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Three-dimensional geometric models for two types of carding and impurity removal mechanisms in rotor spinning were created and designated as model I and model II, respectively. A numerical simulation using Ansys Fluent was performed, and the pressure, airflow velocity, and turbulent energy distribution characteristics in the models were computed. The results show that there is a strong negative pressure with unequal velocities in the two models. Moreover, the turbulent energy occurs at the impurity discharge port of model I, which is not conducive to the discharge of impurities and the quality of yarns. However, there is no turbulent energy change in the impurity removal zone of model II, which is beneficial for impurity removal. Moreover, the effect of airflow on yarn performance by simulation is verified by the performance test of the yarn produced in the chambers mentioned above.

Improving farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production is of significance for maintaining the stability of sugarcane cultivation, as well as ensuring the sustainability and security of the national sugar supply. Based on rural household survey data from five major sugarcane producing counties in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2018, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural insurance on farmers’ enthusiasm to grow sugarcane using Probit, IV-Probit, and 2SLS methods, examines the problem of heterogeneity due to differences in farmers’ degree of part-time occupation, and analyzes the mechanisms of agricultural insurance in affecting farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production through income effect and substitution effect pathways. The findings of the study are as follows: first, participation in agricultural insurance significantly increases farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production; second, the impact of agricultural insurance on farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production is heterogeneous depending on the degree of part-time farming, and the intensity of the impact decreases as the degree of part-time farming increases; finally, agricultural insurance increases farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production through income effects such as increased farm income and income expectations on the one hand, and positively influences farmers’ enthusiasm for sugarcane production through competitive crop substitution effects at both agricultural and non-farm levels on the other. Based on these findings, policy measures are proposed in this paper, including increasing the level of sugarcane insurance coverage, improving the pricing strategy of sugarcane, and accelerating the mechanization of the entire sugarcane production process.

Viscoelastic models are typically employed to investigate the mechanical properties of yarn. In this study, a viscoelastic model was developed to predict the tensile stress–strain relationship of a core/wrapped composite yarn with double filaments. The tensile properties of the yarn were tested, and various stages of the tensile curve were analyzed. Moreover, based on the tensile fracture characteristics, a five-element nonlinear viscoelastic model comprising Kelvin element, Maxwell element, and linear springs was established. Furthermore, the tensile properties of the composite yarns were simulated and calculated using the developed model. Additionally, the stress–strain relationship was fitted using a polynomial on the basis of the established model. The results reveal that the tensile fracture curve of the composite yarn comprises three stages. They are a small strain linear stage, a large strain stage, and a strength fluctuation stage. The viscoelastic tensile model can decently explain the three-stage stress–strain characteristics of the composite yarn tensile curve. The theoretical results were consistent with the experimental results, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.999. Based on the results, the proposed model can be employed with high accuracy to predict the tensile properties of a core/wrapped composite yarn with a double filament.

Multi-channel rotor spinning equipment can produce multi-colour mixed yarn by changing the feed speeds of three primary coloured slivers separately. The method realises the mixing of colour fibres during the spinning process, and has the characteristics of high production flexibility, simplicity and quickness. The colour mixing effect and colour blending ratio prediction are important conditions for industrial production. In this paper, two-component and three-component samples were spun with rovings of red, yellow and blue with different blending ratios. A colour model of the rotor spun multi-primary-colour-blended yarn was established based on Friele theory by determining the σ value, which is the model parameter determined by experiments. Two methods were employed to calculate the σ value to improve the accuracy of the model:1. under the condition of all wavelengths and 2. at various wavelengths. The results showed that the model parameters calculated at various wavelengths could better predict the colour of multi-channel rotor spun colour-blended yarn.

Different colored fibers were blended into yarns by digital rotor spinning to meet the market demand of multi-species and small-batch production. In order to study the color blending effect of spun yarn, two-component and three-component blended yarns were obtained by red, yellow and blue slivers, and woven as fabrics. Parameters of K-M double constant theoretical model were calculated by the color characteristics of fabrics. The absorption coefficient (K) and the scattering coefficient (S) of the monochromatic fiber were calculated by the method of least squares and the method of relative value, respectively. According to the above methods, two Kubelka-Munk double constant color blending models were built. The two models were used to predict colors and blending ratios of fabrics. The results show that the K-M model established by the least squares method can better predict color blending effect and the blending ratio of digital rotor spun yarn.

