Search

We consider formulae for universal (in Vogel’s sense) quantum dimensions and their applications. Universal quantum dimensions of Cartan powers of $${{X}_{2}}$$ and adjoint representations at the points of special type singularities are shown to give correct answers when restricted to both exceptional and one other appropriate lines. Derivation of Diophantine equations, classifying simple Lie algebras, from the universal quantum dimension of the adjoint representation is presented.

We present a new expression for the partition function of the refined Chern-Simons theory on S3 with an arbitrary gauge group, which is explicitly equal to 1 when the coupling constant is zero. Using this form of the partition function we show that the previously known Krefl-Schwarz representation of the partition function of the refined Chern-Simons theory on S3 can be generalized to all simply laced algebras.For all non-simply laced gauge algebras, we derive similar representations of that partition function, which makes it possible to transform it into a product of multiple sine functions aiming at the further establishment of duality with the refined topological strings.

We represent in the universal form restricted one-instanton partition function of supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. It is based on the derivation of universal expressions for quantum dimensions (universal characters) of Cartan powers of adjoint and some other series of irreps of simple Lie algebras. These formulae also provide a proof of formulae for universal quantum dimensions for low-dimensional representations, needed in derivation of universal knot polynomials (i.e. colored Wilson averages of Chern-Simons theory on 3d sphere). As a check of the (complicated) formulae for universal quantum dimensions we prove numerically Deligne's hypothesis on universal characters for symmetric cube of adjoint representation., Comment: 11 pages, Wording improved, Table 4 simplified

We present a universal, in Vogel’s sense, expression for the quantum dimension of the Cartan product of arbitrary powers of the adjoint and X2 representations of simple Lie algebras. The same formula mysteriously yields quantum dimensions of some other representations of the same Lie algebra for permuted universal parameters, provided linear resolvability of singularities is applied. We list these representations for the exceptional algebras and their stable versions for the classical algebras (when the rank of the classical algebra is sufficiently large with regard to the powers of representations). Universal formulas may have singularities at the points in Vogel’s plane, corresponding to some simple Lie algebras. We prove that our formula is linearly resolvable at all those singular points, i.e., yields finite answers when restricted either on the classical or the exceptional lines, and make a conjecture that these answers coincide with (quantum) dimensions of some irreducible representations. In a number of cases, particularly, in the case of so(8) algebra, which belongs both to the orthogonal and the exceptional lines, it is confirmed that both resolutions yield relevant answers. We note that an irreducible representation may have several universal formulas for its (quantum) dimension and discuss the impact of this phenomenon to the method presented by Cohen and de Man [C. R.Acad. Sci., Ser. 1 322(5), 427–432 (1996)] for derivation of universal formulas.

We present the partition function of Chern-Simons theory with the exceptional gauge group on three-sphere in the form of a partition function of the refined closed topological string with relation $2\tau=g_s(1-b) $ between single K\"ahler parameter $\tau$, string coupling constant $g_s$ and refinement parameter $b$, where $b=\frac{5}{3},\frac{5}{2},3,4,6$ for $G_2, F_4, E_6, E_7, E_8$, respectively. The non-zero BPS invariants $N^d_{J_L,J_R}$ ($d$ - degree) are $N^2_{0,\frac{1}{2}}=1, N^{11}_{0,1}=1$. Besides these terms, partition function of Chern-Simons theory contains term corresponding to the refined constant maps of string theory. Derivation is based on the universal (in Vogel's sense) form of a Chern-Simons partition function on three-sphere, restricted to exceptional line $Exc$ with Vogel's parameters satisfying $\gamma=2(\alpha+\beta)$. This line contains points, corresponding to the all exceptional groups. The same results are obtained for $F$ line $\gamma=\alpha+\beta$ (containing $SU(4), SO(10)$ and $E_6$ groups), with the non-zero $N^2_{0,\frac{1}{2}}=1, N^{7}_{0,1}=1$. In both cases refinement parameter $b$ ($=-\epsilon_2/\epsilon_1$ in terms of Nekrasov's parameters) is given in terms of universal parameters, restricted to the line, by $b=-\beta/\alpha$., Comment: 8 pages

