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In this paper, stepped slot-type grooves are utilized to develop coplanar waveguide (CPW) spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission lines (TLs). The equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the effect of the stepped slot-type grooves. And it is found that all the three proposed SSPP TLs exhibit lower asymptotic frequency and more compact size than conventional SSPP TLs based on uniform grooves. Moreover, the dispersion features can be controlled flexibly by changing the impedance ratio of the stepped slot-type grooves. And among the three proposed SSPP TLs (Type A, Type B, and Type C), Type C SSPP TL has the most compact size. Consequently, based on Type C SSPP TL, an ultra-compact plasmonic low-pass filter (LPF) is designed to validate the design theory. Good agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results for which reflection coefficient is lower than − 10 dB in passband from 0 to 1.73 GHz and good shape factor of 1.09 for the transition from the passband to the stopband. Besides, the proposed plasmonic low-pass filter occupies very compact size, indicating that the proposed plasmonic filter can find potential applications in compact plasmonic system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoCrCuFeMnNix (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mol, named Ni0.5, Ni1.0, Ni1.5, and Ni2.0, respectively) high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of Ni content on its microstructure and corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The HEAs with low Ni content consisted of FCC1 primary phase, FCC2 secondary phase, and a few σ phases. While the Ni2.0 alloy was composed of the FCC phase and a small amount of σ phase. The results of polarization corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution show that the increase of Ni content led to the increase of corrosion potential of the alloy and the decrease of corrosion current density and average corrosion rate. Among them, Ni2.0 alloy had the best corrosion resistance. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the increase in Ni content promoted the increase of the polarization resistance of the alloy RCPE and the thickness of the passive film, thus improving the corrosion resistance of the alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lotus seed epicarp, which are common lotus wastes produced in the food processing industry, are often directly discarded or underutilized, resulting in the obvious waste of lotus resources. Studies on the components and properties of the lotus seed epicarp are very scarce. In this work, the lotus seed skins were provided by Guangchang County White Lotus Institute of Science in Fuzhou City of Jiangxi Province, China, and certified by Prof. Gang Xu at Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, China. [Extracted from the article]

Background: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and clinical findings of the vacuum phenomenon (VP) in closed pelvic fractures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 352 patients with closed pelvic fractures who presented to our institution from January 2017 to December 2020. Pelvic fractures were diagnosed by plain radiography and computed tomography (CT). The default "bone window" was used for inspection in the cross section. Electronic medical records were consulted by two orthopedic physicians to obtain patient information. The VP of pelvic fracture, fracture classification, injury mechanism, and image data were evaluated, and the demographic parameter data were statistically analyzed. The follow-up time was 12–18 months. Results: Among them, 169 were males and 183 were females with ages ranging from 3 to 100 years, with an average of 49.6 ± 19.3 years. VP in pelvic fractures was detected by CT in 109 (31%) of the 352 patients with pelvic fractures. Patients were divided into the high-energy trauma group (278 cases) and fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) group (74 cases) according to the injury mechanism. In the high-energy trauma group, 227 cases were treated surgically and 201 cases had bony healing. The healing time was 9.8 ± 5.3 weeks. In the FFP group, 54 cases were treated surgically and 49 cases had bone healing. The healing time was 9.3 ± 3.8 weeks. Fractures progressed in nine patients. VP was mostly located in the sacroiliac joint in our study. Conclusions: The incidence of VP in pelvic fractures is statistically high and is affected by many factors, such as examination technique, joint position, population composition, etc. Therefore, the VP is not a reliable sign of pelvic injury. Clinically, we need to determine the nature of VP in conjunction with gas patterns, laboratory tests, history, and physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeschynanthus smaragdinus F.Wen & J.Q.Qin, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the monsoon rain forest in Mangbang township, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles A. chiritoides C.B.Clarke in size, shape and hairs on the leaf blades. But it can easily be distinguished from the latter by the green corolla limb with brownish-red to maroon lower lobes. At the same time, the hairs of the pedicel and calyx lobes, the length of the staminode and the size of the seed grain can also help distinguish both. It is provisionally assessed as Data Deficient (DD), according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, because field surveys for this new taxon have not been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are widely used to detect toxic and inflammable gases in industrial production and daily life. The main research hotspot in this field is the synthesis of gas sensing materials. Previous studies have shown that incorporating two or more metal oxides to form a heterojunction interface can exhibit superior gas sensing performance in response and selectivity compared with single phase. This review focuses on mainly the synthesis methods and gas sensing mechanisms of metal oxide heterostructures. A significant number of heterostructures with different morphologies and shapes have been fabricated, which exhibit specific sensing performance toward a specific target gas. Among these synthesis methods, the hydrothermal method is noteworthy due to the fabrication of diverse structures, such as nanorod-like, nanoflower-like, and hollow sphere structures with enhanced sensing properties. In addition, it should be noted that the combination of different synthesis methods is also an efficient way to obtain metal oxide heterostructures with novel morphologies. Despite advanced methods in the metal oxide semiconductors and nanotechnology field, there are still some new issues which deserve further investigation, such as long-term chemical stability of sensing materials, reproducibility of the fabrication process, and selectivity toward homogeneous gases. Moreover, the gas sensing mechanism of metal oxide heterostructures is controversial. It should be