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Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The demand for environmentally friendly natural dyes has risen significantly. This study currently aims to assess the rub-fastness properties of silk and lyocell fabrics that have been dyed using Tinospora cordifolia stem extracts. This dyeing process involves the utilization of both Citrus limon and potassium aluminium sulfate as mordants. To achieve this objective, we have employed the Box-Behnken experimental research design for sample preparation. Our investigation delves into the influence of various processing factors, encompassing dye concentration, time duration, and temperature, on the rubbing fastness attributes of lyocell and silk fabrics treated with Citrus limon extract and alum mordant. The dye, sourced through an aqueous extraction method from Tinospora cordifolia stems, is subsequently employed in dyeing silk and lyocell fabrics, followed by mordanting using the meta-mordanting technique. The assessment of rubbing fastness quality is conducted using the standard test method AATCC 8 for both fabric types. Our experimental findings unveil a notable similarity in rubbing properties between lyocell and silk fabrics dyed with Citrus limon and those treated with potassium aluminium sulfate mordant. Intriguingly, fabric samples treated with Citrus limon mordants exhibit marginally enhanced rubbing (2 to 3 G to 5 G) results when juxtaposed with their counterparts treated with potassium aluminium sulfate mordant. Throughout the experimental course, it becomes evident that both temperature (35 °C, 50 °C, 65 °C) and time (40, 55 and 70 min) exert a significant influence on the wet and dry rubbing fastness characteristics of both silk and lyocell fabrics. Notably, as dyeing time and temperature increase, there is a corresponding rise in fabric dye uptake.

In this study, single jersey knitted fabrics were produced from 100 % Ne 12/1 cotton, 100 % Ne 30/1 cotton, Ne 12/1 70% cotton + 30% hemp, Ne 30/1 50% modal + 50 % cotton, Ne 30/1 100 % viscose, and Ne 30/1 50 % viscose + 50 % cotton. The raw materials were bleached and singed, after which reactive pretreatment paste recipes were padded onto the fabrics, and then colored with digital printing. Fastness analyses and spectrophotometric color measurements were applied to the samples. When the results were determined, it was obviously seen that the washing, ironing, and rubbing fastness are of very high degrees because reactive dyestuffs make covalent bonds with the fibers. Thus, the increase in the amount of thickener also increased the bonding and provided better adhesion of the color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple washing and soaping are very important to remove floating color on the surface of indigo denim fabric in the traditional water bath. In indigo/silicon non-aqueous dyeing system, the once dyeing cotton usually can obtain depth color, but less washing time make the dyed fiber has poor rubbing fastness and color fastness to weathering which were ignored in traditional dyeing process. In this paper, the influence of dyeing parameters (indigo, NaOH, and Na2S2O4) on the rubbing fastness and color fastness to weathering were analyzed. The results enough NaOH and Na2S2O4 were added in dyeing system, more smooth of the fiber surface can be obtained, which shown the best rubbing fastness of the dyed fiber was obtained at 6% (o.w.f) indigo，8% (o.w.f) NaOH，25%(o.w.f) Na2S2O4. On the other hand, rubbing fastness will be decreased with the increase of indigo concentration. As for colorfastness of weathering, the results of High Performance Liquid Chromatography demonstrated the indigo was oxidized and decomposed into isatin during the weathering test which caused the fiber yellowing. And the yellowing resulted in an increased L value and b value. And the conclusion of SEM analysis and K/S Value indicated best color fastness to weathering can be obtained at 6% (o.w.f) indigo，8% (o.w.f) NaOH，15%(o.w.f) Na2S2O4, and the darker the fiber, the better the color fastness to weathering. Furthermore, this research made up for the defects that the research of factors which affect the color fastness to weathering of indigo dyed products, and has great significance to find a suitable method to improve the color fastness and promote the indigo/silicon non-aqueous dyeing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of new symmetric bis-pyrazolone acid dye and its 3d transition metal complexes is studied. Bis-pyrazolone is synthesized from (E)-6,6'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(3-hydrazinylbenzenesulfonic acid) and ethyl ace-toacetate. The synthesized bis-pyrazolone is coupled with diazonium salt of 4-sulpho-2-aminophenol in alkaline medium targeting bis-pyrazolone ligand acid dye. Various metal complexes are obtained by treating a methanolic solution of metal salts with ligand acid dye in basic media. Structures of the synthesized ligand dye and its metal complexes are confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR spectra. The ligand acid dye and metal complex dyes demonstrate absorption in UV-Vis in the range of 400–600 nm. Ligand acid dye and its metal complexes demonstrate good to high value of light speed, washing fastness and rubbing fastness on leather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment preservation is a common worry not only for people but for companies as well. Industry is more and more concern about the necessity of developing new and more respectful processes. Dye is one of the most important processes in the textile industry but it is also considered as no too safe regarding environment issues. This process uses large amounts of water and generates big volumes of wastewater. Following this issue, new regulations and laws emerge to control the waste generated. This leads to the companies and increased costs in terms of wastewater treatments and high water consumption. In this research we compare two systems on garment finishing application, the conventional bath process and the new Ecofinish system that is able to save water and product. To compare these processes, we carried out a reactive dyeing using both systems in order to determine the quality differences in the final product. For this purpose, the samples have been tested to washing and rubbing fastness, according to UNE EN ISO 105 C10 and UNE- EN ISO 105 X12 standards, respectively. This study confirms that this system achieves water savings and reduces the wastewater produced, getting a good dyeing. This process can be considered as an alternative to the conventional one.