Axial radiation properties of Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum have been investigated experimentally on JULONG-I facility in China. A new method of time resolved temperature diagnostics in dynamic hohlraum experiments has been developed via a one-dimensional (1-D) imaging system consisting of a streak camera. With the help of the axial radiation power profile measured by an X-ray power measurement system using the same type of scintillator as in the 1-D imaging system, time resolved temperature distribution along the one-dimensional space in dynamic hohlraum experiments are extracted by a special mathematical transform process of the image. The peak radiation temperature in the centre is more than 100 eV. The radiation temperatures are also estimated by the 1-D Multi-IFE-Z program.

Identifying and managing patients with prediabetes is important. The study aims to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), β-cell dysfunction, and insulin resistance in nondiabetic Chinese individuals.This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive nondiabetic individuals enrolled between January 2014 and January 2015, divided into NFG [normal fasting glucose, fasting blood glucose (FBG)5.6 mmol/L) and IFG (n = 450; FBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L) groups. Restricted cubic splines and piecewise-regression were used to model the association of IFG, impaired b-cell function, and insulin resistance with BMI. Stratified analyses were performed across sex and age.A total of 900 NFG and 450 IFG individuals were enrolled, with a median age of 41 (30-49) years and 1076 males (79.7%). After adjusting for age and sex, the restricted cubic splines showed that the risk of IFG was increasing rapidly until around 27.96 kg/m² of BMI and then started to plateau afterward (p for non-linearity = 0.010), which was similar in males and individuals ≤ 45 years old (p for nonlinearity0.001 and = 0.007, respectively). The risk of insulin resistance increased and β-cell dysfunction decreased as the BMI increased in all participants (bothp for non-linearity0.05), consistent with the results in males, females, and ≤ 45 and45 year olds.The risk of IFG does not rise linearly as the BMI increases, and higher BMI seems to decelerate the rise of the risk.

Based on the Novachip ultra-thin layer project in the expressway, the material characteristics, mixture design and road performance of Novachip asphalt mixture are introduced. The application effect of Novachip ultra-thin layer was observed. The results show that Novachip ultra-thin layer has no obvious effect on improving the smoothness of the original road surface. Novachip ultra-thin layer has obvious effect on improving the rutting, and has a good anti-skid performance.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a higher prevalence worldwide, and its pathogenesis is not clear. Genetic factors, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia have been proven to be associated with NAFLD. It has not been reported whether the triglyceride glucose index (TyG), which is estimated by triglyceride and fasting glucose, has a relationship with NAFLD in people from North China. Whether the CDKAL1 gene rs10946398 SNP, which has been found to be associated with BMI, has a relationship with TyG and NAFLD is not clear. Methods: We recruited a total of 1,760 subjects in this study, and we measured the clinical characteristics, abdominal ultrasound, and genotype of those participants. Results: The results showed that 527 (29.9%) subjects suffered from NAFLD, the TyG index was associated with NAFLD (OR=5.456, 95% CI (3.526~8.442)), and the CDKAL1 gene rs10946398 SNP has a relationship with NAFLD (OR=1.509, 95% CI (1.046~2.178)). The distribution of the C allele of rs10946398 was statistically significant at different levels of the TyG index. Conclusion: We identified an association between the rs10946398 genotypes of CDKAL1 and NAFLD and the TyG index, and the TyG index was related to the risk of NAFLD.

