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Sodium pyruvate (PYR) has been reported to improve aerobic metabolism and attenuate metabolic acidosis. Aerobic capacity and the ability to remove hydrogen ions affect the recovery from repeated high intensity activities. However, the effects of PYR supplementation on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance have not been elucidated. This study explored the effects of PYR ingestion on RSE ability and recovery.A total of 14 male soccer athletes (aged 20±2 years) participated in this double-blinded crossover study. The subjects completed two experimental sessions after randomized ingestion of either PYR or the maltodextrin placebo (PLA) for 1 week. At each session, participants completed high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and RSE 60 minutes after supplementation. Additionally, acid-base parameters in venous blood, energy system contributions, and power output were assessed.Compared to PLA, PYR supplementation significantly increased the relative peak power output (PPO) of the first (P=0.034) and fifth (P=0.043) sprints, and the relative mean power output (MPO) of the fifth sprint (P=0.026). In addition, the mean PPO (P=0.031) and MPO (P=0.033) of sprints 1-6 were significantly elevated after PYR supplementation. After PYR administration, the phosphagen energy system [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-phosphocreatine (PCr)] resynthesis of the fourth (P=0.034) and the overall recovery periods during HIIE (P=0.029) were higher than PLA administration. Additionally, the ATP-PCr resynthesis of the first (P=0.033) and fifth (P=0.019) recovery periods, and the mean of the six recovery periods during RSE (P=0.041) were increased in the PYR group compared to the PLA group. Furthermore, participants on the PYR regimen had higher blood pH, HCO3-, and base excess at pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, and pre-RSE (all P0.05) compared to participants receiving PLA.PYR supplementation enhanced RSE performance, and the improvement may be attributed to accelerated restoration of the acid-base balance and ATP-PCr regeneration.Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100053936.

There has been a recent surge of interest in the development of the Judgement Bias Test (JBT) as a translational assay and objective measure of depressive interpretation bias. Judgement bias, namely the tendency of favoring an approach/avoidance response towards ambiguous cues, is thought to reflect a biased interpretation or anticipation of the cues. However, no study has examined the relationship between judgement bias and depressive interpretation bias. We validated the JBT against established measurements of interpretation bias in a college sample (Study 1) and an adolescent sample (Study 2). In both samples, a negative judgement bias was significantly associated with a depressive interpretation bias. However, the strength of the associations was only moderate and failed to meet the minimum qualification of convergent validity. Our results suggest that judgement bias and interpretation bias might be related but distinct. The JBT should not be used as an indirect assessment of interpretation bias in its current form, and it would be premature to claim that animal studies using the JBT could inform our understanding of cognitive biases in mood disorders. Nevertheless, the JBT might be useful for studying specific mechanisms, such as reward processing under ambiguity.

To compare the different therapeutic effects of acupuncture and Phenolphthalein for constipation due to intestinal qi stagnation. A total of 50 patients with constipation due to intestinal qi stagnation were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group by the random digital table, 25 cases in each group. The patients in the acupuncture group were treated by puncturing Gongsun (SP 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Hegu (LI 4), Lieque (LU 7), and Tianshu (ST 25), once every day, and 7 d as one course, for continuous 3 courses; while the patients in the medication group were given Phenolphthalein, 7 d as one course, for continuous 3 courses. Compared the Cleveland clinic constipation score (CCS) between the two groups after one course, 3 courses and 3 months after the treatment, as well as the frequency of defecation within one week. After one week of treatment, CCS scores and frequency of defecation per week were significantly changed in both groups compared with those before treatment (P

To compare the therapeutic effects between the Governor Vessel-regulating, liver-soothing and mind-calming needling and the routine acupuncture therapy for insomnia due to liver fire disturbing the heart. A total of 50 cases with insomnia were randomly divided by the random numberl table into the two groups, 25 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with the Governor Vessel-regulating, liver-soothing and mind-calming needling, while the control group was treated with the routine acupuncture therapy. The two groups were treated for five sessions per week, ten sessions as a course. After 3-course treatment, the therapeutic effects and the improvement of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were observed. After treatment for three courses, the total effective rate was 100% in the treatment group and 92% in the control group. The difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0.05). The therapeutic effect of Governor Vessel-regulating, liver-soothing and mind-calming needling is better for insomnia due to liver fire disturbing the heart than the routine acupuncture therapy.

New Findings What is the central question of this study? We investigated whether the LPL gene rs283 polymorphism affects exercise-induced changes in body composition and lipid and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents and whether it is functional. What is the main finding and its importance? Chinese obese adolescents of Han nationality with the GG genotype of the rs283 polymorphism were more sensitive to exercise-induced reduction of the body fat percentage, insulin resistance and plasma triglyceride levels. The G allele can significantly increase reporter gene expression level, which may be the molecular reason for the difference in exercise-induced parameter changes among obese adolescents. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between the rs283 polymorphism located in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and exercise-induced changes in body composition and lipid and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents and to probe into the molecular regulatory mechanisms. Fifty-five obese adolescents of Han nationality underwent aerobic training for 4 weeks. Body composition and lipid and glucose metabolic parameters were tested before and after the training. The rs283 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism, and association analysis with the weight-reducing effect was performed. The regulatory mechanisms of the rs283 polymorphism were explored through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exercise-induced change rates were as follows: the change in body fat percentage of GG genotype groups was 3.37 ± 1.60, significantly higher than that of GA genotype groups (2.09 ± 1.53, P

The phylogeny of tits has been studied using various molecular markers, but their phylogenetic relationships remain controversial. To further investigate their taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships, the entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) and five nuclear segments were sequenced from 10 species of tits and two outgroups (Sylviparus modestus and Remiz consobrinus), followed by the comparison of mitogenomic characteristics and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship based on the different datasets. The results revealed the following: the mitogenomes of 10 ingroup tits, each 16,758-16,799bp in length, displayed typical mitogenome organization and the gene order found in most previously determined Passeriformes mitogenomes; close relationships existed between Parus major and P. monticolus, between P. montanus and P. palustris, and between P. ater and P. venustulus; and Pseudopodoces humilis was a sister group to P. spilonotus, P. cyanus, or the clade containing P. major and P. monticolus.

