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4. The neural circuitry of affect-induced distortions of trust

Author

Engelmann, Jan B, Meyer, Friederike, Ruff, Christian C, and Fehr, Ernst

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Mental health, Neurological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Connectome, Decision Making, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Investments, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Parietal Lobe, Shock, Stress, Psychological, Temporal Lobe, Trust
Abstract

Aversive affect is likely a key source of irrational human decision-making, but still, little is known about the neural circuitry underlying emotion-cognition interactions during social behavior. We induced incidental aversive affect via prolonged periods of threat of shock, while 41 healthy participants made investment decisions concerning another person or a lottery. Negative affect reduced trust, suppressed trust-specific activity in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and reduced functional connectivity between the TPJ and emotion-related regions such as the amygdala. The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) seems to play a key role in mediating the impact of affect on behavior: Functional connectivity of this brain area with left TPJ was associated with trust in the absence of negative affect, but aversive affect disrupted this association between TPJ-pSTS connectivity and behavioral trust. Our findings may be useful for a better understanding of the neural circuitry of affective distortions in healthy and pathological populations.

Published
2019

5. A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): a consensus study and statement

Author

Ekhtiari, Hamed, Ghobadi-Azbari, Peyman, Thielscher, Axel, Antal, Andrea, Li, Lucia M., Shereen, A. Duke, Cabral-Calderin, Yuranny, Keeser, Daniel, Bergmann, Til Ole, Jamil, Asif, Violante, Ines R., Almeida, Jorge, Meinzer, Marcus, Siebner, Hartwig R., Woods, Adam J., Stagg, Charlotte J., Abend, Rany, Antonenko, Daria, Auer, Tibor, Bächinger, Marc, Baeken, Chris, Barron, Helen C., Chase, Henry W., Crinion, Jenny, Datta, Abhishek, Davis, Matthew H., Ebrahimi, Mohsen, Esmaeilpour, Zeinab, Falcone, Brian, Fiori, Valentina, Ghodratitoostani, Iman, Gilam, Gadi, Grabner, Roland H., Greenspan, Joel D., Groen, Georg, Hartwigsen, Gesa, Hauser, Tobias U., Herrmann, Christoph S., Juan, Chi-Hung, Krekelberg, Bart, Lefebvre, Stephanie, Liew, Sook-Lei, Madsen, Kristoffer H., Mahdavifar-Khayati, Rasoul, Malmir, Nastaran, Marangolo, Paola, Martin, Andrew K., Meeker, Timothy J., Ardabili, Hossein Mohaddes, Moisa, Marius, Momi, Davide, Mulyana, Beni, Opitz, Alexander, Orlov, Natasza, Ragert, Patrick, Ruff, Christian C., Ruffini, Giulio, Ruttorf, Michaela, Sangchooli, Arshiya, Schellhorn, Klaus, Schlaug, Gottfried, Sehm, Bernhard, Soleimani, Ghazaleh, Tavakoli, Hosna, Thompson, Benjamin, Timmann, Dagmar, Tsuchiyagaito, Aki, Ulrich, Martin, Vosskuhl, Johannes, Weinrich, Christiane A., Zare-Bidoky, Mehran, Zhang, Xiaochu, Zoefel, Benedikt, Nitsche, Michael A., and Bikson, Marom

Published
2022
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7. Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Author

Forbes, Paul AG, primary, Aydogan, Gökhan, additional, Braunstein, Julia, additional, Todorova, Boryana, additional, Wagner, Isabella C, additional, Lockwood, Patricia L, additional, Apps, Matthew AJ, additional, Ruff, Christian C, additional, and Lamm, Claus, additional

Published
2024
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10. Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Author

Forbes, Paul A. G., primary, Aydogan, Gökhan, additional, Braunstein, Julia, additional, Todorova, Boryana, additional, Wagner, Isabella C., additional, Lockwood, Patricia L., additional, Apps, Matthew A. J., additional, Ruff, Christian C., additional, and Lamm, Claus, additional

Published
2023
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16. Anticipatory Anxiety Disrupts Neural Valuation during Risky Choice

Author

Engelmann, Jan B, Meyer, Friederike, Fehr, Ernst, and Ruff, Christian C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Mental health, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Brain, Brain Mapping, Decision Making, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Oxygen, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Regression Analysis, Reinforcement, Psychology, Risk-Taking, Young Adult, decision making, emotion, fMRI, neuroeconomics, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Incidental negative emotions unrelated to the current task, such as background anxiety, can strongly influence decisions. This is most evident in psychiatric disorders associated with generalized emotional disturbances. However, the neural mechanisms by which incidental emotions may affect choices remain poorly understood. Here we study the effects of incidental anxiety on human risky decision making, focusing on both behavioral preferences and their underlying neural processes. Although observable choices remained stable across affective contexts with high and low incidental anxiety, we found a clear change in neural valuation signals: during high incidental anxiety, activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum showed a marked reduction in (1) neural coding of the expected subjective value (ESV) of risky options, (2) prediction of observed choices, (3) functional coupling with other areas of the valuation system, and (4) baseline activity. At the same time, activity in the anterior insula showed an increase in coding the negative ESV of risky lotteries, and this neural activity predicted whether the risky lotteries would be rejected. This pattern of results suggests that incidental anxiety can shift the focus of neural valuation from possible positive consequences to anticipated negative consequences of choice options. Moreover, our findings show that these changes in neural value coding can occur in the absence of changes in overt behavior. This suggest a possible pathway by which background anxiety may lead to the development of chronic reward desensitization and a maladaptive focus on negative cognitions, as prevalent in affective and anxiety disorders.

Published
2015

36. Unlocking the secrets of self-awareness

Author

Ruff, Christian C, University of Zurich, and Ruff, Christian C

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, 10007 Department of Economics, 330 Economics
Published
2021

45. Neurocomputational evidence that conflicting prosocial motives guide distributive justice.

Author

Yue Li, Jie Hu, Ruff, Christian C., and Xiaolin Zhou

Subjects
DISTRIBUTIVE justice, AVERSION, PSYCHOLOGICAL research, SOCIAL skills, INDIVIDUAL differences
Abstract

In the history of humanity, most conflicts within and between societies have originated from perceived inequality in resource distribution. How humans achieve and maintain distributive justice has therefore been an intensely studied issue. However, most research on the corresponding psychological processes has focused on inequality aversion and has been largely agnostic of other motives that may either align or oppose this behavioral tendency. Here we provide behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging evidence that distribution decisions are guided by three distinct motives--inequality aversion, harm aversion, and rank reversal aversion--that interact with each other and can also deter individuals from pursuing equality. At the neural level, we show that these three motives are encoded by separate neural systems, compete for representation in various brain areas processing equality and harm signals, and are integrated in the striatum, which functions as a crucial hub for translating the motives to behavior. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the cognitive and biological processes by which multiple prosocial motives are coordinated in the brain to guide redistribution behaviors. This framework enhances our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying equality-related behavior, suggests possible neural origins of individual differences in social preferences, and provides a new pathway to understand the cognitive and neural basis of clinical disorders with impaired social functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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