Background: CaMKIV has been identified as a potential regulator of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and insulin gene expression. However, the mechanism of CaMKIV involved in adipose insulin resistance is not fully understood. Autophagy has to be shown as a potential therapeutic target for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CaMKIV on the ER stress, autophagic function and insulin signaling in tunicamycin induced adipocytes. Methods: In the present study, we first used tunicamycin to establish a cell model of ER stress. Then recombinant CaMKIV and/or targeted-siRNA of CREB and mTOR were added into medium of tunicamycin-induced adipocytes. The ER stress indicators, autophagy activation, mTOR/CREB signaling and insulin sensitivity were analyzed by western blotting or electron microscopy. Results: The results suggested CaMKIV not only reversed tunicamycin-induced ER stress, but also improved impaired insulin sensitivity through regulating abnormal autophagy in adipocytes. Moreover, CaMKIV inhibited activated ER stress and elevated insulin sensitivity in Atg7-/- adipocytes. However, the protective effects of CaMKIV were nullified by suppression of mTOR or CREB in tunicamycin induce adipocytes, suggesting that CaMKIV could inhibit ER stress, suppress autophagy and restore insulin signaling at least partly through mTOR/CREB signaling. Conclusion: We conclude that CaMKIV inhibits ER stress and improves insulin signaling through reduction of autophagy in adipocytes viamTOR/CREB signaling, which could be regarded as novel opportunities for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Background BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are currently proven to be closely related to high lifetime risks of breast cancer. To date, the closely related genes to BRCA1/2 mutations in breast cancer remains to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify the gene expression profiles and interaction networks influenced by BRCA1/2 mutations, so as to reflect underlying disease mechanisms and provide new biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or prognosis. Methods Gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded and combined with cBioPortal website to identify exact breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze some enriched pathways and biological processes associated BRCA mutations. For BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer, wild-type breast cancer and corresponding normal tissues, three independent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were performed to validate potential hub genes with each other. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, survival analysis and diagnostic value assessment helped identify key genes associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. Results The regulation process of cell cycle was significantly enriched in mutant group compared with wild-type group. A total of 294 genes were identified after analysis of DEGs between mutant patients and wild-type patients. Interestingly, by the other two comparisons, we identified 43 overlapping genes that not only significantly expressed in wild-type breast cancer patients relative to normal tissues, but more significantly expressed in BRCA1/2-mutant breast patients. Based on the STRING database and cytoscape software, we constructed a PPI network using 294 DEGs. Through topological analysis scores of the PPI network and 43 overlapping genes, we sought to select some genes, thereby using survival analysis and diagnostic value assessment to identify key genes pertaining to BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer. CCNE1, NPBWR1, A2ML1, EXO1 and TTK displayed good prognostic/diagnostic value for breast cancer and BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer. Conclusion Our research provides comprehensive and new insights for the identification of biomarkers connected with BRCA mutations, availing diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer patients.

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Aims Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is currently considered as the promising cancer therapeutic drug. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis effects of DHA. Main methods Utilizing breast cancer cells MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and BT549, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected. RT-qPCR was performed to detect CIZ1, TGF-β1 and Snail expression, and the interactions of these related molecules were analyzed by GeneMANIA database. Western blot detected CIZ1, TGF-β1/Smads signaling and Snail expression in DHA-treated cells, in TGFβ1-induced cells with enhanced metastatic capacity, and in cells treated with DHA plus TGFβ1/TGFβ1 inhibitor SD-208. Key findings Results indicated DHA inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, with more potent effects compared with that of artemisinin. RT-qPCR and Western blot showed DHA inhibited CIZ1, TGF-β1 and Snail expression, and these molecules were shown to have protein-protein interactions by bioinformatics. Furthermore, TGFβ1-treatment enhanced MCF-7 migration and invasion, and CIZ1, TGF-β1/Smads signaling and snail activities; DHA, SD-208, combination of DHA and SD-208 reversed these conditions, preliminarily proving the cascade regulation between TGF-β1 signaling and CIZ1. MCF-7 xenografts model demonstrated the inhibition of DHA on tumor burden, and its mechanisms and well-tolerance in vivo; combination of DHA and SD-208 tried by us for the first time showed better treatment effects, but possible liver impairment made its use still keep cautious. Significance DHA treatment inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling and CIZ1, suggesting the promising potential of DHA as a well-tolerated antitumor TGF-β1 pathway inhibitor.

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the fiber distribution on the surface of a kind of novel two-color yarn spun by regulating the feeding ratio of two colored rovings on a modified ring spinning frame, which is named the double-channel spinning frame. The surface distribution ratio ( SDR) and the coefficient of variation of surface distribution evenness ( CV sd) of the two colored fiber strands in the yarns was used to quantify the fiber distribution feature along the yarns based on a purpose-made image acquisition device and the corresponding image processing method. The effect of the weight ratio, roving feeding position and spinning method on the mean SDR and CV sd were studied, and the testing results of the Z-twist and S-twist two-color yarns spun by a modified traditional ring spinning frame as well as the yarns spun by a modified compact spinning frame were compared with each other. The fibers of the left-hand roving are more likely to distribute in the surface of Z-twist yarn, while the fibers of the right-hand roving tend to distribute in the surface of S-twist yarn. Four linear fitting equations of the 19.4 tex Z-twist and S-twist two-color ring spun yarns and two-color compact spun yarns were developed to predict the relationships between the mean SDR and weight ratio of two colored fibers.

