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In the current debates on sea migration there is a dearth of works drawing on the rule of law. This important book addresses this failing.Considering the question from that conceptual framework, it is able to broaden the sometimes fragmented and incomplete perspective of existing scholarship. The book takes as its central case study the experience of Italy, exploring the legal issues at play there and its institutional practices and policies. From here its focus broadens out to the wider EU experience, looking in particular at those problems common to southern EU states, such as failures and delays in assisting migrants in distress at sea and contested legal grounds and practices concerning interceptions at sea. It combines both legal and empirical data, charting both the black letter law and how it operates in practice. In a field as complex as this, this clarity is key; it allows lawyers, political scientists and policymakers to truly engage with the challenges sea migration poses today.

Providing perspectives from different fields of study such as public policy and politics as well as legal analysis, this book highlights the rule of law as a fundamental value of the European Union, and examines how this is implemented throughout the Member States. The Rule of Law Under Threat explores empirical evidence and quantitative methods for studying the dynamics of this imperative legal principle in interdisciplinary research. Internationally renowned experts consider the rule of law in the context of previous and future accessions to the EU in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, with particular focus on Hungary as one of the most recent and notorious cases of rule of law deficits in the EU. Finally, the book analyses the legal and political toolbox that the EU has at its disposal to counter the erosion of rule of law standards, including the Article 7 procedure, as well as strategies which recognise specific national discourses on and perceptions of the rule of law. Students and scholars in constitutional and administrative law, European law, law and politics, and legal history will benefit from this book's multidisciplinary approach to the rule of law. It is also an essential resource for practitioners and decision-makers in EU nations as well as candidate countries.

With the promise of greater efficiency and effectiveness, public authorities have increasingly turned to algorithmic systems to regulate and govern society. In Algorithmic Rule By Law, Nathalie Smuha examines this reliance on algorithmic regulation and shows how it can erode the rule of law. Drawing on extensive research and examples, Smuha argues that outsourcing important administrative decisions to algorithmic systems undermines core principles of democracy. Smuha further demonstrates that this risk is far from hypothetical or one that can be confined to authoritarian regimes, as many of her examples are drawn from public authorities in liberal democracies that are already making use of algorithmic regulation. Focusing on the European Union, Smuha argues that the EU's digital agenda is misaligned with its aim to protect the rule of law. Novel and timely, this book should be read by anyone interested in the intersection of law, technology and government.

This book analyses the EU rule of law instruments from the perspective of the academic, inter- and intra-institutional dissensus at the EU level. The angle of analysis proposed by this book allows to detect the sources of dissensus inherent in the design of the EU rule of law toolbox and in their enforcement. The proliferation of the instruments, without any major efforts of systematization, seems to be part of the problem, with a series of overlaps. At the same time, especially in the post-pandemic context, the procedures implementing the various EU rule of law tools have become more and more intertwined, so that it becomes difficult to disentangle one from the other in terms of effects. The book thus feed the debate on the strengths and deficiencies of the EU rule of law toolbox ten years after the first ad hoc measures were adopted, also offering some recommendations on how to turn dissensus into constructive mechanisms to improve the management of the rule of law in the EU.

The publication is a collection of research articles that provide an insight to mnemonic governance – a process of shaping the shared social imaginary of the past by legislators, courts, scholars and other actors. This phenomenon can be observed as an element of political discourse or as changes in law consolidating certain officially recognized states. The contributions in this volume offer a political, legal and historical analysis of transitional justice legislation, emerging memory laws, and the societal perception of the past. With this publication, we intend to contribute to the ongoing and changing debate surrounding memory politics and highlight the practical consequences of mnemonic governance.

