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ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze the ADRs associated with Denosumab (Prolia) in the treatment of osteoporosis using data from the FAERS database, and gain a better understanding of the potential risks and side effects of Denosumab (Prolia) therapy.MethodsData of Denosumab (Prolia) were collected from the FAERS database covering the period from first quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and Bayesian analysis confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) to detect positive signals.ResultsTotally, 17,985,365 reports were collected from the FAERS database, 1,97,807 reports of Denosumab (Prolia) were identified as the “primary suspected (PS)” ADRs. Denosumab (Prolia) induced ADRs occurred in 27 organ systems. 38 significant disproportionality PTs satisfying with the three algorithms were retained at the same time. Unexpected significant ADRs such as bone density abnormal and immobile also occur. The majority of the ADRs occurred within the first 30 days after Denosumab (Prolia) initiation.ConclusionBased on the American FAERS database, the high frequency ADRs of Denosumab (Prolia) were hypocalcaemia, bone density abnormal, eczema, rebound effect, spinal deformity, etc. Clinical use of this drug should focus on this part of ADRs. Attention should also be paid to newly discovered ADRs, such as immobile, menopausal symptoms, etc., to avoid more serious consequences. Cohort studies, more detailed and comprehensive case information, and long-term clinical investigations are needed to confirm these results and to further understand the safety profile of Denosumab (Prolia).

The ability of wheat to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is determined mostly by allelic diversity among genes regulating vernalization requirement. Vrn-1 is a major regulator of this requirement. In this study, two novel alleles of Vrn-A1 were discovered in Chinese cultivars: vrn-A1n was identified in two landraces, Jiunong 2 and Ganchun 16, and Vrn-A1o was detected in Duanhongmangmai. Both novel alleles showed a linked duplication in the promoter region. The common copy of these two alleles was identical to the recessive allele vrn-A1. Compared with the recessive allele vrn-A1, the other copy of vrn-A1n contained a 54-bp deletion in the promoter region and the distinct copy of Vrn-A1o contained an 11-bp deletion in the promoter region. In segregating populations in the greenhouse under nonvernalizing (20–25 °C) and long-day (16 h light) conditions, plants with the novel vrn-A1n allele did not head earlier than those with the recessive vrn-A1 allele. However, plants that were either homozygous or heterozygous for the novel Vrn-A1o allele headed earlier than those with the recessive vrn-A1 allele. To identify the novel allele with the small-sized product and facilitate screening, a DNA marker for the novel dominant allele Vrn-A1o was designed. Analysis of the novel-allele distribution showed that two cultivars carrying the vrn-A1n allele were dispersed in the northwestern spring wheat zone, and 12 cultivars carrying the dominant Vrn-A1o allele were widely distributed in the northwestern spring wheat zone, Xinjiang winter and spring wheat zone, Yellow and Huai River valley winter wheat zone, and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau spring and winter wheat zone. Our study identifies useful germplasm and a DNA marker for wheat breeding.

Android has been the most widely used operating system for mobile phones over the past few years. Malicious attacks against android are a major privacy and security concern. Malware detection techniques for android applications are therefore significant. A class of methods using Function Call Graphs (FCGs) for android malware detection has shown great potential. The relationships between functions are limited to simple binary relationships (i.e., graphs) in these methods. However, one function often calls several other functions to produce specific effects in android applications, which cannot be captured with FCGs. In this paper, we propose to formalize android malware detection as a hypergraph-level classification task. A hypergraph is a topology capable of portraying complex relationships between multiple vertices, which can better characterize the functional behavior of android applications. We model android applications using hypergraphs and extract the embedded features of android applications using hypergraph neural networks to represent the functional behavior of android applications. Hypergraph neural networks can encode high-order data correlation in a hypergraph structure for data representation learning. In experiments, we validate the gaining effect of hypergraphs on detection performance across two open-source android application datasets. Especially, HGNNP obtains the best classification performance of 91.10% on the Malnet-Tiny dataset and 97.1% on the Drebin dataset, which outperforms all baseline methods.