We define “population” of Vogel’s plane as points for which universal character of adjoint representation is regular in the finite plane of its argument. It is shown that they are given exactly by all solutions of seven Diophantine equations of third order on three variables. We find all their solutions: classical series of simple Lie algebras (including an “odd symplectic” one), \({D_{2,1,\lambda}}\) superalgebra, the line of sl(2) algebras, and a number of isolated solutions, including exceptional simple Lie algebras. One of these Diophantine equations, namely \({knm=4k+4n+2m+12,}\) contains all simple Lie algebras, except so\({(2N+1).}\) Among isolated solutions are, besides exceptional simple Lie algebras, so called \({\mathfrak{e}_{7\frac{1}{2}}}\) algebra and also two other similar unidentified objects with positive dimensions. In addition, there are 47 isolated solutions in “unphysical semiplane” with negative dimensions. Isolated solutions mainly belong to the few lines in Vogel plane, including some rows of Freudenthal magic square. Universal dimension formulae have an integer values on all these solutions at least for first three symmetric powers of adjoint representation.

We notice that one of the Diophantine equations, $knm=2kn+2km+2nm$, arising in the universality originated Diophantine classification of simple Lie algebras, has interesting interpretations for two different sets of signs of variables. In both cases it describes "regular polyhedrons" with $k$ edges in each vertex, $n$ edges of each face, with total number of edges $|m|$, and Euler characteristics $\chi=\pm 2$. In the case of negative $m$ this equation corresponds to $\chi=2$ and describes true regular polyhedrons, Platonic solids. The case with positive $m$ corresponds to Euler characteristic $\chi=-2$ and describes the so called equivelar maps (charts) on the surface of genus $2$. In the former case there are two routes from Platonic solids to simple Lie algebras - abovementioned Diophantine classification and McKay correspondence. We compare them for all solutions of this type, and find coincidence in the case of icosahedron (dodecahedron), corresponding to $E_8$ algebra. In the case of positive $k$, $n$ and $m$ we obtain in this way the interpretation of (some of) the mysterious solutions (Y-objects), appearing in the Diophantine classification and having some similarities with simple Lie algebras., Comment: 11 pages

We calculate $q$-dimension of $k$-th Cartan power of fundamental representation $\Lambda_0$, corresponding to affine root of affine simply laced Kac-Moody algebras, and show that in the limit $q\rightarrow 1 $, and with natural renormalization, it is equal to universal partition function of Chern-Simons theory on three-dimensional sphere., Comment: 8 pages

We present a universal knot polynomials for 2- and 3-strand torus knots in adjoint representation, by universalization of appropriate Rosso-Jones formula. According to universality, these polynomials coincide with adjoined colored HOMFLY and Kauffman polynomials at SL and SO/Sp lines on Vogel's plane, and give their exceptional group's counterparts on exceptional line. We demonstrate that [m,n]=[n,m] topological invariance, when applicable, take place on the entire Vogel's plane. We also suggest the universal form of invariant of figure eight knot in adjoint representation, and suggest existence of such universalization for any knot in adjoint and its descendant representation. Properties of universal polynomials and applications of these results are discussed., 26 pages, a number of misprints corrected, section 2.4 mainly sent to added Appendix B

We show that integral representation of universal volume function of compact simple Lie groups gives rise to six analytic functions on $CP^2$, which transform as two triplets under group of permutations of Vogel's projective parameters. This substitutes expected invariance under permutations of universal parameters by more complicated covariance. We provide an analytical continuation of these functions and particularly calculate their change under permutations of parameters. This last relation is universal generalization, for an arbitrary simple Lie group and an arbitrary point in Vogel's plane, of the Kinkelin's reflection relation on Barnes' $G(1+N)$ function. Kinkelin's relation gives asymmetry of the $G(1+N)$ function (which is essentially the volume function for $SU(N)$ groups) under $N\leftrightarrow -N$ transformation (which is equivalent of the permutation of parameters, for $SU(N)$ groups), and coincides with universal relation on permutations at the $SU(N)$ line on Vogel's plane. These results are also applicable to universal partition function of Chern-Simons theory on three-dimensional sphere. This effect is analogous to modular covariance, instead of invariance, of partition functions of appropriate gauge theories under modular transformation of couplings., Comment: 28 pages

