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Abstract To further elucidate the variations of secondary oxidation spontaneous combustion risk of lignite under different air flows and immersion time. Secondary oxidation experiments of short-term water-immersed coal and long-term water-immersed coal were conducted under four air flows. The results show that, the presence of a temperature inflection point during primary oxidation process, when coal temperature exceeds it, both the oxygen consumption rate and heat release intensity of long-term water-immersed coal are lower, furthermore, decrease in air flow leads to reduction in the temperature inflection point. The oxygen consumption rate and heat release intensity during the primary oxidation process exceed those observed during the subsequent secondary oxidation process. In the secondary oxidation process, long-term water-immersed coal exhibits higher rates of oxygen consumption and heat release intensity compared to short-term water-immersed coal. Additionally, the oxygen-consuming activation energy for oxygen consumption of long-term water-immersed coal is lower. The increase in air flow and water immersion time generally leads to the extreme value of the limit parameters, such as the local maximum of minimal thickness of residual coal and the lower limit oxygen fraction, the local minimum of the maximal air leakage intensity develops in the direction of increasing the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in goaf.

English proficiency is essential for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) majors to maintain strong connections with the international academic community and promote global academic interaction. However, the English instruction effect was not optimal due to large class sizes, limited class time and learning resources, less interaction, or outdated teaching and evaluation methods (Wang, 2016; Ren, 2017; Chen & Liang, 2020; Liu, 2022). This study aimed to investigate the impact of the blended-ESP instructional model (BEIM) on fostering students’ English proficiency as well as explore their attitudes and perspectives on the implementation of BEIM. The participants were 73 second-year TCM majors enrolled in the TCM English course at a TCM university in China. The instruments were pre- and post-tests, a questionnaire, and an interview. The data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, segmented analysis, and thematic analysis. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of BEIM on fostering students’ English proficiency for the significant differences between the scores before and after implementing BEIM at 0.000 (P= 0.000). The results of the questionnaire and interview also revealed students’ positive attitudes and perspectives on BEIM. Students’ self-disciplinary, English proficiency, and national culture awareness and confidence should be highlighted when conducting blended-ESP instruction.

English proficiency is essential for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) majors to maintain strong connections with the international academic community and promote global academic interaction. However, the English instruction effect was not optimal due to large class sizes, limited class time and learning resources, less interaction, or outdated teaching and evaluation methods (Wang, 2016; Ren, 2017; Chen & Liang, 2020; Liu, 2022). This study aimed to investigate the impact of the blended-ESP instructional model (BEIM) on fostering students’ English proficiency as well as explore their attitudes and perspectives on the implementation of BEIM. The participants were 73 second-year TCM majors enrolled in the TCM English course at a TCM university in China. The instruments were pre- and post-tests, a questionnaire, and an interview. The data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, segmented analysis, and thematic analysis. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of BEIM on fostering students’ English proficiency for the significant differences between the scores before and after implementing BEIM at 0.000 (P= 0.000). The results of the questionnaire and interview also revealed students’ positive attitudes and perspectives on BEIM. Students’ self-disciplinary, English proficiency, and national culture awareness and confidence should be highlighted when conducting blended-ESP instruction.

This study explores the antifungal properties of Agaricus blazei Murrill, a valuable medicinal and edible fungus. Six compounds (1–6) were first isolated from A. blazei using various isolation techniques and identified using spectroscopic methods. These compounds include linoleic acid, 1,1′-oxybis(2,4-di-tert-butylbenzene), glycerol monolinoleate, volemolide (17R)-17-methylincisterol, (24s)-ergosta-7-en-3-ol, and dibutyl phthalate. This study also assesses the antifungal activities of these compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophology, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. The results demonstrate varied sensitivities against these pathogenic fungi, with compound 2 showing significant inhibition against T. mentagrophology, compound 3 showing significant inhibition against T. rubrum, and compound 6 showing significant inhibition against C. albicans. This study underscores the medicinal potential of A. blazei as an antifungal agent and sheds light on its valuable research implications.

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is an extracellular antioxidant, selenium transporter, and hepatokine interfering with glucose and lipid metabolism. To study the association between the circulating SELENOP concentration and glucose and lipid metabolic diseases (GLMDs), including gestational diabetes (GD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, as well as the individual markers, a meta-analysis was conducted by searching multiple databases from their establishment through March 2022 and including 27 articles published between October 2010 and May 2021, involving 4033 participants. Participants with GLMDs had higher levels of SELENOP than those without GLMDs (standardized mean difference = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.16 to 1.51), and the SELENOP levels were positively correlated with the markers of GLMDs (pooled effect size = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.15). Subgroup analyses showed that the SELENOP concentrations were higher in women with GD and lower in individuals with MetS than their counterparts, respectively. Moreover, SELENOP was positively correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with the other markers of GLMDs. Thus, the heterogenicity derived from diseases or disease markers should be carefully considered while interpreting the overall positive association between SELENOP and GLMDs. Studies with a larger sample size and advanced design are warranted to confirm these findings.

