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1. Detailed Report on the Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author

Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Donati, S., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Sakurai, M., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present details on a new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu = (g_\mu -2)/2$. The result is based on positive muon data taken at Fermilab's Muon Campus during the 2019 and 2020 accelerator runs. The measurement uses $3.1$ GeV$/c$ polarized muons stored in a $7.1$-m-radius storage ring with a $1.45$ T uniform magnetic field. The value of $ a_{\mu}$ is determined from the measured difference between the muon spin precession frequency and its cyclotron frequency. This difference is normalized to the strength of the magnetic field, measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The ratio is then corrected for small contributions from beam motion, beam dispersion, and transient magnetic fields. We measure $a_\mu = 116 592 057 (25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). This is the world's most precise measurement of this quantity and represents a factor of $2.2$ improvement over our previous result based on the 2018 dataset. In combination, the two datasets yield $a_\mu(\text{FNAL}) = 116 592 055 (24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). Combining this with the measurements from Brookhaven National Laboratory for both positive and negative muons, the new world average is $a_\mu$(exp) $ = 116 592 059 (22) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures; 4 pages of Supplement Material; version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2024

2. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

Author

Aguillard, D. P., Albahri, T., Allspach, D., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Bailey, L., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Braun, S., Bressler, M., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chen, C., Cheng, M., Chislett, R., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Claessens, C., Convery, M. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Sciascio, G., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Edmonds, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Gaines, I., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Goodenough, L., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hess, E., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D. S., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lu, Z., Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Mitra, B., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Ng, J. K., Nguyen, H., Oksuzian, Y., Omarov, Z., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Qureshi, M. U. H., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Reimann, R., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Sorbara, M., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stöckinger, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wu, Y., Yu, B., Yucel, M., Zeng, Y., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu - 2)/2$, from the Fermilab Muon $g\!-\!2$ Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, $\omega_a$. From the ratio $\omega_a / \tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine $a_\mu = 116\,592\,057(25) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain $a_\mu\text{(FNAL)} = 116\,592\,055(24) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is $a_\mu (\text{Exp}) = 116\,592\,059(22)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023
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3. Measurement of the anomalous precession frequency of the muon in the Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) has measured the muon anomalous precession frequency $\omega_a$ to an uncertainty of 434 parts per billion (ppb), statistical, and 56 ppb, systematic, with data collected in four storage ring configurations during its first physics run in 2018. When combined with a precision measurement of the magnetic field of the experiment's muon storage ring, the precession frequency measurement determines a muon magnetic anomaly of $a_{\mu}({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54) \times 10^{-11}$ (0.46 ppm). This article describes the multiple techniques employed in the reconstruction, analysis and fitting of the data to measure the precession frequency. It also presents the averaging of the results from the eleven separate determinations of \omega_a, and the systematic uncertainties on the result., Comment: 29 pages, 19 figures. Published in Physical Review D

Published
2021
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4. Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Conway, A., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Froemming, N. S., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shemyakin, D., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has measured the anomalous precession frequency $a^{}_\mu = (g^{}_\mu-2)/2$ of the muon to a combined precision of 0.46 parts per million with data collected during its first physics run in 2018. This paper documents the measurement of the magnetic field in the muon storage ring. The magnetic field is monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance systems and calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^\circ$C. The measured field is weighted by the muon distribution resulting in $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$, the denominator in the ratio $\omega^{}_a$/$\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ that together with known fundamental constants yields $a^{}_\mu$. The reported uncertainty on $\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p$ for the Run-1 data set is 114 ppb consisting of uncertainty contributions from frequency extraction, calibration, mapping, tracking, and averaging of 56 ppb, and contributions from fast transient fields of 99 ppb., Comment: Added one citation and corrected missing normalization in Eqs (35) and (36)

Published
2021
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5. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