We present the explicit formulae relating Hopf maps with Wigner's little groups. They, particularly, explain simple action of group on a fiber for the first and second Hopf fibrations, and present most simplified form for the third one. Corresponding invariant Lagrangians are presented, and their possible reductions are discussed., 9pp, published version

We invoke universal Chern-Simons theory to analytically calculate the exact free energy of the refined topological string on the resolved conifold. In the unrefined limit we reproduce non-perturbative corrections for the resolved conifold found elsewhere in the literature, thereby providing strong evidence that the Chern-Simons / topological string duality is exact, and in particular holds at arbitrary N as well. In the refined case, the non-perturbative corrections we find are novel and appear to be non-trivial. We show that non-perturbatively special treatment is needed for rational valued deformation parameter. Above results are also extend to refined Chern-Simons with orthogonal groups., 32 pages

We show that partition function of Chern-Simons theory on three-sphere with classical and exceptional groups (actually on the whole corresponding lines in Vogel's plane) can be represented as ratio of respectively triple and double sine functions (last function is essentially a modular quantum dilogarithm). The product representation of sine functions gives Gopakumar-Vafa structure form of partition function, which in turn gives a corresponding integer invariants of manifold after geometrical transition. In this way we suggest to extend gauge/string duality to exceptional groups, although one still have to resolve few problems. In both classical and exceptional cases an additional terms, non-perturbative w.r.t. the string coupling constant, appear. The full universal partition function of Chern-Simons theory on three-sphere is shown to be the ratio of quadruple sine functions. We also briefly discuss the matrix model for exceptional line., Comment: 22 pages, all formulae remain the same, text reflects their content better

The SO(2,10) covariant extension of M-theory superalgebra is considered, with the aim to construct a correspondingly generalized M-theory, or 11d supergravity. For the orbit, corresponding to the $11d$ supergravity multiplet, the simplest unitary representations of the bosonic part of this algebra, with sixth-rank tensor excluded, are constructed on a language of field theory in 66d space-time. The main peculiarities are the presence of more than one equation of motion and corresponding Lagrangians for a given field and that the gauge and SUSY invariances of the theory mean that the sum of variations of these Lagrangians (with different variations of the same field) is equal to zero., Latex 16 pages, minor correction, To appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A

It is shown, that recently constructed PST Lagrangians for chiral supergravities follow directly from earlier Kavalov-Mkrtchyan Lagrangians by an Ansatz for the $\theta $ tensor by expressing this in terms of the PST scalar. The susy algebra which included earlier $\alpha$-symmetry in the commutator of supersymmetry transformations, is now shown to include both PST symmetries, which arise from the single $\alpha$-symmetry term. The Lagrangian for the 5-brane is not described by this correspondence, and probably can be obtained from more general Lagrangians, posessing $\alpha$-symmetry., Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.B, Latex, 10 pages

The light-cone Hamiltonian approach is applied to the super D2-brane, and the equivalent area--preserving and U(1) gauge-invariant effective Lagrangian, which is quadratic in the U(1) gauge field, is derived. The latter is recognised to be that of the three-dimensional U(1) gauge theory, interacting with matter supermultiplets, in a special external induced supergravity metric and the gravitino field, depending on matter fields. The duality between this theory and 11d supermembrane theory is demonstrated in the light-cone gauge., Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.B, Latex, 12 pages

We apply the light-cone hamiltonian approach to D2-brane, and derive the equivalent gauge-invariant Lagrangian. The later appears to be that of three-dimensional Yang-Mills theory, interacting with matter fields, in the special external induced metric, depending on matter fields. The duality between this theory and 11d membrane is shown.