clarified so as to further integrate laboratory theory research with practical exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primulina alba R.F.Li & B.Pan, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone area of Guangxi, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to P. cerina F.Wen, Yi Huang & Chou. It can be easily distinguished from the latter by several characteristics, such as the size of leaf blades, the indumentum, size of the corolla, the position of stamens, etc. The conservation status of P. alba can be considered Vulnerable [VU D1] according to the Guidelines for Using the IUCNRed List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated YIM B02556T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan Province, southwest China. By using a polyphasic approach, its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02556T belonged to the genus Azospirillum and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02556T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 94.9 to 98.3%. Overall genome relatedness index (OGRI) analysis estimated based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between YIM B02556T and other Azospirillum species type strains were <90.8% and <37.8%, lower than the limit of species circumscription. Cells of the strain were characterized as oxidase- and catalase-positive, with motility provided by flagella. The growth conditions of the strain were found to occur at 20–40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), and pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5). Strain YIM B02556T can tolerate 2% NaCl concentration. Strain YIM B02556T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The major fatty acids were C18:1ω7c and summed feature three (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain YIM B02556T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Azospirillum. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum endophyticum is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02556T (=JCM 34631T=CGMCC 1.18654T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microchirita minor (Gesneriaceae), a new species from the limestone area in Son La Province, north-western Vietnam, is described here. The new species resembles M. hamosa, but it differs by the combination of corolla tube shape, stamens number and the length of pistil. Detailed morphological description, together with photographic plates, information on phenology, distribution, ecology and preliminary conservation status of the new species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CrCuFeMnNiCox high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by vacuum hot‐press sintering. The microstructure and atmospheric oxidation behavior at 800°C were studied. The phase structure of the Co0 alloy comprised the Cr‐rich FCC1 major phase, Cu‐rich FCC2 secondary phase, and a small amount of intermetallic compound ρ phase when x = 0. The bulk alloys comprised FCC2 major and FCC1 secondary phases when x ≥ 0.5. The oxidation kinetics curves approximately followed the parabolic law. A high Co content leads to a large oxidation weight gain of the alloys. The oxidation weight gain of the Co0 alloy was the smallest at approximately 4.46 mg cm−2 after atmospheric oxidation for 50 h, while the oxidation weight gain of the Co2.0 alloy was the largest at approximately 5.94 mg cm−2. The Co0 alloys exhibited the best oxidation resistance. Therefore, Co is not beneficial to the improvement of the oxidation properties of the CrCuFeMnNiCox HEAs. The main oxidation products of the HEAs mainly comprised MO, M2O3, M3O4, and (M,Cr)3O4 type metal oxides. The main oxidation mechanism was selective oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al2O3 is a gangue component in iron ores, significantly influencing the formation and crystallization of calcium ferrite in the sintering process. But the mechanism of the Al2O3 effect on the crystallization of calcium ferrite is rarely reported. In this work, a crystallization device was designed to investigate the crystallization behavior of calcium ferrite in Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 melt under non-isothermal conditions. XRD, SEM-EDS, and optical microscopy were used to identify the crystalline phase and the microstructure of samples. The result shows that the crystal morphology of SFCA changed in the order of strip, column, and needle as the Al2O3 content increased. The crystallization sequence of samples containing Al2O3 was observed as Ca4Fe14O25 (C4F14) → Fe2O3 → Ca3.18Fe15.48Al1.34O36 (SFCA-I) → CaFe2O4 (CF) → Ca5Si2(Fe, Al)18O36 (SFCA) → γ-Ca2SiO4 (C2S). The generation pathway of SFCA-I was found to be C4F14 + Si4+ + Al3+ → SFCA-I. Increasing the cooling rate can promote the formation of C4F14, SFCA-I, Fe2O3 and the amorphous phase. However, it prevented the crystallization of CF and SFCA while inhibiting the transformation of β-C2S to γ-C2S. When the Al2O3 content reached or exceeded 2.5 mass pct, the viscosity of Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 melt increased sharply, resulting in the decrease in the crystal size of calcium ferrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the metric mean dimension in Feldman–Katok (FK for short) metric. We introduced the notions of FK-Bowen metric mean dimension and FK-Packing metric mean dimension on subsets. And we established two variational principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to explore the effects of herbal medicine on secondary metabolites of microorganisms during fermentation. Clonostachys rogersoniana was found to metabolize only small amounts of polyketide glycosides rogerson B and C on fresh potatoes, but after replacing the medium to the medicinal plant Rubus delavayi Franch., the type and content of the metabolized polyketones showed significant changes. The sugars and glycosides in R. delavayi are probably responsible for the changes in secondary metabolites. Six polyketide glycosides including a new metabolite, rogerson F, and two potential antitumor compounds, TMC-151C and TMC-151D, were isolated from the extract of R. delavayi fermented by C. rogersoniana. In addition, 13C labeling experiments were used to trace the biosynthesis process of these compounds. TMC-151C and TMC-151D showed significant cytotoxic activity against PANC-1, K562 and HCT116 cancer cells but had no obvious cytotoxic activity against BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cells. The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 g/kg and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg, respectively, after fermentation at 28 °C for 30 days. This is the first study to confirm that herbal medicine can induce microbes to metabolize active compounds. And the technology of fermenting medicinal materials can bring more economic value to medicinal plants. [Display omitted] • Secondary metabolites of microorganisms can be affected by herbal medicine. • TMC-151 s were enriched by fermentation of R. delavayi with C. rogersoniana. • The yields of TMC-151C