Author

Abi, B., Albahri, T., Al-Kilani, S., Allspach, D., Alonzi, L. P., Anastasi, A., Anisenkov, A., Azfar, F., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Barzi, E., Basti, A., Bedeschi, F., Behnke, A., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bjorkquist, R., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Boyden, D., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Carroll, J., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Ceravolo, S., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Chappa, S., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Convery, M. E., Conway, A., Corradi, G., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., De Lurgio, P. M., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Drendel, B., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Eggert, N., Epps, A., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Foster, S. B., Friedsam, H., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Fu, C., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., Gastler, D. E., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Hahn, D., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hazen, E., Hempstead, J., Henry, S., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, S. C., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kourbanis, I., Kraegeloh, E., Krylov, V. A., Kuchibhotla, A., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Leo, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Luo, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Maxfield, S., McEvoy, M., Merritt, W., Mikhailichenko, A. A., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morgan, J. P., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Motuk, E., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Oberling, M., Osofsky, R., Ostiguy, J. -F., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Popovic, M., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Rider, N. T., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schellman, H., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shatunov, Y. M., Shemyakin, D., Shenk, M., Sim, D., Smith, M. W., Smith, A., Soha, A. K., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Still, D., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Strohman, C., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Volnykh, V. P., Walton, T., Warren, M., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Whitley, M., Winter, P., Wolski, A., Wormald, M., Wu, W., and Yoshikawa, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations, Comment: 10 pages; 4 figures

Published
2021
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6. Beam dynamics corrections to the Run-1 measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment at Fermilab

Author

Albahri, T., Anastasi, A., Badgley, K., Baeßler, S., Bailey, I., Baranov, V. A., Barlas-Yucel, E., Barrett, T., Bedeschi, F., Berz, M., Bhattacharya, M., Binney, H. P., Bloom, P., Bono, J., Bottalico, E., Bowcock, T., Cantatore, G., Carey, R. M., Casey, B. C. K., Cauz, D., Chakraborty, R., Chang, S. P., Chapelain, A., Charity, S., Chislett, R., Choi, J., Chu, Z., Chupp, T. E., Corrodi, S., Cotrozzi, L., Crnkovic, J. D., Dabagov, S., Debevec, P. T., Di Falco, S., Di Meo, P., Di Sciascio, G., Di Stefano, R., Driutti, A., Duginov, V. N., Eads, M., Esquivel, J., Farooq, M., Fatemi, R., Ferrari, C., Fertl, M., Fiedler, A., Fienberg, A. T., Fioretti, A., Flay, D., Frlež, E., Froemming, N. S., Fry, J., Gabbanini, C., Galati, M. D., Ganguly, S., Garcia, A., George, J., Gibbons, L. K., Gioiosa, A., Giovanetti, K. L., Girotti, P., Gohn, W., Gorringe, T., Grange, J., Grant, S., Gray, F., Haciomeroglu, S., Halewood-Leagas, T., Hampai, D., Han, F., Hempstead, J., Herrod, A. T., Hertzog, D. W., Hesketh, G., Hibbert, A., Hodge, Z., Holzbauer, J. L., Hong, K. W., Hong, R., Iacovacci, M., Incagli, M., Kammel, P., Kargiantoulakis, M., Karuza, M., Kaspar, J., Kawall, D., Kelton, L., Keshavarzi, A., Kessler, D., Khaw, K. S., Khechadoorian, Z., Khomutov, N. V., Kiburg, B., Kiburg, M., Kim, O., Kim, Y. I., King, B., Kinnaird, N., Korostelev, M., Kraegeloh, E., Kuchinskiy, N. A., Labe, K. R., LaBounty, J., Lancaster, M., Lee, M. J., Lee, S., Li, B., Li, D., Li, L., Logashenko, I., Campos, A. Lorente, Lucà, A., Lukicov, G., Lusiani, A., Lyon, A. L., MacCoy, B., Madrak, R., Makino, K., Marignetti, F., Mastroianni, S., Miller, J. P., Miozzi, S., Morse, W. M., Mott, J., Nath, A., Newton, D., Nguyen, H., Osofsky, R., Park, S., Pauletta, G., Piacentino, G. M., Pilato, R. N., Pitts, K. T., Plaster, B., Počanić, D., Pohlman, N., Polly, C. C., Price, J., Quinn, B., Raha, N., Ramachandran, S., Ramberg, E., Ritchie, J. L., Roberts, B. L., Rubin, D. L., Santi, L., Sathyan, D., Schlesier, C., Schreckenberger, A., Semertzidis, Y. K., Smith, M. W., Sorbara, M., Stöckinger, D., Stapleton, J., Stoughton, C., Stratakis, D., Stuttard, T., Swanson, H. E., Sweetmore, G., Sweigart, D. A., Syphers, M. J., Tarazona, D. A., Teubner, T., Tewsley-Booth, A. E., Thomson, K., Tishchenko, V., Tran, N. H., Turner, W., Valetov, E., Vasilkova, D., Venanzoni, G., Walton, T., Weisskopf, A., Welty-Rieger, L., Winter, P., Wolski, A., and Wu, W.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 data set of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency $\omega_a^m$ are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to $\omega_a^m$ is 0.50 $\pm$ 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of $\omega_a^m$., Comment: 35 pages, 29 figures. Accepted by Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

