to increase the frequency of backshoring in European manufacturing.

International audience; To better understand what makes blockbusters and fiascos in the film industry, I reconcile two opposed perspectives: literature on champions considers persistence as a positive behavior associated with successful innovation, whereas escalation literature considers it as a negative behavior associated with increasing costs and losses. Five propositions highlight why champions favor escalation of commitment to a failing course of action and a sixth one highlights the incidence of champions on the outcome. Propositions are illustrated by two case studies: blockbuster Titanic, championed by James Cameron, and fiasco Heaven's Gate, championed by Michael Cimino.

International audience; Several studies have enriched our understanding of routine dynamics by shedding light on the relationships between their ostensive and performative aspects. In this article, we integrate artifacts to better understand the consequences of the full generative system on stability and change. Empirically, we study disciplinary sanction routines in French public nursing homes. Analyses show that directors tend to minimize penalties for misconducts while engaging in training and sometimes organizational change to avoid further misconducts. We argue that minimizing penalties in performative routines impedes the evolution of legal artifacts while being source of local adaptations of behaviors and other routines. We thus suggest that instead of creating new artifacts, departures of performative from ostensive aspects of routines can favor artifacts persistence while being source of changes in other routines.

National audience; L'article propose une synthèse des perspectives psychologiques et économiques de l'escalade de l'engagement mettant l'accent sur la littérature plus marginale qui discute de la pertinence de qualifier l'escalade de l'engagement d'erreur de décision. Une première partie est consacrée à la description des différentes perspectives et leur articulation dans un prototype théorique temporel en trois parties. Une deuxième partie s'intéresse aux outils destinés à favoriser une décision rationnelle en situation d'escalade et en montre les limites. L'article espère ainsi contribuer au débat sur l'escalade de l'engagement comme comportement erroné ou non en spécifiant les intérêts et limites de chaque perspective.

Open innovation increases performance of incubating firms but the competencies that entrepreneurs need to succeed in this new context of innovation are still unknown. This study aims at expanding our understanding of open innovation competencies by testing 1/ whether the "competence profile for open innovation" identified by du Chatenier et al. (2010) applied to entrepreneurs, and 2/ the relevance of some management technical competencies highlighted in managerial literature. For that purpose, we collected data on competencies from 70 entrepreneurs in six technological incubators in Romania. Entrepreneurs rated their competencies and indicated the extent to which they use each of them in their open innovation projects. Descriptive data showed the relevance of competencies for open innovation from the academic literature but indicated that technical managerial competencies were rated lower than the others. Factor analysis did not fully confirm the theoretical clusters of the competence profile but only tended to show the hierarchical structure distinguishing between self-management competencies and task-management competencies. Regressions showed that competencies for open innovation are more related to radical innovation than incremental and organizational innovation. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the relevance of the competence profile for entrepreneurs. Knowing what competencies for open innovation entrepreneurs require and how to measure them has direct and important managerial implications. Incubator managers can assess self-management competencies to select entrepreneurs who have a better chance to succeed. They can also assess entrepreneurs' task-management competencies to better train them if needed.