and TMC-151D reached 14.37 ± 1.52 and 1.98 ± 0.43 g/kg. • Biosynthetic pathways of TMC-151 s were predicted by 13C labeling experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel core@double-shell magnetic microsphere Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @7MgO·2B 2 O 3 ·7 H 2 O (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH) for the efficient adsorption of congo red (CR) was successfully synthesized. Subsequently, a CR-functionalized sample (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH-CR) was prepared for methylene blue (MB) and Cu(II) removal from wastewater. Through techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, etc., the chemical composition, physical characteristics, and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic composite particles were identified. Many important factors, including pH, adsorption period, and elution characteristics, were evaluated and then adjusted accordingly. The highest concentration of adsorption for CR was approximately 332.53 mg g−1 under ideal conditions, indicating a higher adsorption capacity. Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH-CR exhibited significantly higher adsorption capacities compared to other known adsorbents, removing 408.51 mg g−1 for MB and 63.26 mg g−1 for Cu(II) through electrostatic attraction. Consequently, the Freundlich isotherm framework and the pseudo-second-order kinetic framework explained the adsorption kinetics and isotherm data, respectively. It is essential to remember that an external magnet facilitated the easy removal of adsorbents from a water-based solution. The potential adsorption mechanism was briefly explored, and our findings suggest that the new adsorbent Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH is a promising candidate for enhancing dye and Cu(II) adsorption capabilities from aqueous solutions. • Novel core@double-shell Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH and CR-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MBH-CR) were prepared. • Formation mechanism of nanocomposite was proposed. • It exhibited the highly excellent selective adsorption performance for methylene blue an Cu(II). • The maximum adsorption capacity is much higher than those of reported adsorbents. • It could be as promising candidates for removal of MB dye and Cu(II) pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AlCrMoZrTi/(AlCrMoZrTi)N multilayer high-entropy nitride ceramic films (HENCFs) fabricated by reactive RF magnetron sputtering presented (200) preferentially oriented FCC crystal structures. With the increase in the modulation period, the nitrogen content and surface roughness of the multilayer films gradually increased, the template effect between the nanocrystalline and amorphous forms was weakened, and the multilayer interface structure decreased. The S4 film with a modulation period of 1500 nm had the highest hardness and modulus (16.6 and 225.7 GPa, respectively) and the highest H/E* and H3/E*2 values. The results of friction experiments showed that the S1 film with the smallest modulation period had a stable friction coefficient and small wear rate on both Si and Cu substrates, and it exhibited the best friction and wear performance due to its low surface roughness, high toughness and compressive yield resistance, and dense multilayer structure. The friction mechanisms of the HECNFs on Si and Cu substrates were mainly adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and a small amount of oxidative wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the spin-generalized Bogoliubov–de Gennes theory, we investigate the topological defect configurations in a mesoscopic superconducting square with spin–orbit (SO) interaction. The mixed even-parity d-wave and extended s-wave components can be obtained by suitable choice of the chemical potential in such a system. We find that several novel types of topological defect states can be generated in the presence of Rashba SO coupling when the external magnetic flux turns on. Unclosed domain-wall states carrying even or odd number of one-component vortices as well as double-quanta skyrmionic patterns can appear for different Rashba SO-coupling strengths. The next-nearest-neighbor hopping effect on the evolution of topological structures is further examined. A skyrmionic chain feature with one-component vortex–antivortex pairs can show up in the present mixed-pairing system. Our investigation may provide useful information for future experiments and shed new light on device designing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analytically examines a seaport's capacity and adaptation investments when faced with disaster risk. A landlord port is studied, which is consisted of an upstream public port authority and a downstream terminal operator (public or private). Compared to public sectors (i.e., the public port authority and public terminal operator), the private terminal operator possesses more accurate disaster information that is obtained from its richer experience from global port operations and more resources/willingness to acquire such information. With the private terminal operator, the public port authority can be updated with more accurate disaster information. A two-stage game is solved, with the public port authority making capacity and adaptation investments at the first stage, and the terminal operator setting port charge/output to shippers at the second stage. Our analytical results suggest that the more accurate disaster information offered by the private terminal operation can help port authority rationalize its investments (both capacity and adaptation), benefiting the social welfare. But the private terminal operator is also intended to abuse the monopoly market power by raising service charge. Especially when the market size is high, such negative effect of market power abuse dominates and the benefits of more accurate disaster information, harming the social welfare and shipper surplus. The accurate disaster information of private terminal operator is more valuable when its revealed disaster risk is lower than public sector's perception. This would encourage port's capacity and adaptation investments to approach the socially optimal level. However, such more accurate information is less valuable if it suggests a high disaster risk, or when the adaptation investment cost is high. In this case, the public port authority is still reluctant to raise adaptation investment with such more accurate information. To summarize, when faced with disaster information asymmetry, the port authority should consider privatizing terminal operations either when the market size is small, or when the adaptation investment cost is low. • This paper analytically examines a seaport's capacity and adaptation investments when faced with disaster risk. • More accurate disaster information offered by the private terminal operation can help port authority rationalize its investments, benefiting the social welfare. • But the private terminal operator is also intended to abuse the monopoly market power by raising service charge. • When the market size is high, such market power abuse dominates and the benefits of more accurate disaster information, harming the social welfare. • The accurate disaster information of private terminal operator is more valuable when its revealed disaster risk is lower than public sector's perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soil takes time long, and is easily affected by heavy metal,its application in sudden heavy metal contaminated soil events stiil faces challenges. This study provides a resin-plant combined remediation method, resin can inhibit the migration of heavy metals in the soil for a short period of time,protect the initial growth of plants,and then the heavy metals can be slowly released and adsorbed by the remediation plant, ultimately heavy metal can be removed from the soil. It can be noted that after adding 0. 