Published
2021
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7. Simulation of the transit-time optical stochastic cooling process in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

Author

Wang, S. T., Andorf, M. B., Bazarov, I. V., Bergan, W. F., Khachatryan, V., Maxson, J. M., and Rubin, D. L.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

In preparation for a demonstration of optical stochastic cooling in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) we have developed a particle tracking simulation to study the relevant beam dynamics. Optical radiation emitted in the pickup undulator gives a momentum kick to that same particle in the kicker undulator. The optics of the electron bypass from pickup to kicker couples betatron amplitude and momentum offset to path length so that the momentum kick reduces emittance and momentum spread. Nearby electrons contribute an incoherent noise. Layout of the bypass line is presented that accommodates optics with a range of transverse and longitudinal cooling parameters. The simulation is used to determine cooling rates and their dependence on bunch and lattice parameters for bypass optics with distinct emittance and momentum acceptance.

Published
2021
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8. Optical Stochastic Cooling with an Arc-Bypass in CESR

Author

Andorf, M. B., Bergan, W. F., Bazarov, I. V., Maxson, J. M., Khachatryan, V., Rubin, D. L., and Wang, S. T.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A proposed experiment to demonstrate Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) based on an arc-bypass design is presented. This arc-bypass provides significantly longer optical delay than the dog-leg style chicane, opening up the possibility of a multi-pass or staged optical amplifier that can achieve the gains required for effective cooling of hadron or heavy-ions. Beyond introducing the arc-bypass, in this paper we study the stability requirements for the dipoles comprising it and investigate the use of an optical feedback system to relax the dipole and light-path stability tolerances.

Published
2020
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9. A limit on the anisotropy of the one-way maximum attainable speed of the electron

Author

Bergan, W., Forster, M. J., Khachatryan, V., Rider, N., Rubin, D. L., Vlahovic, B., and Wojtsekhowski, B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report here the first experimental result for the anisotropy of the one-way maximum attainable speed of the electron, $\vec{\Delta c_{1,e}}$, obtained via the study of a sidereal time dependence of a difference between the electron and positron beam momenta in the CESR storage ring at Cornell University. At 95 percent confidence, an upper limit for the component of $\Delta \vec {c}_{1,e}/c$ perpendicular to Earth's rotational axis is found to be $5.5 \times 10^{-15}$., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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10. Accelerator Design for the CHESS-U Upgrade