A shale reservoir is a complex system with lots of nanoscale pore throat structures and variable permeability. Even though shale reservoirs contain both organic and inorganic matter, the slip effect and phase behavior complicate the two-phase flow mechanism. As a result, understanding how microscale effects occur is critical to effectively developing shale reservoirs. In order to explain the experimental phenomena that are difficult to describe using classical two-phase flow theory, this paper proposes a new simulation method for two-phase shale oil reservoirs that takes into account the microscale effects, including the phase change properties of oil and gas in shale micro- and nanopores, as well as the processes of dissolved gas escape, nucleation, growth and aggregation. The presented numerical simulation framework, aimed at comprehending the dynamics of the two-phase flow within fractured horizontal wells situated in macroscale shale reservoirs, is subjected to validation against real-world field data. This endeavor serves the purpose of enhancing the theoretical foundation for predicting the production capacity of fractured horizontal wells within shale reservoirs. The impact of capillary forces on the fluid dynamics of shale oil within micro- and nanoscale pores is investigated in this study. The investigation reveals that capillary action within these micro- and nanoscale pores of shale formations results in a reduction in the actual bubble point pressure within the oil and gas system. Consequently, the reservoir fluid persists in a liquid monophasic state, implying a constrained mobility and diminished flow efficiency of shale oil within the reservoir. This constrained mobility is further characterized by a limited spatial extent of pressure perturbation and a decelerated pressure decline rate, which are concurrently associated with a relatively elevated oil saturation level.

Trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TI-ONFH) is a pathological process in which the destruction of blood vessels supplying blood to the femoral head causes the death of bone tissue cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) has been shown to have potent proangiogenic activity, but the role in angiogenesis of TI-ONFH is unclear. In this work, we discovered that VCAM-1 was significantly downregulated in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from patients with TI-ONFH. Subsequently, we constructed BMSCs overexpressing VCAM-1 using a lentiviral vector. VCAM-1 enhances the migration and angiogenesis of BMSCs. We further performed mRNA transcriptome sequencing to explore the mechanisms by which VCAM-1 promotes angiogenesis. Gene ontology biological process enrichment analysis demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to blood vessel development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were engaged in the Apelin signaling pathway. Apelin-13 is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor and activates this G protein-coupled receptor. Treatment with Apelin-13 activated the Apelin signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of cellular communication network factor 2 in BMSCs. Furthermore, Apelin-13 also inhibits the migration and angiogenesis of VCAM-1-BMSCs. In summary, VCAM-1 plays an important role in vascular microcirculation disorders of TI-ONFH, which provides a new direction for the molecular mechanism and treatment of TI-ONFH.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that medial subluxation of the tibia occurs after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, it is unclear whether anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can correct tibial coronal subluxation. Purpose To determine whether the tibia is medially subluxated after ACL rupture, and whether ACLR can correct medial subluxation of the tibia. Study design Case series; Level of evidence, 4, Retrospective clinical study. Methods The distance of tibial coronal subluxation before and after ACLR surgery was measured in 48 patients with ACL rupture and meniscus injury. Tibiofemoral subluxation was defined as the perpendicular distance between the long axis of the tibia and a second parallel line originating at the most proximal aspect of the femoral intercondylar notch. To determine the long axis of the tibia, two circles separated by 5 cm were centered on the proximal tibia. The proximal circle is 5 cm from the tibial plateau, and the distal circle is 5 cm from the proximal circle. The line passing through the center of the two circles was considered the long axis of the proximal tibia. Care was taken to ensure that each patient lied on the back with their patellae facing upward, to minimize rotational variation among the radiographs. At the same time, 30 patients with simple meniscus injury who underwent arthroscopy during the same period were selected to determine the degree of tibiofemoral coronal subluxation as the baseline value. The changes before and after operation were compared, as well as the differences with the baseline data. Result The average follow-up period was 21.2 ± 5.8 months. The average distance of tibial coronal subluxation before ACLR was 5.5 ± 2.1 mm, which was significantly different from that of baseline group (7.3 ± 2.1 mm) (P