5% resin,the concentration of soluble Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the soil decreased by 50. 02% and 83. 41%,it also promoted the retention of soil moisture and the improvement of soil pore structure. When the resin was added for 15 d,the concentration of Cu and Zn in the roots of water spinach were only 39. 48% and 31. 53% of those without resin addition, and the growth of water spinach at this time was obviously better than no resin group. This study aims to provide a reference for the phytoremediation of soil pollution by heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill., a traditional Uighur medicine, led to the isolation of seven undescribed and nine known megastigmane glycosides. Their structures including absolute configurations were characterized by an extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including HRESIMS and NMR, combined with ECD calculations. Additionally, compounds 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 – 16 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF- α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with inhibitory rates of 10.79%–44.58% at 20 μM. Seven undescribed megastigmane glycosides along with nine known analogues were isolated from the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill. Several compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity. [Display omitted] • Sixteen megastigmane glycosides were isolated from Cydonia oblonga. • Seven previously undescribed megastigmane glycosides were included. • Several compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High sensitivity and low detection limit under visible light for glucose were obtained on CuO-TiO 2 NTs/Ti PEC photoelectrode due to the existence of CuO-TiO 2 heterojunction with 3D macroporous structure, 1D nanotubular structure of TiO 2 , and conductive substrate of titanium foil. Associated with chemometric tools, the accuracy of the sensor was further improved. [Display omitted] • 3D CuO-TiO 2 Heterojunction Nanotubes/Ti exhibit good PEC sensitivity for glucose. • PEC sensing mechanism of CuO-TiO 2 NTs/Ti for glucose was illuminated. • Combining with chemometric tools, sensitive and trustworthy PEC sensor was obtained. High sensitivity and low detection limit are important targets for biosensors. Using 3D hydrogen titanate nanotubes/Ti as precursor, CuO-TiO 2 heterojunction nanotubes/Ti (CuO-TiO 2 NTs/Ti) photoelectrode was prepared to fabricate photoelectrochemical (PEC) glucose sensor. The prominent Ti foil substrate, 3D mesoporous structure, and CuO-TiO 2 heterojunction of this PEC sensor can effectively improve the separation efficiency of charge carriers, facilitate electron transfer, and generate strong photoelectronic signals. Under visible light irradiation, the CuO-TiO 2 NTs/Ti electrode exhibited high sensitivity, low LOD, and good selectivity. Through density functional theory simulation, the enhanced electron-hole separation and improved PEC properties were illuminated in the CuO-TiO 2 heterojunction. Associated with chemometric tools, the accuracy of the sensitivity was significantly improved, which could enhance the practical application capability of PEC biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let (X, T) be a weakly mixing minimal system, p1, ..., pd be integer-valued generalized polynomials and (p1, p2, ..., pd) be non-degenerate. Then there exists a residual subset X0 of X such that for all x ∈ X0, { (T p 1 (n) x , ... , T p d (n) x) : n ∈ ℤ } is dense in Xd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • β -lonone, citral, γ -terpinene and myrcene inhibit the growth of A. alternata. • Biotransformation of monoterpenoids was achieved by fermentation of A. alternata. • These biotransformations were related to self-protective mechanism of A. alternata. • Combination of P450 enzyme inhibitor could enhance the activity of monoterpene. Alternaria alternata is a critical plant pathogen, and the black spot caused by this fungus is the main cause of crop loss. In this study, four monoterpenes commonly found in plant essential oils, β -lonone, citral, γ -terpinene and myrcene, were found to possess a two-way interaction relationship with A. alternata. Four monoterpenes exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against A. alternata with MIC values of 128, 256, 512 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. However, when the concentration of monoterpenes in the culture medium was reduced to 1/4 MIC, A. alternata could facilitate the biotransformation of the aforementioned four monoterpenes by hydroxylation, dihydroxylation or carboxylation. These biotransformations were verified to be promoted by the P450 enzyme. Considering that none of the converted products showed inhibitory activity against A. alternata , these transformations were hypothesized to be self-protective mechanism of A. alternata. Expectedly, the combined use of P450 enzyme inhibitors and monoterpenes exhibited stronger antifungal activities, and could significantly inhibited black spot development in tomatoes. This work provides a reference for the development of effective antifungal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) represent a useful model to study axon regeneration. Whereas regeneration and functional recovery occurs after peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury or dorsal root injury is not followed by regenerative outcomes. Regeneration of sensory axons in peripheral nerves is not entirely cell autonomous. Whether the DRG microenvironment influences the different regenerative capacities after injury to peripheral or central axons remains largely unknown. To answer this question, we performed a single-cell transcriptional profiling of mouse DRG in response to peripheral (sciatic nerve crush) and central axon injuries (dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury). Each cell type responded differently to the three types of injuries. All injuries increased the proportion of a cell type that shares features of both immune cells and glial cells. A distinct subset of satellite glial cells (SGC) appeared specifically in response