A special embedding of the SU(4) algebra in SU(10), including both spin two and spin three symmetry generators, is constructed. A possible five dimensional action for massless spin two and three fields with cubic interaction is constructed. The connection with the previously investigated higher spin theories in $AdS_{5}$ background is discussed. Generalization to the more general case of symmetries, including spins $2,3,\dots s$, is shown., 24 pages, Latex, v.2, minor corrections, references added, v.3, revised version, accepted for publication in JHEP

Closed simple integral representation through Vogel's universal parameters is found both for perturbative and nonperturbative (which is inverse invariant group volume) parts of free energy of Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$. This proves the universality of that partition function. For classical groups it manifestly satisfy N \rightarrow -N duality, in apparent contradiction with previously used ones. For SU(N) we show that asymptotic of nonperturbative part of our partition function coincides with that of Barnes G-function, recover Chern-Simons/topological string duality in genus expansion and resolve abovementioned contradiction. We discuss few possible directions of development of these results: derivation of representation of free energy through Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, possible appearance of non-perturbative additional terms, 1/N expansion for exceptional groups, duality between string coupling constant and K\"ahler parameters, etc., Comment: 18 pages, Final journal version, references added and refined

We show that both perturbative and non-perturbative parts of universal partition functions of Chern-Simons theory on 3d sphere are ratios of four over four Barnes' quadruple gamma functions with arguments given by linear combinations of universal parameters. Since nonperturbative part of partition function is essentially a universal compact simple Lie group's volume, latter appears to be expressed through quadruple Barnes' functions, also. For SU(N) values of parameters recurrent relations on Barnes' functions give the proof of level-rank duality of complete partition function, thus extending that duality on non-integer level and rank. We note that integral representation of universal partition function is defined on few disjoint regions in parameters' space, corresponding to different signs of real parts of parameters, and introduce a framework for discussion of analytic continuation of partition functions(s) from these regions. Although initial integral representation is symmetric under all permutations of parameters (which corresponds particularly to $N \rightarrow -N$ duality of gauge theories with classical groups), analytic continuations are not symmetric under transposition of parameters with different signs of their real parts. For the particular case of SU(N) Chern-Simons this asymmetry appears to be the Kinkelin's functional equation (reflection relation) for Barnes' G-function., Comment: 15 pages

We show that the perturbative part of the partition function in the Chern-Simons theory on a 3-sphere as well as the central charge and expectation value of the unknotted Wilson loop in the adjoint representation can be expressed in terms of the universal Vogel's parameters $\alpha, \beta, \gamma.$ The derivation is based on certain generalisations of the Freudenthal-de Vries strange formula., Comment: Slightly revised version with minor corrections

We present a new version of the radial reduction formalism to obtain a cubic interaction of higher spin gauge fields in $AdS_{d+1}$ space from the corresponding cubic interaction in a flat $d+2$ dimensional background. We modify the radial reduction procedure proposed previously by T. Biswas and W. Siegel in 2002 and applied to the free higher spin Lagrangian by K. Hallowell and A. Waldron in 2005. This modified radial reduction scheme is applied to interacting massless higher spin fields in Fronsdal's formulation, and all results are expressed in a direct $AdS_{d+1}$ invariant way with $AdS$ covariant derivatives. We present a consistent algorithm and define new procedure to obtain all corrections proportional to powers of the cosmological constant, and apply these to the main term of the cubic self-interaction., Comment: Latex, 30 pages,v2 references added

The effective action for 2d-gravity with manifest area-preserving invariance is obtained in the flat and in the general gravitational background. The cocyclic properties of the last action are proved, and generalizations on higher dimensions are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX

For two different natural definitions of Casimir operators for simple Lie algebras we show that their eigenvalues in the adjoint representation can be expressed polynomially in the universal Vogel's parameters $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ and give explicit formulae for the generating functions of these eigenvalues., Comment: Slightly revised version

The simplest W-type algebra is considered, which includes spin-3/2 and 1 currents, with the aim of finding all its realizations in the free fermion theory through the currents of the type γi1…i2sψi1 … ψi2s. The solution of this problem appears to be related to some problem in the theory of Lie algebras, and we give a classification of the solutions for γ tensors, which turn out to be connected with structure constants of Lie algebras. This is in parallel with previously known similar bosonic construction, connected with symmetric counterpart of the Lie algebras — the Jordan algebras.

The geometrical action for the algebra of area-preserving transformations of two-dimensional boundaryless manifolds (particularly for the torus) is constructed.

