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Objective To characterize the population of children hospitalized as a result of violence. Methods This retrospective study used data from the Israeli National Trauma Registry on patients aged 0-17 years hospitalized for trauma during 1998-2006. Of 65 430 patients, 2060 (3.1%) had violence-related injuries. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to characterize injury patterns and multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with severe injury. Findings Half the victims of violence < 18 years of age were 15-17 years old. Most were boys. Violence-related trauma occurred more often than other trauma in the street, at school or in a public place or leisure facility, but less often at home. Unarmed brawling and stabbing were the most common types of violence. Brawling affected Jewish children more, while non-Jewish children were more often injured by firearms. The boundaries of age groups with different injury rates corresponded to the "institutional" childhood stages of the Israeli educational system: the violence-related injury rate dropped after the first year of life, stayed low during kindergarten, rose slightly during elementary school and rose steeply during secondary and high school. The percentage of males increased with each age group. The street became more dangerous with age, while school and home became safer. Adolescents aged 15-17 years, newborn infants and those injured by firearms had the highest risk of severe injury. Conclusion Age and type of violence were the most important predictors of violence frequency and severity. Ethnicity lost importance when adjusted by these factors. Further research on their influence on violence-related injury is needed. Objectif Caracteriser la population des enfants hospitalises a la suite d&apos;un acte de violence. Methodes Cette etude retrospective a utilise des donnees provenant du registre national israelien des traumatismes et concernant des patients de 0 a 17 ans, hospitalises pour traumatisme entre 1998 et 2006. Sur 65 430 patients, 2060 (3,1%) avaient ete victimes de distribution des traumatismes lies a la violence. On a utilise une analyse statistique descriptive et une analyse bivariee pour caracteriser les schemas de distribution de traumatismes et une analyse multivariee pour identifier les facteurs associes aux traumatismes severes. Resultats La moitie des victimes de violence de moins de 18 ans avaient entre 15 et 17 ans. II s&apos;agissait dans la plupart des cas de garcons. Les traumatismes lies a la violence etaient plus frequents que les autres formes de traumatismes dans la rue, a l&apos;ecole et dans les lieux publics ou les installations de loisirs, mais etaient moins courants que ces autres formes a domicile. Les bagarres sans arme et les blessures a l&apos;arme blanche etaient les types de violence les plus courants. Les enfants juifs etaient plus souvent victimes de bagarres, tandis que la frequence des blessures par arme a feu etait plus elevee chez les enfants non juifs. Les limites des tranches d&apos;ages concernees par les differents taux de traumatismes correspondaient aux stades de fonctionnement institutionnel du systeme d&apos;education israelien: le taux de traumatismes lies a la violence chutait apre&apos;s la premiere annee de vie, se maintenait a une valeur faible pendant le jardin d&apos;enfants, progressait legerement durant l&apos;ecole primaire, puis augmentait en fleche au cours du cycle secondaire. Le pourcentage de garcons s&apos;elevait a l&apos;entree de chaque nouvelle tranche d&apos;ages. La dangerosite de la rue augmentait, alors que l&apos;ecole et le domicile devenaient de plus en plus surs, a mesure que les enfants avancaient en age. Le risque de traumatisme severe etait maximal pour les adolescents de 15 a 17 ans, pour les nouveaunes et pour les enfants blesses par des armes a feu. Conclusions L&apos;age et le type de violence etaient les facteurs predictifs les plus importants de la frequence et de la gravite des violences. Apres ajustement pour ces facteurs, le poids de l&apos;origine ethnique devenait moindre. Il conviendrait d&apos;etudier de maniere plus approfondie l&apos;influence de ces facteurs sur les traumatismes lies a la violence. Objetivo Caracterizar la poblacion infantil hospitalizada a consecuencia de actos violentos. Metodos En este estudio retrospectivo se utilizaron datos del Registro Nacional Israeli de Lesiones sobre pacientes de 0 a 17 anos hospitalizados con lesiones en el periodo 1998-2006. De los 65 430 pacientes, 2060 (3,1%) presentaban lesiones relacionadas con la violencia. Se utilizaron estadisticos descriptivos y analisis bivariados para caracterizar la distribucion de las lesiones, y analisis multivariados para identificar los factores asociados a las lesiones graves. Resultados La mitad de la victimas de violencia menores de 18 anos tenian entre 15 y 17 anos. La mayoria eran del sexo masculino. Las lesiones relacionadas con la violencia fueron mas frecuentes que otras lesiones en la calle, la escuela, lugares publicos o centros de ocio, pero menos frecuentes en et hogar. Las peleas sin armas y con arma blanca fueron los tipos mas frecuentes de violencia. Las peleas sin armas afectaron mas a los ninos judios, mientras que las lesiones por arma de fuego fueron mas frecuentes en los ninos no judios. Los limites de los grupos de edad con diferentes tasas de lesiones se correspondieron con las etapas << institucionales >> del sistema educativo israeli: la tasa de lesiones relacionadas con la violencia disminuyo despues del primer ano de vida, se mantuvo baja en la etapa preescolar, aumento ligeramente durante la etapa de escolarizacion basica, y aumento en la etapa de la educacion secundaria. El porcentaje de varones fue aumentando en cada uno de esos grupos de edad. La calle se volvio mas peligrosa al aumentar la edad, mientras que la escuela y el hogar se hicieron mas seguros. Los adolescentes de 15 a 17 anos, los recien nacidos y las victimas de lesiones por armas de fuego fueron quienes presentaron mayor riesgo de sufrir lesiones graves. Conclusiones La edad y el tipo de violencia fueron los factores mas importantes para predecir la frecuencia y la gravedad de la violencia. El origen etnico perdio valor al ajustar los datos en funcion de estos factores, cuya influencia en las lesiones relacionadas con la violencia hay que seguir investigando., Introduction Violence-related injury remains one of the leading causes of child mortality worldwide, especially in low-income countries. Lately, even some developed countries have experienced a significant rise in interpersonal violence. [...]

Adrenal-renal fusion is a rare entity wherein the capsule of the adrenal gland is fused to the kidney. Here, we report a case of adrenal-renal fusion making intraoperative dissection challenging. We also report on four other cases of adrenal-renal fusion at our institution and a review of the literature. Although rare, radiologists and surgeons must be aware of this condition and consider it as a possibility, especially when dealing with upper pole renal lesions in order to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary resections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare injury patterns of different types of explosions., Methods: A retrospective study of 4508 patients hospitalized due to explosions recorded in the Israel National Trauma Registry between January 1997 and December 2018. The events were divided into 4 groups: terror-related, war-related, civilian intentional explosions, and civilian unintentional explosions. The groups were compared in terms of injuries sustained, utilization of hospital resources, and clinical outcomes., Results: Civilian intentional and terror-related explosions were found to be similar in most aspects except for factors directly influencing mortality and a larger volume of severely injured body regions among terror-victims. Comparisons between other groups produced some parallels, albeit less consistent. Civilian intentional explosions and civilian unintentional explosions were different from each other in most aspects. The latter group also differed from others by its high volume of life-threatening burns and a higher proportion of children casualties., Conclusions: While consistent similarities between explosion casualties exist, especially between victims of intentional civilian and terror-related explosions, the general rule is that clinical experience with a type of explosion cannot be directly transferred to other types.

Objective: Surgery plays an important role in the management of Chiari I malformation. The purpose of this article is to review expected and unexpected MRI findings after the various types of surgery performed during the treatment of Chiari I malformation and associated abnormalities., Conclusion: Familiarity with optimal MRI techniques and findings is important when evaluating postoperative changes after treatment of Chiari I malformation.