to peripheral nerve injury. Activation of the PPARα signaling pathway in SGC, which promotes axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, failed to occur after central axon injuries. Treatment with the FDA-approved PPARα agonist fenofibrate increased axon regeneration after dorsal root injury. This study provides a map of the distinct DRG microenvironment responses to peripheral and central injuries at the single-cell level and highlights that manipulating non-neuronal cells could lead to avenues to promote functional recovery after CNS injuries or disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the sample data from 2005 to 2019, this paper calculates the poverty nature of contiguous destitute areas through FGT index and its decomposition and systematically analyzes the impact of economic growth, inequality, and population change on poverty change. From the decomposition results of poverty change, we can see that, first, economic growth, inequality, and population change have different impacts on poverty change in counties and rural areas, and inequality and population mobility have widened the gap between them; second, population factor has always played a key role in the change of poverty, and the deceleration of population growth has a more significant impact on poverty change; third, the impact of the mobility on the poverty change of the counties is different from that of the rural areas. Accordingly, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as promoting the organic connection between rural revitalization and poverty alleviation, speeding up rural governance, and promoting the process of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the microscopic Bogoliubov–de Gennes theory, we investigate the vortex and skyrmionic states as well as phase transitions between them in mesoscopic superconducting squares with coexisted spin-triplet (p-wave) and spin-singlet (s-wave and d-wave) pairing symmetries. By choosing different chemical potential μ , the influence of next-nearest-neighbor hopping t ′ on the evolution of mixed pairing orders is mainly discussed. For the case of small | μ | in which the triplet p x ± i p y -wave symmetry is dominant, the skyrmionic structures containing the vortex-antivortex pair become stable at appropriate external magnetic flux. The transitions between different coreless skyrmionic modes can take place with tuning t ′ . For further enlarged | μ | , the singlet s-wave component is gradually enhanced in the present mescoscopic sample. We can obtain the transitions between different multivortex states and between the multivortex and skyrmionic states when t ′ is varied. The corresponding zero-energy local density of states and the relative phase differences are provided to display different topological defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of easy spalling and roof fall in the soft coal seam under the influence of strong deep mining, the 31020 working face of Pingdingshan No.12 coal mine is used as the engineering background, combined with nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. Various technical methods have carried out research on the water absorption characteristics, composition, micro-structure, and fracture morphology of coal at different immersion time. The experimental results show that the coal sample in this mining area belongs to coking coal under the bituminous coal category. The main inorganic substances are kaolinite and calcite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to improve the uterine receptivity and luteal function following timed artificial insemination (TAI) by using gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and to evaluate the effects of these treatments on pregnancy rates in dairy cows. In experiment I, dairy cows (n=141) were subjected to TAI protocol 50 days after calving. The cows were randomly divided into the control group (n=52), GnRH group (n=31, given 100 μg GnRH each) and hCG group (n=58, given 1500 IU hCG each) five days after TAI to study their effects on the blood progesterone levels and the pregnancy rates. In experiment II, bovine endometrial epithelial cells were cultured and treated with GnRH and hCG to study effects of these hormones on expression of specific genes including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). The results showed that the injection of GnRH and hCG 5 days after AI significantly increased blood progesterone concentrations. However, differences in pregnancy rates between the cows of three groups (51.61, 53.45 & 36.54% in GnRH, hCG and control groups, respectively) were non-significant. PGF2a secreted by hCG-treated endometrial cells was significantly higher than that of the GnRH-treated cells and the control group, and the difference between the latter two groups was non-significant. GnRH and hCG treatment inhibited TLR-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways and promoted expression of LIF gene. In conclusion, the injection of GnRH and hCG 5 days after AI was beneficial to the function of the corpus luteum and uterine receptivity, although improvement in pregnancy rates was non-significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a model Hamiltonian including the on-site repulsive interaction among the electrons, we investigate the spatial configurations of mixed spin-triplet (dominant p-wave) and spin-singlet (coexisted s-wave and d-wave) pairing symmetries in bulk superconducting systems by numerically solving the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. The influences of the Zeeman field and the next-nearest-neighbor hopping on the order-parameter modulations are mainly discussed. Besides the quantized vortex states with point-like cores, the unclosed vortex chains and enclosed skyrmionic modes can remain stable in the present bulk sample. Furthermore, nonuniform patterns of the vortex lattice and the elliptical-like vortices can be obtained at appropriate applied flux. The corresponding zero-energy local density of states as well as the relative phase differences useful to display the skyrmionic texture are provided [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We design and numerically investigate an omnidirectional and polarization insensitive nearly perfect absorber in the mid-infrared regime, which is just a one dimensional metallic grating with a pair of metal-dielectric bilayer on the grating ridge. Absorption peaks of over 99% are simultane-ously achieved around the wavelength of 5.73 pm for both TM and TE polarizations, and they also remain very high over a wide range of incident angle for both polarizations. According to the analysis of the electromagnetic field distributions, we attribute the nearly perfect absorption to the magnetic resonances and the cavity modes for the TM and TE polarizations, respectively, which are further confirmed by inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit model and cavity resonance condition, respectively. This simple and flexible one dimensional nearly perfect absorber is particularly