Textile finishing processes use tremendous amount of water, consume much energy and create dramatic level of effluents. Printing is one of the finishing techniques, which is developing day by day with getting benefit from the innovative approaches to be more environment friendly application. In this study, silk fabrics have been patterned with plant leafs, and in the end, the performances of the fabrics have been investigated. First of all, three different scouring recipes have been prepared for the pretreatment of fabrics. Then, alum and cream of tartar have been used for mordanting. Next, fabrics, directly in contact with wet plant leafs, have been kept inside the boiling water for final patterning. At last, treated fabrics have been tested in terms of washing fastness, rubbing fastness, tenacity and elasticity in order to analyze the impact of scouring, mordanting and patterning processes on the fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linen textiles appear to be some of the oldest in the world. Nowadays flax fibres are coming back to the fashion industry thanks to their freshness, comfort, and innovative technologies providing the elegance of and demand for linen clothing. Direct dyes are popular for dyeing cellulosic fibres due to their reasonable price and easy use. As the first synthetic dyes they are currently used for dyeing textile materials in order to repair and consolidate the threads. Unfortunately, these dyes have only moderate fastness properties. Many studies have been conducted to improve substantivity of anionic direct dyes for cellulosic materials. In most cases the suggested methods are expensive and technologically complicated. We examined the colour properties of the fabric dyed with direct dyes in the case the linen fabric was modified by alkali and enzyme BEISOL PRO treatment. To evaluate the modification effect, the colour characteristics before and after light test were used, and the fastness to rubbing as well as mechanical properties were determined. The colour characteristics of dyed fabrics and the fastness to rubbing differed depending on the used dye. The wet fastness to rubbing was lower than the dry fastness. The tensile strength and elongation in the warp direction were superior in all cases and did not depend on the used dye. The influence of modification type on fabric light resistance was not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the dyeing properties of pigment printing fabrics in a water-ethanol mixed solvent. SEM, infrared spectroscopy, XRD, and rheological studies were carried out to understand the results. The K/S values of all pigment printing fabrics initially increased prior to a subsequent decrease, as can be observed from SEM images of the fabric surfaces. Viscosity tests indicated that variations in the dyeing performance in the mixed solvent could be mainly attributed to the quality of the thickener. Through examination of the rheological properties of the NaAlg paste and the IR spectra of the NaAlg membrane, ethanol appeared to weaken the hydrogen bonds between the NaAlg chains and water molecules, leading to more compact and disordered NaAlg chains. As the rubbing fastness remained relatively constant upon increasing the colour depth of the printing fabrics, this indicated the potential for broadening the application range of such a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was synthesis of substituted naphthoquinone derivatives and testing of their dyeability on polyester fibers. There are few studies concerned with dyeing properties of heteroatom-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone compounds in the literature. A series of N-, S-, O-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinone compounds were synthesized via vinylic substitution. Their structures were determined by infrared spectrometry, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in different solvents. The dyes were applied to polyester fibers and dyeing properties were investigated. The rubbing fastness, wash fastness and optical properties of the synthesized compounds also were measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone softeners make fabric not only softer, brighterd slippery but also more elastic in order to produce desirable handle. In this paper, the affect of silicone softeners on some mechanical and functional properties of knitted regenerated (viscose, modal, Viloft®, micromodal, lyocell and bamboo) fabrics were assessed. For this purpose, commercially used silicone softeners with three different particle sizes (macro, semi-macro, micro) were applied on these fabrics by a continuous methodin identical conditions. The impact of using different softeners on the weight, thickness, pilling resistance, wet and dry rubbing fastness, total colour change and air permeability of these fabrics were investigated. Results revealed that the highest colour efficiency is obtained from lyocell fabrics. Silicone softener application increased the pilling performance of regenerated cellulose fabrics but had no affect on the wet and dry rubbing color fastness. It was found that the application of softeners has a significant affect on air permeability with respect to untreated fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bola polyhydroxy silicone quaternary ammonium (BPSQA) was synthesized by quaternization of propyl‐propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) and γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTS). The structure and properties of the BPSQA were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), zeta potential, and particle size distribution. The performance test show that BPSQA has vesica morphology and superior stability. The surface of cotton fabric treated with BPSQA is smooth. When the molar ratio of PTSO/CPTS was 1:1.25, the zeta potential of the BPSQA in aqueous dispersion reached the maximum + 48 mV. The K/S values and the color appearance of dyed cotton fabrics show that the BPSQA has better washing colorfastness, excellent durability of the rubbing fastness, and UV irradiation fastness than PTSO. Therefore, this facile strategy is important in preparing agent materials for cotton fabric dyeing and reducing the dye content in the wastewater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes were treated with composite silicon sol by traditional