Author

Shanks, J., Barley, J., Barrett, S., Billing, M., Codner, G., Li, Y., Liu, X., Lyndaker, A., Rice, D., Rider, N., Rubin, D. L., Temnykh, A., and Wang, S. T.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

During the summer and fall of 2018 the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) is undergoing an upgrade to increase high-energy flux for x-ray users. The upgrade requires replacing one-sixth of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), inverting the polarity of half of the CHESS beam lines, and switching to single-beam on-axis operation. The new sextant is comprised of six double-bend achromats (DBAs) with combined-function dipole-quadrupoles. Although the DBA design is widely utilized and well understood, the constraints for the CESR modifications make the CHESS-U lattice unique. This paper describes the design objectives, constraints, and implementation for the CESR accelerator upgrade for CHESS-U.

Published
2018
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11. Operation of the CESR-TA vertical beam size monitor at $E_{\rm b}$=4 GeV

Author

Alexander, J. P., Conolly, C., Edwards, E., Flanagan, J. W., Fontes, E., Heltsley, B. K., Lyndaker, A., Peterson, D. P., Rider, N. T., Rubin, D. L., Seeley, R., and Shanks, J.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We describe operation of the CESR-TA vertical beam size monitor (xBSM) with $e^\pm$ beams with $E_{\rm b}$=4 GeV. The xBSM measures vertical beam size by imaging synchrotron radiation x-rays through an optical element onto a detector array of 32 InGaAs photodiodes with 50 $\mu$m pitch. The device has previously been successfully used to measure vertical beam sizes of 10-100 $\mu$m on a bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn basis at $e^\pm$ beam energies of $\sim$2 GeV and source magnetic fields below 2.8 kG, for which the detector required calibration for incident x-rays of 1-5 keV. At $E_{\rm b}=4.0$ GeV and $B$=4.5 kG, however, the incident synchrotron radiation spectrum extends to $\sim$20 keV, requiring calibration of detector response in that regime. Such a calibration is described and then used to analyze data taken with several different thicknesses of filters in front of the detector. We obtain a relative precision of better than 4% on beam size measurement from 15-100 $\mu$m over several different ranges of x-ray energy, including both 1-12 keV and 6-17 keV. The response of an identical detector, but tilted vertically by 60$^\circ$ in order to increase magnfication without a longer beamline, is measured and shown to improve x-ray detection above 4 keV without compromising sensitivity to beam size. We also investigate operation of a coded aperture using gold masking backed by synthetic diamond., Comment: 9 pages, 23 figures, 2 tables, published by Nucl. Instr. Meth. A

Published
2015
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12. Design and performance of coded aperture optical elements for the CESR-TA x-ray beam size monitor

Author

Alexander, J. P., Chatterjee, A., Conolly, C., Edwards, E., Ehrlichman, M. P., Flanagan, J. W., Fontes, E., Heltsley, B. K., Lyndaker, A., Peterson, D. P., Rider, N. T., Rubin, D. L., Seeley, R., and Shanks, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We describe the design and performance of optical elements for an x-ray beam size monitor (xBSM), a device measuring $e^+$ and $e^-$ beam sizes in the CESR-TA storage ring. The device can measure vertical beam sizes of $10-100~\mu$m on a turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch basis at $e^\pm$ beam energies of $\sim2-5~$GeV. X-rays produced by a hard-bend magnet pass through a single- or multiple-slit (coded aperture) optical element onto a detector. The coded aperture slit pattern and thickness of masking material forming that pattern can both be tuned for optimal resolving power. We describe several such optical elements and show how well predictions of simple models track measured performances., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. A

Published
2014
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13. Visible-light beam size monitors using synchrotron radiation at CESR