Based on the nozzle structures of MVS870 and J26, this paper analyzed the influence of the guided needle existence and length on the vortex spinning process and yarn properties. In this research, we compared the airflow pressure and velocity distribution under different guided needle structures in the twisting cavity, combining with the numerical simulation of the fluid dynamics model. The influence of the negative pressure and the airflow velocity changing law on the yarn structure and properties was verified by experiments in this paper. The results show that the existence of the guided needle structure could help the head end of the single fiber get into the center of the yarn with less pulling-out by the high-speed rotating airflow, and then improve the yarn tightness and the yarn binding force on the fibers, which will result in a greater extent, as the length of the guided needle is larger. This study present a feasible theoretical analysis for the influence of the guided needle structure on the vortex spinning process and yarn properties, which has guiding significance in actual production practice.

Under the spinning technology of the air-assisted twisting, this paper established the fiber finite element model, which has the structural and dynamic characteristics of the fiber flexible body, based on the space elastic thin rod unit. In this research, we deduced the static equilibrium equation of the fiber finite element model. The nonlinear geometric displacement large deformation problem of the space elastic thin rod unit was treated by the method of stepwise loading successive approximation, and the finite element simulation and analysis of the fiber flexible body’s movement and deformation during the air-jet twisting were carried out and verified by experiment in this paper. This research presents an effective and feasible theoretical model and method for the flexible fiber twisting formation process and mechanism under the high velocity vortex airflow.

Purpose To investigate the reliability of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in diabetes with mild or moderate renal dysfunction. Methods 668 patients diagnosed with diabetes as DM group and 336 healthy controls as non-DM group were enrolled in this study. DM group was divided into four groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum concentrations of 1,5-AG, fructosamine (FMN) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed via the enzymatic method, the nitro reduction four nitrogen thiazole blue test,high performance liquid chromatography respectively. Results In diabetic Patients with eGFR≥30 mL/min, significant negative association still existed between logarithmic transformed 1,5-AG values (ln1,5-AG) and HbA1c (all P Conclusions 1,5-AG values remain reliable as a glycemic control marker In diabetes with mild or moderate dysfunction. Serum UA was significantly and positively correlated with 1,5-AG levels. HbA1c may be a good biomarker for insulin resistance compared with 1,5-AG and FMN.

This paper introduces a new and flexible spinning method that is modified on a rotor spinning machine. The modification is implemented by a novel mechanical system specially designed to incorporate three separate feed rollers side by side and controlled by servo motors with programmable logic controller (PLC). Using this new method, yarn structure parameters including linear density and blend ratio can be controlled and realized by asynchronous drafted slivers. Sixty-six types of color blended yarns were produced by controlling blending percentages of three basic colored slivers (magenta, yellow, and cyan) by changing the feeding speeds of the slivers respectively with constant yarn linear density and color. Surface morphologies, blending effects, and performances of the yarns were tested and analyzed. In addition, fancy yarns including slub yarn, period melange yarn, gradient melange yarn, and color pointed melange yarn were produced and their longitudinal morphologies were taken. The results demonstrated spinning feasibility and product variety of the three channeled rotor spun process.

In ongoing attempts to generate thermonuclear neutrons with the Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum concept at an 8-MA pulsed power facility, it has become possible to determine an upper limit for the neutron yield. The neutron time-of-flight diagnostic uses thick Pb shields and a specifically formulated fast liquid scintillator coupled to gated photomultiplier tubes to mitigate the hard bremsstrahlung x-ray (HXR) background that would otherwise overwhelm a potential neutron signal, and its suppression gives an upper-limit estimation for the neutron yield. A slow-neutron detector in the form of a BF3 counting system suggests a lower limit to the neutron yield although the early HXR pulse interference requires further confirmation as to whether the subsequent multiple pulses are induced by neutrons. Together, these measurements suggest a neutron-yield upper limit of 1.1×107.