Restricting the eigenvalues of matrices in random matrix models produces different models (Hermitian, unitary, (anti)symmetric, Penner's, etc.). We consider the model in which the eigenvalues receive values from some discrete finite set of points, establish the connection of such a model with a finite Toda chain and study the details of this connection. We derive also the string equation, which in the limit, when eigenvalues become dense on a real axis, tends to the usual string equation.

Some properties of the previously proposed lattice version of the Abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory are studied. The lattice analog of BF systems is constructed, and the properties of both theories are found to be in close correspondence with those of the continuous theory. The correspondence with two-dimensional lattice statistical systems is established and the lattice origin of the framing of Wilson loops is shown.

The action for the field theory of (2+1)-dimensional universes filled by topological Yang-Mills fields is constructed.

The complete lagrangians for the theories mentioned in the title, are constructed. The supersymmetry and α-symmetry of the complete lagrangian of pure d = 6 N = 2 supergravity are proved and similarly they are proved for d = 10 N = 2 b chiral supergravity in first order over Fermi fields. The algebra of symmetries is considered for both theories. An exact connection of the first one with the non-chiral theories of Nishino and Sezgin is established.

We consider a few topics in $E_{11}$ approach to superstring/M-theory: even subgroups ($Z_2$ orbifolds) of $E_{n}$, n=11,10,9 and their connection to Kac-Moody algebras; $EE_{11}$ subgroup of $E_{11}$ and coincidence of one of its weights with the $l_1$ weight of $E_{11}$, known to contain brane charges; possible form of supersymmetry relation in $E_{11}$; decomposition of $l_1$ w.r.t. the $SO(10,10)$ and its square root at first few levels; particle orbit of $l_1 \ltimes E_{11}$. Possible relevance of coadjoint orbits method is noticed, based on a self-duality form of equations of motion in $E_{11}$., Two references added

We consider d=10 N=1 supersymmetry algebra with maximal number of tensor charges Z and introduce a class of orbits of Z, invariant w.r.t. the $T_8$ subgroup of massless particles' little group $T_8\ltimes SO(8)$. For that class of orbits we classify all possible orbits and little groups, which appear to be semidirect products of $T_8\ltimes SO(k_1)\times ... SO(k_n)$ form, with $k_1+...+k_n=8$, where compact factor is embedded into SO(8) by triality map. We define actions of little groups on supercharge Q and construct corresponding supermultiplets. In some particular cases we show the existence of supermultiplets with both Fermi and Bose sectors consisting of the same representations of tensorial Poincare. In addition, complete classification of supermultiplets (not restricted to $T_8$-invariant orbits) with rank-2 matrix of supersymmetry charges anticommutator, is given., LaTeX, 15 pages, 2 references added, comment to eq.(21) changed, text improved

Little groups for preon branes (i.e. configurations of branes with maximal (n-1)/n fraction of survived supersymmetry) for dimensions d=2,3,...,11 are calculated for all massless, and partially for massive orbits. For massless orbits little groups are semidirect product of d-2 translational group $T_{d-2}$ on a subgroup of (SO(d-2) $\times$ R-invariance) group. E.g. at d=9 the subgroup is exceptional $G_2$ group. It is also argued, that 11d Majorana spinor invariants, which distinguish orbits, are actually invariant under d=2+10 Lorentz group. Possible applications of these results include construction of field theories in generalized space-times with brane charges coordinates, different problems of group's representations decompositions, spin-statistics issues., LaTeX, 11 pages

The geometric action on a certain orbit of the group of the area-preserving diffeomorphisms is considered, and it is shown, that it coincides with a special reduction of the three-dimensional Chern-Simons theory, under which group and space coordinates are identified., Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX

The problem of decomposition of unitary irreps of (super) tensorial (i.e. extended with tensorial charges) Poincar{\'e} algebra w.r.t. its different subalgebras is considered. This requires calculation of little groups for different configurations of tensor charges. Particularly, for preon states (i.e. states with maximal supersymmetry) in different dimensions the particle content is calculated, i.e. the spectrum of usual Poincar{\'e} representations in the preon representation of tensorial Poincar{\'e}. At d=4 results coincide with (and may provide another point of view on) the Vasiliev's results in field theories in generalized space-time. The translational subgroup of little groups of massless particles and branes is shown to be (and coincide with, at d=4) a subgroup of little groups of "pure branes" algebras, i.e. tensorial Poincar{\'e} algebras without vector generators. At 11d it is shown that, contrary to lower dimensions, spinors are not homogeneous space of Lorentz group, and one have to distinguish at least 7 different kinds of preons., Comment: Misprints removed, text improved