Author

Wang, S. T., Rubin, D. L., Conway, J., Palmer, M., Hartill, D., Campbell, R., and Holtzapple, R.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A beam profile monitor utilizing visible synchrotron radiation (SR) from a bending magnet has been designed and installed in Cornell Electron-Positron Storage Ring (CESR). The monitor employs a double-slit interferometer to measure both the horizontal and vertical beam sizes over a wide range of beam currents. By varying the separation of the slits, beam sizes ranging from 50 to 500 um can be measured with a resolution of approximately 5 um. To measure larger beam size (> 500 um), direct imaging can be employed by rotating the double slits away from SR beam path. By imaging the pi-polarized component of SR, a small vertical beam size (~70 um) was measured during an undulator test run in CESR, which was consistent with the interferometer measurement. To measure the bunch length, a beam splitter is inserted to direct a fraction of light into a streak camera setup. This beam size monitor measures the transverse and longitudinal beam sizes simultaneously, which is successfully used for intrabeam scattering studies. Detailed error analysis is discussed., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures

Published
2014
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15. Vertical beam size measurement in the CESR-TA $e^+e^-$ storage ring using x-rays from synchrotron radiation

Author

Alexander, J. P., Chatterjee, A., Conolly, C., Edwards, E., Ehrlichman, M. P., Fontes, E., Heltsley, B. K., Hopkins, W., Lyndaker, A., Peterson, D. P., Rider, N. T., Rubin, D. L., Savino, J., Seeley, R., Shanks, J., and Flanagan, J. W.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We describe the construction and operation of an x-ray beam size monitor (xBSM), a device measuring $e^+$ and $e^-$ beam sizes in the CESR-TA storage ring using synchrotron radiation. The device can measure vertical beam sizes of $10-100~\mu$m on a turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch basis at $e^\pm$ beam energies of $\sim2~$GeV. At such beam energies the xBSM images x-rays of $\epsilon\approx$1-10$~$keV ($\lambda\approx 0.1-1$ nm) that emerge from a hard-bend magnet through a single- or multiple-slit (coded aperture) optical element onto an array of 32 InGaAs photodiodes with 50$~\mu$m pitch. Beamlines and detectors are entirely in-vacuum, enabling single-shot beam size measurement down to below 0.1$~$mA ($2.5\times10^9$ particles) per bunch and inter-bunch spacing of as little as 4$~$ns. At $E_{\rm b}=2.1 $GeV, systematic precision of $\sim 1~\mu$m is achieved for a beam size of $\sim12~\mu$m; this is expected to scale as $\propto 1/\sigma_{\rm b}$ and $\propto 1/E_{\rm b}$. Achieving this precision requires comprehensive alignment and calibration of the detector, optical elements, and x-ray beam. Data from the xBSM have been used to extract characteristics of beam oscillations on long and short timescales, and to make detailed studies of low-emittance tuning, intra-beam scattering, electron cloud effects, and multi-bunch instabilities., Comment: 35 pages, 62 figures, version published by Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research A (2014)

Published
2013
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16. Intergroup Contact Exercises as a Tool for Mitigating Undergraduates' Attitudes toward Nonnative English-Speaking Teaching Assistants

Author

Kang, O. and Rubin, D. L.

Abstract

International instructors in U.S. institutions of higher education boost the academic quality of education available to U.S. undergraduate students. Many university students, however, regard nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants (NNESTAs) as problematic. Innovative programs for enhancing undergraduates' capacity to understand NNESTAs' speech are warranted. In this report, we describe a simple, structured approach that systematically applies principles of the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) to interaction between NNESTAs and U.S. undergraduates. U.S. undergraduates solved mystery puzzles with NNESTAs in a verbally rich situation. Following these encounters, the undergraduates judged NNESTAs to be more comprehensible and instructionally competent. Future applications of this intervention might incorporate similar contact exercises in institutionally sanctioned programs.