Rotor spun composite yarn shows compound performances when combined with staple fibres and filaments, such as excellent hand feeling as well as extreme elasticity and strength. Air characteristics including pressure and speed are critical factors of the rotor spun composite yarn spinning process. In this paper, air flow characteristics in a rotor composite yarn spinning unit are simulated and analysed by Ansys, and then verified by experiments. The results show that with the same spinning conditions, static pressure within the filament guide tube is lowest: -9 kPa and in rotor around -5 kPa. The speed of the airstream accelerates from the transfer channel inlet to the outlet, and reaches the largest value of 386 m/s at the outlet. As the rotor speed increases, the airflow velocity increases; the static pressure decreases; the breaking strength and CV of the composite yarn increase, and the breaking elongation and hairiness decrease according to the experiment results.

Accidental marine oil discharge causes severe environmental pollution and thus remediation is essential. However, the removal and recycling of the spilled oil using economical and highly efficient methods are still major challenges. In this work, an oil absorbent of corn straw fibers (CSF) were prepared via a one-step direct modification with hydrophobic octyltrimethoxylsilane (OTS). With the surface modification, the CSF exhibited both superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, and the contact angles of water and oil on the as-prepared samples were 156 ± 1° and 0°, respectively. Owing to the oleophilicity and hydrophobicity features of the CSF, it could be used to selectively absorb oil in water. The adsorption capacity of the as-prepared absorbents for diesel oil, the recyclability, and the reaction mechanism between OTS and the CSF were investigated in detail. The oil absorbent could still remain superhydrophobic even after eleven successive cycles of oil-water separation. With the characteristics of easy biodegradability, durability, and recyclability, as well as the facile procedures involved, oil absorbent of CSF prepared by direct OTS-modification is expected to be used for oil spill cleanup and recovery.

Multilayer solar selective absorbing coatings of Cu/Ti/SiO 2 /Ti/TiO 2 /SiO 2 were designed first and then deposited on quartz substrates using the magnetron sputtering method. The thicknesses of the individual layers were optimized to achieve high solar absorptance, while the colors were designed with the TFCalc optical design software. The colors of the coatings including purple, blue, blue green, yellow green and orange yellow were prepared based on the designed parameter. The colored solar selective absorbing coatings exhibit solar absorptance higher than 0.95 and thermal emissivity lower than 0.09 at 80 °C. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the Cu/Ti/SiO 2 /Ti/TiO 2 /SiO 2 coatings was studied by annealing at high temperature in vacuum and in air for 2 h. The X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and spectrophotometry were used to characterize properties of the coatings. The results showed that the multilayer solar selective absorbing coatings were thermally stable at 450 °C in vacuum and 300 °C in air for 2 h, which may provide an instruction to design and fabricate high performance colored solar selective absorbing coatings.

The thermonuclear yield from deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility is diagnosed by Ag activation and neutron time-of-flight (nTOF). However, both detector systems suffer from an excessive bremsstrahlung background. Tests on the Ag activation system suggest that the facility may produce such an intense super-MeV x-ray background that the resulting photonuclear-excitation reactions can overwhelm the potential neutron signal. In the nTOF detectors, the high bremsstrahlung background generates such an excessive afterglow in the scintillator that confirming any thermonuclear yield may require a liquid scintillator with a much lower afterglow together with a gated photomultiplier.

Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum experiments have been carried out at the Julong-1 facility by imploding a nested tungsten wire array, which is configured with 20/10 mm diameter and 168/84 wires of 6.0 μm in diameter for the outer/inner array, onto a 10 mg/cc C15H20O6 foam converter with a radius of 2.3 mm. Detailed processes of shock formation, propagation, and radiation transfer of dynamic hohlraum were experimentally observed using an on-axis x-ray imaging system with simultaneous dual spectral channels. When the wire array plasma impacts onto the foam converter, thermalization of kinetic energy at the interaction zone generates a shock that propagates inward. The energy dissipated by imploding plasmas increases gradually, resulting in the strengthening of shock wave and finally the formation of the main radiating shock. During the propagating period of radiating shock, thermal radiation gradually transfers into the inner region, and a uniform hohlraum is produced when the main shock arrives at a radius of 0.8 mm in the experiments at the Julong-1 facility. The experimental results first describe the physics of about 100 eV hohlraum formations and may extend our understanding of Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums for future inertial confinement fusion applications.