A low-profile, wideband, and high-gain antenna array, based on a novel double-H-shaped slot microstrip patch radiating element and robust against high temperature variations, is proposed in this work. The antenna element was designed to operate in the frequency range between 12 GHz and 18.25 GHz, with a 41.3% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and an obtained peak gain equal to 10.2 dBi. The planar array, characterized by a feed network with a flexible 1 to 16 power divider, comprised 4 × 4 antenna elements and generated a pattern with a peak gain of 19.1 dBi at 15.5 GHz. An antenna array prototype was fabricated, and the measurements showed good agreement with the numerical simulations as the manufactured antenna operated in the range of 11.4–17 GHz, with a 39.4% FBW, and the peak gain at 15.5 GHz was 18.7 dBi. The high-temperature simulated and experimental results, performed in a temperature chamber, demonstrated that the array performance was stable in a wide temperature range, from −50 °C to 150 °C.

Phage therapy is widely being reconsidered as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including salmonellosis caused by Salmonella. As facultative intracellular parasites, Salmonella could spread by vertical transmission and pose a great threat to both human and animal health; however, whether phage treatment might provide an optional strategy for controlling bacterial vertical infection remains unknown. Herein, we explored the effect of phage therapy on controlling the vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum), a poultry pathogen that causes economic losses worldwide due to high mortality and morbidity. A Salmonella phage CKT1 with lysis ability against several S. enterica serovars was isolated and showed that it could inhibit the proliferation of S. Pullorum in vitro efficiently. We then evaluated the effect of phage CKT1 on controlling the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum in an adult broiler breeder model. The results demonstrated that phage CKT1 significantly alleviated hepatic injury and decreased bacterial load in the liver, spleen, heart, ovary, and oviduct of hens, implying that phage CKT1 played an active role in the elimination of Salmonella colonization in adult chickens. Additionally, phage CKT1 enabled a reduction in the Salmonella-specific IgG level in the serum of infected chickens. More importantly, the decrease in the S. Pullorum load on eggshells and in liquid whole eggs revealed that phage CKT1 effectively controlled the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum from hens to laid eggs, indicating the potential ability of phages to control bacterial vertical transmission.

Surface upward longwave radiation (SULR) is one of the four components of the surface radiation budget, which is defined as the total surface upward radiative flux in the spectral domain of 4-100 μm. The SULR is an indicator of surface thermal conditions and greatly impacts weather, climate, and phenology. Big Earth data derived from satellite remote sensing have been an important tool for studying earth science. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16) has greatly improved temporal and spectral resolution compared to the imager sensor of the previous GOES series and is a good data source for the generation of high spatiotemporal resolution SULR. In this study, based on the hybrid SULR estimation method and an upper hemisphere correction method for the SULR dataset, we developed a regional clear-sky land SULR dataset for GOES-16 with a half-hourly resolution for the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2020. The dataset was validated against surface measurements collected at 65 Ameriflux radiation network sites. Compared with the SULR dataset of the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) longwave radiation product that is generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the polar-orbiting Terra and Aqua satellites, the ABI/GOES-16 SULR dataset has commensurate accuracy (an RMSE of 15.9 W/m2 vs 19.02 W/m2 and an MBE of −4.4 W/m2 vs −2.57 W/m2), coarser spatial resolution (2 km at nadir vs 1 km resolution), less spatial coverage (most of the Americas vs global), fewer weather conditions (clear-sky vs all-weather conditions) and a greatly improved temporal resolution (48 vs 4 observations a day). The published data are available at http://www.dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00062.