desir-able for various potential applications including micro-bolometers, band-stop filters and selective thermal emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Advanced structures of food proteins are maintained by many forces such as hydrophobic activities, electrostatic interaction, and disulphide bond interaction, which can affect their functional characteristics to a certain extent. Therefore, many approaches have been utilised to improve functional characteristics of food proteins. pH‐shift process refers to the method that food proteins are treated under extreme alkaline or acid conditions followed by adjusting pH to isoelectric point or neutral pH. Many studies have showed that pH‐shift process can significantly affect the functional characteristics of food proteins, for example emulsifying activities, forming property, solubility and water/oil adsorption ability. pH‐shift process has been utilised to recover protein isolates from many sources including fish, fish by‐products, meat processing products. Many researches have indicated that the functional and physicochemical characteristics of recovered protein isolates are significantly influenced by pH‐shift process. In this paper, the latest studies regarding the functional and physicochemical characteristics of proteins treated or recovered through pH‐shift process, and potential applications of obtained protein isolates in the production of the hydrolysates or used as a delivery system were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), known as muscle stem cells, play an important role in muscle embryonic development, post-birth growth, and regeneration after injury. Selenoprotein K (SELENOK), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident selenoprotein, is known to regulate calcium ion (Ca2+) flux and ER stress (ERS). SELENOK deficiency is involved in dietary selenium deficiency-induced muscle injury, but the regulatory mechanisms of SELENOK in SMSCs development remain poorly explored in chicken. Here, we established a SELENOK deficient model to explore the role of SELENOK in SMSCs. SELENOK knockdown inhibited SMSCs proliferation and differentiation by regulating the protein levels of paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), CyclinD1, myogenic differentiation (MyoD), and Myf6. Further analysis exhibited that SELENOK knockdown markedly activated the ERS signaling pathways, which ultimately induced apoptosis in SMSCs. SELENOK knockdown-induced ERS is related with ER Ca2+ ([Ca2+] ER) overload via decreasing the protein levels of STIM2, Orai1, palmitoylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1), phospholamban (PLN), and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) while increasing the protein levels of sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase 1 (SERCA1) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1). Moreover, thimerosal, an activator of IP3R1, reversed the overload of [Ca2+] ER , ERS, and subsequent apoptosis caused by SELENOK knockdown. These findings indicated that SELENOK knockdown triggered ERS driven by intracellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and further induced apoptosis, which ultimately inhibited SMSCs proliferation and differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and calcium oxide with ammonium hydrogen carbonate were reacted in an aqueous solution to obtain an SCB-calcium carbonate (SCB–CaCO 3) composite adsorbent, which was used to remove crystal violet (CV) from wastewater. The resulting adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface-area and pore-size analyses. The removal of CV dye by using the SCB-CaCO 3 composite adsorbent was investigated at different pH levels, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SCB-CaCO 3 for CV at 3.33 mg/mL SCB-CaCO 3 dosage, temperature of 313 K, pH 9.0, and initial dye concentration 1000 mg/L was 293.02 mg/g, and the corresponding removal rate reached 97.67%. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated in detail. Results showed that the adsorption isotherms of CV dye were consistent with the Langmuir model, so the adsorption was a monolayer process. The adsorption mechanism of CV can be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that dye adsorption onto SCB-CaCO 3 was primarily affected by strong chemisorption through electrostatic interactions. Further thermodynamic studies revealed that the CV adsorption onto SCB-CaCO 3 was a spontaneous and endothermic reaction. We also demonstrated that the adsorption of dye by SCB-CaCO 3 involved intraparticle diffusion and hydrogen-bonding interactions to some extent. Overall, SCB-CaCO 3 was found to be an efficient, low-cost, green, and recyclable organic dye-removal material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystatins B is an endogenous cysteine cathepsin inhibitor. In shrimp, cystatins B-like (CSTB-L) has not been characterized and its role in WSSV infection is largely unknown. In this study, a full-length 699 bp CSTB-L sequence with 291 bp open reading frame encoding a 96 amino acid from L.vannamei (Lv) was first cloned. The tissue distribution assay indicated that LvCSTB-L presented ubiquitous expression in most examined tissues, with the most predominant expression in the hepatopancreas and the weakest expression in the muscles. LvCSTB-L transcripts could be induced in the intestine and hepatopancreas by WSSV challenge. The relative expression level of IE1 and VP28 in the LvCSTB-L knockdown shrimp were increased significantly. In addition, the shrimp cumulative mortality was remarkably (p < 0.01) increased after LvCSTB-L knockdown. Moreover, following the LvCSTB-L silencing, significant decreases in the mRNA levels of p53 , p38 , caspase3 , STAT and ERK were also observed. The results suggested that LvCSTB-L could play positively roles in antiviral immune response by JAK-STAT, MAPK and apoptotic pathway. These findings would further our understanding of shrimp antiviral response, and therefore help for virus control and prevention. • LvCSTB-L contains 699 bp encoding 96 amino acids. • LvCSTB-L was significantly up-regulated after WSSV infection. • The expression level of IE1 and VP28 was increased after LvCSTB-L knockdown. • The shrimp cumulative mortality was increased after silencing LvCSTB-L. • LvCSTB-L positively regulated the expression of p53 , p38 , caspase3 , STAT and ERK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes. However, it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of submarine lobes. In this study, we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa. We characterize the shape, size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data. We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes. When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows, lobe complexes first infill these depressions. Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal (i.e. across-slope) slope gradients. As the longitudinal slope becomes higher, the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases. Lateral (i.e. along-slope) topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe, but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes. When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high, the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface. Furthermore, as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater, the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller, i.e. sediments tend to accumulate vertically. The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments, which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jatrorrhizine possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism underlying hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine remains unclear. Rat liver slices, isolated rat hepatocytes and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) and organic cation transporter (OCT) were used to evaluate the hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine in this study. Uptake of jatrorrhizine in rat liver slices and isolated rat hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by glycyrrhizic acid (Oatp1b2 inhibitor) and prazosin (Oct1 inhibitor), but not by ibuprofen (Oatp1a1 inhibitor) or digoxin (Oatp1a4 inhibitor). Uptake of jatrorrhizine in OATP1B3 and OCT1-HEK293 cells indicated a saturable process with the Km of 8.20 ± 1.28 and 4.94 ± 0.55 μM, respectively. However, the transcellular transport of jatrorrhizine in OATP1B1-HEK293 cells was not observed. Rifampicin (OATP inhibitor) for OATP1B3-HEK293 cells and prazosin for OCT1-HEK293 cells could inhibit the uptake of jatrorrhizine with the IC50 of 5.49 ± 1.05 and 2.77 ± 0.72 μM, respectively. The above data indicate that hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine is involved in both OATP and OCT, which may have important roles in jatrorrhizine liver disposition and potential drug–drug interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (cAg) test has been controversy in patients with low HCV loads for its lower sensitivity. We assessed correlation between HCV-cAg and HCV RNA in serum samples with low viral loads and analyzed the performance of HCV-cAg assay in determining diagnosis and treatment outcomes in chronic hepatitis C patients. Both HCV RNA and HCV-cAg were detected for 2298 serum samples. Correlation analysis was performed between the two tests. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to assess value of HCV-cAg test in determining diagnosis and response outcomes at the different HCV RNA thresholds. The two tests were correlated very well, and moreover, correlation in the low viral load group was higher than that in the high viral load group (r value: 0.901 and 0.517). Positive agreement of HCV-cAg ≥ 3 fmol/L was as high as 97.0% for HCV RNA ≥ 1000 IU/mL, and its negative agreement for HCV RNA < 15 IU/mL was up to 98.9% in all samples. Area under ROCs ranged from 0.939 to 0.992, regardless of HCV RNA thresholds. When lower limit of detection of HCV RNA was 15, 100 or 1000 IU/mL, positive predictive value of HCV-cAg was 96.8%, 98.8% or 92.4%, and its negative predictive value was 87.0%, 89.9% or 98.3%, respectively, on the basis of different cutoff values. High-sensitivity HCV-cAg detection may likely replace HCV RNA to confirm the existence of HCV and to guide the treatment of chronic HCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of interleukin (IL)‑18 on A549 human lung cancer cell line and evaluated the potential of IL‑18 therapy in lung cancer. Materials and Methods: We generated a human IL‑18 lentiviral expression vector and examined three groups of A549 cells, including nontransduced cells and cells transduced with either IL‑18 or an empty lentiviral expression vector. IL‑18 expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined using Western blotting, methylthiazolyldiphenyl‑tetrazolium bromide assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ) and Th2 cytokine IL‑4 was analyzed by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared to the other groups of cells, A549 cells transduced with the IL‑18 lentiviral expression vector exhibited significant increases in IL‑18 expression, apoptosis, and the fraction of cells in G0 and G1 phases of the cell cycle and significant decrease in proliferation. Furthermore, ELISA results showed that IFN‑γ expression increased significantly and IL‑4 decreased in A549 cells transfected with IL‑18 lentivirus expression vector. Conclusion: Using a lentiviral expression vector, IL‑18 was expressed stably and efficiently in A549 cells, which showed attenuated proliferation and tumor cell growth, and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis. IL‑18 expression also induced the secretion of IFN‑γ, while decreasing the production of IL‑4, therefore restoring the balance between Th1/Th2 cell subsets. These findings further demonstrated the antitumor activity of IL‑18 and might open new therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally investigate the gain spectrum for a pair of conjugated beams through stimulated degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) using Cs vapor. The experimental results showed that the DFWM can only occur when the angular momentum of the ground state is larger than or equal to that of the excited state (Fg ≥ Fe) for the Fg → Fe transition. It was considered that, in all Zeeman sublevels, qualitative theoretical analysis shows that the stable ground-state Zeeman coherence and significant atom population on initial pumped sublevels for an N-type transition loop are necessary for DFWM. The highest gain occurred in the case of Fg = Fe. Finally, the gain against various experimental parameters is also studied, and a pair of frequency-degenerate conjugated beams with gain over 10 is obtained in a wide range of pump detuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a neuroactive peptide produced by neurons, reactive astrocytes, and endothelial cells in the brain. Elevated levels of ET-1 have been detected in the post-mortem brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of astrocytic ET-1 exacerbates memory deficits in aged mice or in APPK670/M671 mutant mice. However, the effects of ET-1 on neuronal dysfunction remain elusive. ET-1 has been reported to mediate superoxide formation in the vascular system via NADPH oxidase (NOX) and to regulate the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cell lines via the cofilin pathway. Interestingly, oxidative stress and cofilin activation were both reported to mediate one of the AD histopathologies, cofilin rod formation in neurons. This raises the possibility that ET-1 mediates neurodegeneration via oxidative stress-or cofilin activation-driven cofilin rod formation. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to 100 nM ET-1 or to a selective ET type B receptor (ETB) agonist (IRL1620) induces cofilin rod formation in dendrites of primary hippocampal neurons, accompanied by a loss of distal dendrites and a reduction in dendritic length. The 100 nM IRL1620 exposure induced superoxide formation and cofilin activation, which were abolished by pretreatment with aNOXinhibitor (5UM VAS2870). Moreover, IRL1620-induced cofilin rod formation was partially abolished by pretreatment with a calcineurin inhibitor (100 nM FK506), which suppressed cofilin activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest a role for ETB in neurodegeneration by promoting cofilin rod formation and dendritic loss via NOX-driven superoxide formation and cofilin activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition between dissociation and ionization of H2+ in intense laser field has been investigated by using an accurate three-dimensional time-dependent wavepacket approach. The disagreement between the experiment and the former one-dimensional theory has been resolved. In a comparison of the calculated results with the available experimental data, a good agreement is reached, not only for the relative probabilities between dissociation and ionization but also for the two-peak structures and the peak energy locations for these two processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seams of conical intersection exist between the ground (1 2A′) and the first-excited (2 2A′) electronic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of OH(A 2Σ+,X 2Π)+H2 system. This intersection induces the nonadiabatic quenching of OH(A 2Σ+) by D2. We present nonadiabatic quantum dynamics study for OH(A 2Σ+)+D2 on new five-dimensional coplanar PESs. The ab initio calculations of PESs are based on multireference configuration interaction (MRCI)/aug-cc-pVQZ level. A back-propagation neural network is utilized to fit the PESs and nonadiabatic coupling. High degrees of rotational excitation of quenched OH(X 2Π) products are found in nonreactive quenching channel, and the quenched D2 products are vibrationally excited up to quantum number v2′=8. The theoretical results of nonadiabatic time-dependent wave-packet calculation are in good agreement with the existing experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new potential energy surfaces of four singlet states and two triplet states for the title oxygen molecule reaction along with the spin-orbit coupling among them have been constructed from the complete active space second-order perturbation theory with a 6-311+G(d) basis. Accurate integral cross sections are calculated with a full six-dimensional nonadiabatic time-dependent quantum wave packet method. The thermal rate constant based on the integral cross sections agrees well with the result of the experimental measurements, and the intersystem crossing effects are also discussed in this electronic energy-transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five-dimensional nonadiabatic quantum dynamics studies have been carried out on two new potential energy surfaces of S2(1A′) and T7(3A″) states for the title oxygen molecules collision with coplanar configurations, along with the spin-orbit coupling between them. The ab initio calculations are based on complete active state second-order perturbation theory with the 6-31+G(d) basis set. The calculated spin-orbit induced transition probability as a function of collision energy is found to be very small for this energy pooling reaction. The rate constant obtained from a uniform J-shifting approach is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental data, and the spin-orbit effect is also discussed in this electronic energy-transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state-to-state dynamics of the H+D2 reaction is studied by the reactant-product decoupling method using the double many-body expansion potential energy surface. Two approaches are compared: one uses only the lowest adiabatic sheet while the other employs both coupled diabatic sheets. Rotational distributions for the reaction H+D2 (υ=0,j=0)→HD(υ′=3,j′)+D are obtained at eight different collision energies between 1.49 and 1.85 eV; no significant difference are found between the two approaches. Initial state-selected total reaction probabilities and integral cross sections are also given for energies ranging from 0.25 up to 2.0 eV with extremely small differences being observed between the two sets of results, thus showing that the nonadiabatic effects in the title reaction are negligible at least for small energies below 2.0 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantum scattering dynamics calculation was carried out for the titled reaction in the collision energy range of 0.0–2.4 eV with reactant H2+ in the rotational state j=1 and vibrational states v=0–2, 4, and 6. The present time-dependent wave-packet calculation takes into account the Coriolis coupling (CC) and uses the accurate ab initio potential-energy surface of Palmieri et al. [Mol. Phys. 98, 1835 (2000)]. The importance of including the CC quantum scattering calculation has been revealed by the comparison between the CC calculation and the previous coupled state (CS) calculation. The CC total cross sections for the v=2, 4, and 6 states show collision energy-dependent behaviors different from those based on the CS calculation. Furthermore, the collision energy dependence of the total cross sections obtained in the present CC calculation only exhibits minor oscillations, indicating that the chance is slim for reactive resonances in total cross sections to survive through the partial-wave averaging. The magnitude and profile of the CC total cross sections for v=0–2 in the collision energy range of 0.0–2.5 eV are found to be consistent with experimental cross sections obtained recently by Tang et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 164301 (2005)] after taking into account the experimental uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH) and H2S, play important roles in human physiological processes. However, it is a great difficulty to distinguish biothiols from each other because of their similar chemical properties. Based on Nile red, we have designed and synthesized a near-infrared fluorescent probe for discriminating Cys/Hcy from GSH/H2S by a dual-channel detection method. Using an ether bond, near-infrared Nile red was attached to 7-nitrobenzofurazan to construct the probe. Due to the photo-induced electron transfer, the probe showed almost no fluorescence from the green to red emission band. But upon the addition of Cys (0–150 μM) or Hcy (0–200 μM), the probe exhibited a noteworthy fluorescence “turn-on” signal in two unique emission bands (Green and Red) with a fast response (within 30 min). In contrast, the probe displayed an increase in fluorescence only in the red channel when encountering GSH (0–70 μM) or H2S (0–50 μM), and GSH/H2S could be tested respectively by different response time. The limit of detection was calculated to be 0.09 μM (Cys), 0.30 μM (Hcy), 0.24 μM (GSH), and 0.04 μM (H2S), respectively (based on S/N = 3). The desirable dual-channel detection could be achieved in serum samples and living cells. Moreover, the probe could be applied for bioimaging in mice, which indicated its potential application in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]