pad-dry-cure process in order to investigate the colour fixation properties. The results show that the hue values of the fabrics change little and the dry and wet rubbing fastnesses are improved by more than half a grade. The fade rate of washing at 60°C decreased by ∼30% due to the protection of composite silicon sol thin film on the surface of cotton fabric. The ΔE value of the fabric dyed with reactive red dye exposed in the Xenotest could be decreased from 17·6 to 7·4. The data demonstrate that the composite silicon sol treatment has no important effect on the handle of fabrics, indicating that the composite sol method is an effective way to improve the colour fastness of cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, the lanasol CE reactive dye was opted to the colloid mixing dyeing process of OPTIM. The colloid mixing auxiliary was added into the dyeing system to prepare for the low tempareture dyeing process of OPTIM by changing the interaction mode among dyestuff, auxiliary and fiber. It was found that, through the colloid mixing dyeing process, the dyestuff could absorb onto the surface immediately under the low temperature range, and the auxiliary PB could impart OPTIM a fluffier feel and a better rubbing fastness. The products' properties were compared between the colloid dyeing process under the optimised formula that it was 1. 0% ( owf) WR, 0. 12% ( owf) A, 0. 5% ( owf) PB and 2. 5% ( owf) HAc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the process of digital printing using the reactive dye ink on grain leather was studied. In order to solve the problem of poor rubbing fastness, different reagents were used on leather respectively before printing. When the leather was overprinted with the modifier G after digital printing and being baked for 3 minutes at 140 °C, the printing was chic and bright in color. The dry rubbing fastness of the printed leather was improved by 2 grades and the wet rubbing fastness increased by 1 ~ 2 grades. After the printed leather was finished with water-base resin, the dry and the wet rubbing fastness were both improved to 4 ~ 5 grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigo dyeing for cotton fibers can achieve ideal color depth in silicone non-aqueous medium dyeing system and solve some environmental pollution problems which were caused by the traditional water bath dyeing. However, the rubbing fastness of indigo-dyed cotton fiber is poor, which will influence the spinning process. In this investigation, three fixing agents commonly used in the market were screened to treat the indigo-dyed cotton fibers and their working mechanism was also studied. The results of GPC and FTIR showed that all the three fixing agents were polyurethanes which have a similar narrow molecular weight distribution and they could combine with indigo-dyed cotton fiber with intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds) and ionic bonds with indigo-dyed cotton fiber. Compared with these fixing agents, fixing agent J has a better effect on reducing the friction coefficient of fiber because cotton fiber was the smoothest after fixing. After adding some cationic surfactant during fixing, the effect of fixation was influenced because there was a competition relation between the fixing agent and surfactant. From the spinning process, the rubbing fastness of fiber treated with fixing agent can meet the spinning requirements. 100 kg/d industrial application provides compelling proof of indigo dyeing in non-aqueous medium dyeing system, because this dyeing technology can change the complex process of traditional indigo dyeing, the monotonous style, and the serious waste water pollution for cowboy wear production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Environmental friendly WPU matting material with good stability. • Low SiO 2 content and low viscosity with high gloss reduction. • Outstanding wet-dry rubbing fastness and mechanical performances. • Covalently bonded SiO 2 leading to formation of an excellent uneven heterogeneous rough surface. A prepolymer of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, polyoxypropylene glycol, polycaprolactone, dimethylol propionic acid and triethylamine. Silicon dioxide (SiO 2) was modified by N -(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in water, through which active amino groups were introduced on the modified SiO 2 surface. Then, the water solution was directly added into the WPU prepolymer for emulsification, these active amino groups participate in isocyanate reaction and chain extension. Finally, modified SiO 2 compounds were grafted into polyurethane chains, forming environmentally friendly matting material. The properties of the synthesized matting material were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle analysis, scanning electron microscopy, volatile organic compound content test, solid content test, viscosity measurement, stability test, specular gloss, wet-dry rubbing fastness, etc. The glossy behavior, mechanical property and stability of the matt WPU material exhibited remarkable performances and showed good commercial potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the poor rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the indigo/silicon non-aqueous dyeing system, the process parameters of the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system were optimized. Dyed cotton fiber was post-treated to achieve the optimum dyeing conditions for obtaining a better rubbing fastness. Meanwhile, the dyeing performance of cotton fiber in a traditional water bath and silicon non-aqueous dyeing system was compared. The results showed that the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system (one dyeing) was lower than that of traditional water bath (twelve cycles), although the color depth of dyed cotton fiber was deeper. For obtaining a good rubbing fastness, the optimum temperature was about 70 °C and the optimal dyeing cycle was one. Moreover, fixing agents can significantly improve the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber. Especially, cationic waterborne polyurethane had an optimal fixing effect on the dyed cotton fiber. Soft finishing would weaken the effect of fixing finishing on the dyed cotton fiber, but the softener can significantly improve the handle of dyed cotton fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)