Medium resolution spectral imager II (MERSI-2) is a payload for the Chinese meteorological satellite Feng Yun 3 (FY-3). China's satellite remote sensing observation capabilities such as climate change research can be improved during MERSI-2's operation in orbit, and the sensor is the world's first imaging instrument that can obtain a global infrared split-window data with a spatial resolution of 250 m. We developed an operational spilt-window (SW) algorithm to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) accurately from the MERSI-2 data. The SW algorithm coefficients were derived from a simulation dataset that was established with the Moderate spectral resolution atmospheric Transmittance model version 5.2 and the thermodynamic initial guess retrieval dataset. In the practical retrieval, the precise algorithm coefficients were determined by view zenith angle and atmospheric water vapor content (WVC), the atmospheric WVC were obtained from the ERA5 dataset, and the land surface emissivity was dynamically estimated using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global emissivity dataset, considering the fractional of vegetation cover and snow cover. The retrieved LST compared with in situ LST, which was highly consistent with the in situ LST and that the root-mean-square error of the two is within 3 K. The retrieved LST was compared with the MYD11_L2 and MYD21_L2 LST products, and the results indicated that MERSI-2 LST was more consistent with the MYD21 LST. The operational SW algorithm for FY-3D MERSI-2 developed in this study could retrieve LST accurately and has a wide range of popularization and application values.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that the spherical shape of the lateral femoral condyle has a clear relationship with the relative axial movement of tibiofemoral joint and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. The purpose of this study was to describe the distal curvature of the lateral femoral condyle by ratio of height of lateral femoral condyle to anteroposterior diameter (HAPR), and evaluate its correlation with ACL rupture. Methods A retrospective case-control study of 64 patients was conducted. Two age-and sex-matched cohorts (each n = 32) were analyzed: primary ACL ruptures, and a control group consisting of isolated meniscal tears. On the radiograph, the distance from the intersection of the axis of the distal femur and the anteriorly diameter of the lateral femoral condyle to the lower point of the lateral femoral condyle divided by the anteriorly diameter of the lateral femoral condyle is HAPR. The HAPR was measured by digital radiograph imaging systems (DR) to quantify femoral sphericity. Cutoff values were defined; and diagnostic performance of the risk factors was assessed. Meanwhile, we measured the posterior tibial slope (PTS) on radiograph and compared the two methods to evaluate the significance of HAPR in predicting ACL rupture. Results A total of sixty-four patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis (32 with primary ACL rupture, 32 controls). The HAPR was smaller in the knees with primary ACL rupture (0.31 ± 0.02) than that of the control group (0.33 ± 0.02) (p

Land surface component temperatures (LSCTs), i.e., the temperatures of soil and vegetation, are important parameters in many applications, such as estimating evapotranspiration and monitoring droughts. However, the multiangle algorithm is affected due to different spatial resolution between nadir and oblique views. Therefore, we propose a combined retrieval algorithm that uses dual-angle and multipixel observations together. The sea and land surface temperature radiometer onboard ESA's Sentinel-3 satellite allows for quasi-synchronous dual-angle observations, from which LSCTs can be retrieved using dual-angle and multipixel algorithms. The better performance of the combined algorithm is demonstrated using a sensitivity analysis based on a synthetic dataset. The spatial errors in the oblique view due to different spatial resolution can reach 4.5 K and have a large effect on the multiangle algorithm. The introduction of multipixel information in a window can reduce the effect of such spatial errors, and the retrieval results of LSCTs can be further improved by using multiangle information for a pixel. In the validation, the proposed combined algorithm performed better, with LSCT root mean squared errors of 3.09 K and 1.91 K for soil and vegetation at a grass site, respectively, and corresponding values of 3.71 K and 3.42 K at a sparse forest site, respectively. Considering that the temperature differences between components can reach 20 K, the results confirm that, in addition to a pixel-average LST, the combined retrieval algorithm can provide information on LSCTs. This article demonstrates the potential of utilizing additional information sources for better LSCT results, which makes the presented combined strategy a promising option for deriving large-scale LSCT products.

Land surface temperature (LST) is a vital parameter in the surface energy budget and water cycle. One of the most important foundations for LST studies is a theory to understand how to model LST with various influencing factors, such as canopy structure, solar radiation, and atmospheric conditions. Both physical-based and empirical methods have been widely applied. However, few studies have compared these two categories of methods. In this paper, a physical-based method, soil canopy observation of photochemistry and energy fluxes (SCOPE), and two empirical methods, random forest (RF) and long short-term memory (LSTM), were selected as representatives for comparison. Based on a series of measurements from meteorological stations in the Heihe River Basin, these methods were evaluated in different dimensions, i.e., the difference within the same surface type, between different years, and between different climate types. The comparison results indicate a relatively stable performance of SCOPE with a root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 2.0 K regardless of surface types and years but requires many inputs and a high computational cost. The empirical methods performed relatively well in dealing with cases either within the same surface type or changes in temporal scales individually, with an RMSE of approximately 1.50 K, yet became less compatible in regard to different climate types. Although the overall accuracy is not as stable as that of the physical method, it has the advantages of fast calculation speed and little consideration of the internal structure of the model.

Antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from companion animals were still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) resistance genes of E. coli from companion animals in Shandong, China. A total of 79 isolates (80.6%) were recovered from 98 healthy or diarrheal companion animals in 2021, among which ESBLs-producing isolates accounted for 43.0% (34/79), and more than half of ESBL E. coli (ESBL-EC) strains (n = 19) were isolated from healthy companion animals. Diarrheagenic E. coli isolates (45.6%, n = 36) were represented by enterotoxigenic (ETEC) (32.9%), enteropathogenic (EPEC) (10.1%) and enteroinvasive (EIEC) (2.6%), 20 isolates of which were from healthy pets. Among tested antibiotics, resistance to tetracycline (64.6%) was the most commonly observed, followed by doxycycline (59.5%) and ampicillin (53.2%). Notably, all isolates were susceptible to meropenem. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) rate was 49.4%, 20 isolates of which were ESBLs producers; moreover, 23.4%, 16.4% of ESBL-EC strains were resistant to 5 or more, 7 or more antibiotics, respectively. Among the 5 β-lactamase resistance genes, the most frequent gene was blaCTX-M (60.76%), followed by blaSHV (40.51%). The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene aac(6’)-Ib-cr was detected in 35 isolates. Additionally, ESBL-associated genes (i.e., blaCTX-M, blaSHV) were found in 76.5% ESBL-EC strains, with six isolates carrying blaCTX-M and blaSHV. The marker gene of high-pathogenicity island gene irp2 (encoding iron capture systems) was the most frequency virulence gene. Our results showed that ESBL-EC were widespread in healthy or diarrhea companion animals, especially healthy pets, which may be a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance, therefore, enhancing a risk to public and animal health.

With the continuous increase in wind power penetration, doubly fed wind turbines can quickly respond to changes in grid frequency, and have particularly important inertia-response characteristics. This article starts with the excitation control principle of a doubly fed induction generator, compares the transient frequency characteristics of the synchronous generator under fault, and proposes that the doubly fed induction generator can control the speed or active power of the generator through excitation. It proves the unique “active power transient frequency characteristics” of doubly fed induction generators. Under different wind speeds, the inertia response capability of the wind turbine is quantified, and the degrees of influence of the inertia time constant and frequency characteristic slope of the doubly fed induction generator on the transient change process are analyzed. Finally, simulation and experiments verify the correctness of the above theory, which provides a basis for significantly improving the transient stability of the power system and realizing the controllability of the transient stability of the power system.

As one category of vector boson fusion, photo-production is one important production mechanism at e-p colliders. A future e-p collider – Large Hadron-electron Collider (LHeC) has been discussed as a “Higgs factory” candidate where the Higgs boson produced via weak boson fusion (WBF) at the LHeC plays an important role in precision measurement of Yukawa couplings. On the other hand, a measurement of photo-production of the Higgs boson, if possible, might be complementary to the measurement of Higgs to di-photon partial decay width Γ(h→γγ). In this paper, we study the possibility of measuring this production process at the LHeC with the help of the photon PDFs published in recent years. This process has a clean final state without additional colored particles in the detectable region other than the decay products of the Higgs. We compute the cross sections of all related processes and find that the production rate is at the same order as the neutral current WBF production of Higgs boson with missing forward jets. However, a detailed phenomenological study of various Higgs decay channels shows that even in the most promising semi-leptonic WW channel, the feasibility of identifying such photo-production is negative due to an irreducible photo-production of W+W−.