Published
2012

30. Investigation into electron cloud effects in the International Linear Collider positron damping ring

Author

Crittenden, J. A., primary, Conway, J., additional, Dugan, G. F., additional, Palmer, M. A., additional, Rubin, D. L., additional, Shanks, J., additional, Sonnad, K. G., additional, Boon, L., additional, Harkay, K., additional, Ishibashi, T., additional, Furman, M. A., additional, Guiducci, S., additional, Pivi, M. T. F., additional, and Wang, L., additional

Published
2014
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34. CESR Lattice Design

Author

Rubin, D L and Sagan, D

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Published
2001

45. Formative Evaluation of Ontology Learning Methods for Entity Discovery by Using Existing Ontologies as Reference Standards.

Author

K. Liu, Mitchell, K. J., Chapman, W. W., Savova, G. K., Sioutos, N., Rubin, D. L., and Crowley, R. S.

Subjects
FORMATIVE evaluation, ONTOLOGY, STOCHASTIC learning models, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations, BIOMEDICAL engineering, COMPUTER algorithms, KEY performance indicators (Management)
Abstract

Objective: Developing a two-step method for formative evaluation of statistical Ontology Learning (OL) algorithms that leverages existing biomedical ontologies as reference standards. Methods: In the first step optimum parameters are established. A 'gap list' of entities is generated by finding the set of entities present in a later version of the ontology that are not present in an earlier version of the ontology. A named entity recognition system is used to identify entities in a corpus of biomedical documents that are present in the 'gap list', generating a reference standard. The output of the algorithm (new entity candidates), produced by statistical methods, is subsequently compared against this reference standard. An OL method that performs perfectly will be able to learn all of the terms in this reference stand ard. Using evaluation metrics and precisionrecall curves for different thresholds and parameters, we compute the optimum parameters for each method. In the second step, human judges with exper tise in ontology development evaluate each candidate suggested by the algorithm con figured with the optimum parameters previously established. These judgments are used to compute two performance metrics developed from our previous work:Entity Suggestion Rate (ESR) and Entity Acceptance Rate (EAR). Results: Using this method, we evaluated two statistical OL methods for OL in two medical domains. For the pathology domain, we obtained 49% ESR, 28% EAR with the Lin method and 52% ESR, 39% EAR with the Church method. For the radiology domain, we obtain 87% ESA, 9% EAR using Lin method and 96% ESR, 16% EAR using Church method. Conclusion: This method is sufficiently general and flexible enough to permit comparison of any OL method for a specific corpus and ontology of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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46. Formative evaluation of ontology learning methods for entity discovery by using existing ontologies as reference standards.

Author

Liu, K, Mitchell, K J, Chapman, W W, Savova, G K, Sioutos, N, Rubin, D L, and Crowley, R S

Abstract

Objective: Developing a two-step method for formative evaluation of statistical Ontology Learning (OL) algorithms that leverages existing biomedical ontologies as reference standards.Methods: In the first step optimum parameters are established. A 'gap list' of entities is generated by finding the set of entities present in a later version of the ontology that are not present in an earlier version of the ontology. A named entity recognition system is used to identify entities in a corpus of biomedical documents that are present in the 'gap list', generating a reference standard. The output of the algorithm (new entity candidates), produced by statistical methods, is subsequently compared against this reference standard. An OL method that performs perfectly will be able to learn all of the terms in this reference standard. Using evaluation metrics and precision-recall curves for different thresholds and parameters, we compute the optimum parameters for each method. In the second step, human judges with expertise in ontology development evaluate each candidate suggested by the algorithm configured with the optimum parameters previously established. These judgments are used to compute two performance metrics developed from our previous work: Entity Suggestion Rate (ESR) and Entity Acceptance Rate (EAR).Results: Using this method, we evaluated two statistical OL methods for OL in two medical domains. For the pathology domain, we obtained 49% ESR, 28% EAR with the Lin method and 52% ESR, 39% EAR with the Church method. For the radiology domain, we obtain 87% ESA, 9% EAR using Lin method and 96% ESR, 16% EAR using Church method.Conclusion: This method is sufficiently general and flexible enough to permit comparison of any OL method for a specific corpus and ontology of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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