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研究了当电容器内的电介质表面带电荷时电容器的电容和储能，得到二者在形式上与传统电容器完全相同，但所带电量需根据介质表面所带电量进行修正。利用电容理论研究了接触分离式摩擦纳米发电机（triboelectric nanogenerator，TENG）的输出性能，经理论推导和数值计算，得到了接触分离式TENG的电量、电压与输出电流。最后根据理论计算结果详细讨论了TENG的电荷转移过程。研究不仅推广了电容相关理论，而且完善了对TENG工作原理的描述。

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has great potential in harvesting low‐frequency environmental mechanical energy, but the unavoidable friction between tribo‐layers limits the frequency range and efficiency of energy harvesting. Herein, a lower friction and high‐performance triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TE‐HNG) is proposed to harvest broadband rotation energy. The compact sleeve multi‐unit TENG and electromagnetic generator are integrated to achieve respective complementary in electrical output and energy harvesting frequencies. The charge‐supplement type TENG with a single arched fluorinated ethylene propylene film design can not only supplement the charge dissipation of the Nylon surface in time but also ensure the stable output of TENG. The influences of the rotation speed on the electrical output and optimal load of TENG are systematically studied. As a self‐powered active wind speed sensor, the TE‐HNG device can detect the wind speed as low as 1 m s−1, which indicates that the TE‐HNG can harvest broadband wind energy (≈1 m s−1). Triggered by the wind, the TE‐HNG device can not only power the temperature/humidity sensor to work steadily and continuously but also realize the full‐automatic and self‐powered operation of the environmental meteorological monitoring system by combining the energy management and wireless transmission module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]