As an important moiety in natural products, N,O-acetal has attracted wide attention in the past few years. An efficient method to construct N,O-acetal has been developed. Using silver catalyst, cyclobutenediones were smoothly converted to the corresponding γ-aminobutenolides in the presence of formamides, in which cyclobutenediones likely proceed with a key decarbonylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition process. In this way, a series of products with varied substituents were isolated in moderate yield and fully characterized.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an extremely rare hematological malignancy with a highly aggressive behavior and median survival of

In the title complex, [Co(C20H22N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·2C3H7NO, the CoII ion is coordinated by two sets of two N atoms and an O atom from two independent tridendate ligands in a distorted octahedral coordination environment. There are significant differences between chemically equivalent coordination bond lengths. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance 3.495 (1) Å]. In one of the anions one nitro group is rotationally disordered about the C—N bond with refined occupancies of 0.524 (8) and 0.476 (8).

In the title compound, [Co(C16H14N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·3CH3CN, the CoII ion is located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis and is coordinated in a slightly distorted tetrahedral environment by four N atoms from the two bidentate N-heterocycles. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds. One of the acetonitrile solvent molecules also lies on a twofold rotation axis.

In the title compound, [Ni(C30H26N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·2C3H7NO·0.25CH3CH2OH, the NiII ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by four N atoms and two O atoms from two tridendate 1,3-bis(1-benzyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxapropane ligands. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance 3.501 (3) Å]. As well as the cation, two anions and two dimethylformamide solvent molecules, the asymmetric unit also contains an ethanol solvent molecule with 0.25 occupancy.

In the title compound, [Zn(C30H26N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·2C3H7NO, the ZnII ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment involving four equatorial N atoms and two O atoms in axial sites. The dihedral angles between the benzimidazole ring system and the phenyl rings in each of the benzylbenzimidazole units are 78.56 (12), 81.68 (11), 75.76 (10) and 85.78 (9)°. In the crystal structure, there are weak but significant intermolecular π–π stacking interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.685 (1) and 3.978 (1) Å.

In the title compound, C19H13N5·3CH4O, the 2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)pyridine molecule is essentially planar with an r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms of 0.185 Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O—H...O, O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak π...π stacking interactions with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6675 (16) and 3.6891 (15) Å. The atoms of one of the methanol solvent molecules are disordered over two sites with refined occupancies of 0.606(8) and 0.394(8).

The title molecule, C16H14N4O, lies on a crystallographic inversion center. The –CH2– groups and the O atom are disordered over two sites with equal occupancy, the disorder of the O atom being symmetry imposed. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001) via intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C30H26N4O, the dihedral angle between the two benzimidazole rings is 69.35 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the benzimidazole ring system and the phenyl ring are 76.79 (12) and 86.10 (11)° in the two benzylbenzimidazole moieties.

In the title compound, [Cu(C16H14N4O)2](C6H2N3O7)2·4C3H7NO, the CuII ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center and is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by four N atoms and two O atoms forming two long Cu—O bonds. One of the unique dimethylformamide solvent molecules is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.715 (6) and 0.285 (6). The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title complex, [Zn(C3H3O2)(C27H27N7)](ClO4)·C3H7NO·1.5CH4O, the ZnII ion is five-coordinated by four N atoms from a tris(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (Mentb) ligand and one O atom from an acrylate ligand in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry with approximate molecular C3 symmetry. The atoms of the acrylate ligand are disordered over two sites, with approximate occupancies of 0.84 and 0.16. In addition, a methanol solvent molecule is disordered over two sites with equal occupancies. In the crystal structure, the full-occupancy methanol is linked to a dimethylformamide molecule by an intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond.

In the title complex, [Zn(C7H5O3)(C27H27N7)]ClO4·1.5C3H7NO, the ZnII atom is five-coordinated by four N atoms from a tris(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine ligand and one O atom from a salicylate ligand in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry (τ parameter = 0.84), with approximate molecular C3 symmetry. One dimethylformamide molecule lies on a general position and is disordered over two coplanar orientations with equal occupancy. A second dimethylformamide molecule is disordered about a twofold rotation axis.

In the title complex, [Cu(C7H5O3)(C27H27N7)]ClO4·2C3H7NO, the CuII ion is five-coordinated by four N atoms from the tris(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine ligand and an O atom of the monodentate salicylate ligand. The N4O donor set defines a coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal–bipyramidal. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...O interactions. The atoms of the aromatic ring of the salicylate ligand are disordered over two sites of equal occupancy. In addition, one of the dimethylformamide solvent molecules is partially disordered over two positions, of approximately equal occupancy.

This study proposed a method for detecting lameness in dairy cows based on machine vision, addressing the challenges associated with manual detection. Data from a dairy farm in Taigu, Shanxi, China were collected and divided into two parts. The first part was utilized to precisely position the cow's back by employing a dedicated deep learning model named GhostNet_YOLOv4, which can be implemented on mobile or embedded devices. The second part was used with the Visual Background Extractor (Vibe) algorithm, incorporating additional morphological processing techniques. Enhancing the Vibe algorithm, a widely used background subtraction algorithm for image sequences, achieved more accurate recognition of the specific pixel areas of cows. Subsequently, cow shape-related feature parameters were extracted from the back area using the combined approach. These parameters were used to calculate the average curvature, which describes the degree of curvature of the cow's back contour during walking. The differences in curvature values were employed for classification to detect lameness. Through extensive experimentation, distinct average curvature ranges of [-0.025, -0.125], [-0.025, +∞], and [-∞, -0.125] were established for normal cows, early lameness, and moderate-severe lameness, respectively. The algorithm's effectiveness was validated by processing 600 image sequences of dairy cows, resulting in a lameness detection accuracy of 91.67%. These findings can serve as a reference for the timely and accurate recognition of lameness in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]