To acquire high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging capacity, the displaced phase center multichannel azimuth beam (DPCMAB) technology is usually adopted in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), while multichannel reconstruction must be carried out before imaging process due to azimuth nonuniform sampling. Up to now, almost all azimuth multichannel reconstruction algorithms have been mainly based on conventional hyperbolic range equation (CHRE), but the accuracy of the CHRE model is usually not suitable for the HRWS mode, especially for high resolution and large squint observation cases. In this study, the azimuth multichannel signal model based on the advanced hyperbolic range equation (AHRE) is established and analyzed. The major difference between multichannel signal models based on CHRE and AHRE is the additional time-varying phase error between azimuth channels. The time-varying phase error is small and can be ignored in the monostatic DPCMAB SAR system, but it must be considered and compensated in the distributed DPCMAB SAR system. In addition to the time-varying phase error, additional Doppler spectrum shift and extended Doppler bandwidth should be considered in the squint case during azimuth multichannel reconstruction. The azimuth multichannel reconstruction algorithm based on AHRE is proposed in this paper. Before multichannel reconstruction and combination, time-varying phase errors between azimuth channels were first compensated, and the range-frequency-dependent de-skewing function was derived to remove the two-dimension (2D) spectrum tilt to avoid azimuth under-sampling. Then, azimuth multichannel data were reconstructed according to the azimuth multichannel impulse response based on AHRE. Finally, the range-frequency dependent re-skewing function was introduced to recover the tilted 2D spectrum. Simulation results on both point and distributed targets validated the proposed azimuth multichannel reconstruction approach.

An operational split-window (SW) algorithm was developed to retrieve high-temporal-resolution land surface temperature (LST) from global geostationary (GEO) satellite data. First, the MODTRAN 5.2 and SeeBor V5.0 atmospheric profiles were used to establish a simulation database to derive the SW algorithm coefficients for GEO satellites. Then, the dynamic land surface emissivities (LSEs) in the two SW bands were estimated using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Dataset (GED), fractional vegetation cover (FVC), and snow cover products. Here, the proposed SW algorithm was applied to Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) observations. LST estimates were retrieved in January, April, July, and October 2016, and three validation methods were used to evaluate the LST retrievals, including the temperature-based (T-based) method, radiance-based (R-based) method, and intercomparison method. The in situ night-time observations from two Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) sites and four Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) OzFlux sites were used in the T-based validation, where a mean bias of −0.70 K and a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.29 K were achieved. In the R-based validation, the biases were 0.14 and −0.13 K and RMSEs were 0.83 and 0.86 K for the daytime and nighttime, respectively, over four forest sites, four desert sites, and two inland water sites. Additionally, the AHI LST estimates were compared with the Collection 6 MYD11_L2 and MYD21_L2 LST products over southeastern China and the Australian continent, and the results indicated that the AHI LST was more consistent with the MYD21 LST and was generally higher than the MYD11 LST. The pronounced discrepancy between the AHI and MYD11 LST could be mainly caused by the differences in the emissivities used. We conclude that the developed SW algorithm is of high accuracy and shows promise in producing LST data with global coverage using observations from a constellation of GEO satellites.

Land surface reflectance (LSR) and aerosol types are the two main factors that affect aerosol inversions over land. According to LSR determination methods, Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products are produced using the Deep Blue (DB) and Dark Target (DT) algorithms. Five aerosol types that are determined from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground measurements are used to describe the global distribution of aerosol types in each algorithm. To assess the influence of LSR and the method used to determine aerosol type from aerosol retrievals, 10-km global aerosol products that cover 2013 are selected for validation using Level 2.0 aerosol observations from 175 AERONET sites. The variations in the retrieval accuracy of the DB and DT algorithms for different LSR values are analyzed by combining them with a global 10-km LSR database. Meanwhile, the adaptability of the MODIS products over areas covered with different aerosols is also explored. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with DT retrievals, the DB algorithm yields lower root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolut error (MAE) values, and a greater number of appropriate sample points fall within the expected error (EE). The DB algorithm shows higher overall reliability; (2) The aerosol retrieval accuracy of the DB and DT algorithms decline irregularly as the surface reflectance increases; the DB algorithm displays relatively high accuracy; (3) Both algorithms have a high retrieval accuracy over areas covered by weak absorbing aerosols, whereas dust aerosols and continental aerosols produce a low retrieval accuracy. The DB algorithm shows good retrieval results for most aerosols, but a lower accuracy for strong absorbing aerosols.