What is the central question of this study? We investigated whether the LPL gene rs283 polymorphism affects exercise-induced changes in body composition and lipid and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents and whether it is functional. What is the main finding and its importance? Chinese obese adolescents of Han nationality with the GG genotype of the rs283 polymorphism were more sensitive to exercise-induced reduction of the body fat percentage, insulin resistance and plasma triglyceride levels. The G allele can significantly increase reporter gene expression level, which may be the molecular reason for the difference in exercise-induced parameter changes among obese adolescents. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between the rs283 polymorphism located in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and exercise-induced changes in body composition and lipid and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents and to probe into the molecular regulatory mechanisms. Fifty-five obese adolescents of Han nationality underwent aerobic training for 4 weeks. Body composition and lipid and glucose metabolic parameters were tested before and after the training. The rs283 polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and association analysis with the weight-reducing effect was performed. The regulatory mechanisms of the rs283 polymorphism were explored through the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exercise-induced change rates were as follows: the change in body fat percentage of GG genotype groups was 3.37 ± 1.60, significantly higher than that of GA genotype groups (2.09 ± 1.53, P 0.01); the change in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was 0.52 ± 0.13, obviously higher than that of GA genotype groups (0.44 ± 0.10, P 0.05); and the change in triglyceride was 51.91 ± 6.56, much higher than that of GA genotype groups (47.06 ± 5.36, P 0.01). The relative luciferase activity of the reporter gene in recombinant vector carrying the G allele was 2.67 ± 0.22, markedly higher than that in recombinant vector carrying the A allele (1.63 ± 0.03, P 0.01). Chinese obese adolescents of Han nationality with GG genotype of the rs283 polymorphism were more sensitive to exercise-induced parameter changes. The G allele can improve reporter gene expression level, indicating the effects of rs283 on gene expression.

Though the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was introduced into China more than 60 years ago, the genetic diversity and structure of this exotic insect pest and virus vector have not been studied. To investigate the population genetic characteristics of this invasive species and to identify potential invasion routes, the genetic diversity and population structure of 17 collections of T. vaporariorum from nine provinces in China were analyzed using seven microsatellite loci. The results of the analyses indicated that the genetic diversity for the populations examined from the four provinces: Jilin, Ningxia, Guizhou and Qinghai, was lower than the genetic diversity of populations from the five provinces: Yunnan, Shandong, Shanxi, Liaoning, and Gansu. The T. vaporariorum populations analyzed in this study grouped as two distinct genetic clusters based on the analysis using STRUCTURE, whereas, 8 clusters were identified based on the BAPS analysis. Of the 136 genetic distance (Fst) values, 128 (94%) were associated with a significant exact test. However, there was no significant relationship between Fst and geographical distance. These results demonstrate that populations of T. vaporariorum in China exhibit significant genetic differentiation, indicating the likelihood that multiple introductions of T. vaporariorum into China have occurred. Also, the populations collected from the provinces of Jilin, Ningxia, Guizhou and Qinghai appear to represent secondary introductions originating from other Chinese provinces.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Remiz consobrinus was determined using long PCR and conserved primers walking approaches. Based on the results of assembling and annotation, the structure, sequence composition and codon usage of the genome protein-coding genes were analyzed, and the prediction of the secondary structure of 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA, the control region structure, and the phylogeny were also conducted, which provided new information for phylogenetic studies of passerine birds. The entire mitochondrial genome of Remiz consobrinus was 16 737 bp in length, the accession number was KC463856 and the content of A, T, C, and G were 27.8%, 21.5%, 35.4%, and 15.3%, respectively. The genome harbored the same gene order with that of other birds, and contained 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA, and a non-coding control region. There were 77 bp intergenic intervals between 18 pair genes and 30 bp overlaps between 7 pair genes. Except for ND3 gene, which used ATT as the initiation codon, all other PCGs started with the typical ATG codon. Except for COIII and ND4, which used incomplete termination codon T, the other 11 PCGs used standard TAA, TAG, AGA or AGG as termination codons. The tRNAs all formed typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for tRNASer-AGN, which lost the DHU arm in its structure. A total of 27 base mismatches appeared, with 19 common G-U mismatches. The predicted secondary structure of SrRNA and LrRNA contained 3 domains with 47 helices and 6 domains with 60 helices, respectively. Besides F-box, D-box, C-box, and B-box, Bird similarity-box and CSB1-box were also found in the control region of Remiz consobrinus, as found in other bird species. Our results suggest Remizidae as a separate family. The monophyly of Sylviidae and Remizidae was supported.该研究使用长PCR扩增和引物步移法测定了中华攀雀 (