The behavior of the divergent part of the bulk AdS/CFT effective action is considered with respect to the special finite diffeomorphism transformations acting on the boundary as a Weyl transformation of the boundary metric. The resulting 1-cocycle of the Weyl group is in full agreement with the 1-cocycle of the Weyl group obtained from the cohomological consideration of the effective action of the corresponding CFT., Comment: Latex, 13 pages, reference added, misprints corrected

The abelian gauge-invariant lattice theory is constructed which in the continuum limit and in the case of the U(1) gauge group tends to the Chern-Simons topological gauge theory.

The 12d supersymmetry algebra is considered, and classification of BPS states for some canonical form of second-rank central charge is given. It is shown, that possible fractions of survived supersymmetry can be 1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16 and 1/2, the values 3/8, 7/16 cannot be achieved in this way. The consideration of a special case of non-zero sixth-rank tensor charge also is included., Minor changes.Accepted for publication in Mod.Phys.Lett.A.Latex file

The general structure of trace anomaly, suggested recently by Deser and Shwimmer, is argued to be the consequence of the Wess-Zumino consistency condition. The response of partition function on a finite Weyl transformation, which is connected with the cocycles of the Weyl group in $d=2k$ dimensions is considered, and explicit answers for $d=4,6$ are obtained. Particularly, it is shown, that addition of the special combination of the local counterterms leads to the simple form of that cocycle, quadratic over Weyl field $\sigma$, i.e. the form, similar to the two-dimensional Lioville action. This form also establishes the connection of the cocycles with conformal-invariant operators of order $d$ and zero weight. Beside that, the general rule for transformation of that cocycles into the cocycles of diffeomorphisms group is presented., Comment: 14 pages

We give one more interpretation of the symbolic formulae $U(-N)=U(N)$ and $Sp(-2N)=SO(2N)$ by comparing the values of certain Casimir operators in the corresponding tensor representations. We show also that such relations can be extended to the classical symmetric spaces using Macdonald duality for Jack and Jacobi symmetric functions., Comment: 11 pages

This paper proposes a diagram technique for calculating the free energy and effective potential in relativistic field theory at finite temperature. It is similar to, but differs from, the real-time formalism of Dolan and Jackiw, which, contains redundant diagrams. The technique is most convenient for systematic low-temperature expansion.

Complete invariant lagrangians for N = 4 b and N = 2 six-dimensional chiral supergravities which contain (anti)self-duality equations among their equations of motion are constructed, and the algebra of symmetries of these lagrangians is considered.

The supersymmetry and α-symmetry of the complete Lagrangian of pure d = 6 N = 4b supergravity are proved.

The hierarchy of conformally invariant k-th powers of the Laplacian acting on a scalar field with scaling dimensions $\Delta_{(k)}=k-d/2$, k=1,2,3 as obtained in the recent work [1] is rederived using the Fefferman-Graham d+2 dimensional ambient space approach. The corresponding mysterious "holographic" structure of these operators is clarified. We explore also the d+2 dimensional ambient space origin of the Ricci gauging procedure proposed by A. Iorio, L. O'Raifeartaigh, I. Sachs and C. Wiesendanger as another method of constructing the Weyl invariant Lagrangians. The corresponding \emph{gauged} ambient metric, Fefferman-Graham expansion and extended Penrose-Brown-Henneaux transformations are proposed and analyzed., Comment: 15 pages, Latex, v.2 references added, v.3 ref. added, to appear in Phys. Lett. B

It is noted that Hartly-Hawking's wave function of the ground state of the universe is equal to zero when its arguments (i.e. the universe and matter fields in it) satisfy some topological conditions. These conditions are obtained in explicit form in particular cases. The possible consequence is the statement that the baryon charge of our universe would be zero in the absence of baryon-number violating interactions.