The European Union's values - enshrined in Article 2 TEU - have come under severe pressure in several Member States. In response, the Court of Justice has set a spectacular development in motion. With its ruling in Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses it activated the Union's common values and positioned Article 2 TEU at the very heart of its jurisprudence. Turning Article 2 TEU into an operational, judicially applicable provision, the Court has begun to assess the Member States'constitutional structures against these yardsticks. Since then, the jurisprudence has evolved with remarkable speed. EU Values Before the Court of Justice provides a first comprehensive study of the judicial mobilisation of Article 2 TEU. It starts by developing the foundations of this emerging jurisprudence in empirical, doctrinal, and theoretical terms. In this book, Spieker seeks to advance a new understanding of Article 2. He argues that the provision should be understood as having a dual character that resonates between two dimensions, namely an EU dimension limited to the EU legal order and a'Verbund'dimension that extends to the common whole of the Union and its Member States. Article 2 plays different roles in these two spheres - as thick constitutional core of the EU legal order and as thin constitutional frame for the'Verbund'. This dual character should guide the provision's future judicial development. The book sets out to explore the multifaceted potential of Article 2 TEU in each of these two dimensions. As such, it goes far beyond the current focus on illiberal developments in Member States and strives to broaden our horizon for the judicial mobilisation of EU values. The book closes by assessing the risks of placing an activated Article 2 into the hands of Luxembourg judges and proposes ways to recalibrate the jurisprudence.

This book explores the question of how the EU understands the ‘rule of law'in its external relations, with a particular focus on development cooperation and enlargement. Although the EU's commitment to the rule of law is strong, the relevant concept remains nebulous. On the basis of a detailed analysis of two key EU external policy areas, the main argument advanced is that the Union has adopted a mostly ‘institutional'approach to the concept by focussing largely on judicial reform. By testing the relevant practice against the background of the constitutional traditions of the Member States and legal theory, the book attests to the significance of developing a comprehensive approach to the rule of law in EU external relations.

This book offers an authentic and original perspective on the principles of solidarity and rule of law that are variously interconnected and increasingly invoked in international relations and affairs, especially in the context of the European Union, where they are among the founding values common to all Member States.The innovative approach the authors adopt consists in the joint reading of these two principles within the broader framework of EU security, thus offering a new interpretation and fertile ground for further research.Divided into four parts, the authors consider EU security to be linked to the implementation of both these principles, particularly with regard to EU stabilization and enlargement to the Western Balkans, cross-border security, migration and asylum management, criminal justice and human rights, and police and judicial cooperationThe contributions of eminent scholars, international experts,and practitioners are the book's greatest strength. In addition, it offers a valuable new perspective on the study of contemporary issues affecting the Western Balkans, but also all Member States and the Union itself. Therefore, the book is an essential resource for students and scholars of EU law, but also for lawyers and professionals involved in criminal proceedings or working in the field of human rights.

This timely book scrutinises the mechanisms for guaranteeing respect for the rule of law in the European legal system. Focusing on external relations, it assesses the capacity of the EU to disseminate these values as a global actor and offers novel suggestions for how this capacity could be exercised more effectively.Using EU legislation and case law, the book identifies the essential elements of the rule of law, and distinguishes the general limits it places on the behaviour of public authorities. Focusing on EU sanctions, trade policy and relations with neighbouring and membership candidate countries, it argues that the EU's promotion of the rule of law internally and externally has strengthened considerably over time. Nevertheless, given the degradation of the rule of law on the international scene, contributors call for an overhaul of EU rule of law policy to uphold the EU's ethical commitments and strengthen its international standing.This book will be an important read for scholars and students of European law, trade law and international relations. Presenting detailed analyses of EU policy and case law, it will also be highly useful for practitioners and policy-makers seeking to promote human rights and democracy.

The Concept of European Values: Creating a New Narrative for Europe offers a philosophical analysis of the concept of European values from its origin to the present day. This book rethinks European values in light of the crises—economic, political, migration, identity, and pandemic—that the European Union (EU) has faced from 2008 until today and analyzes EU initiatives to create a new narrative for Europe. Sanja Ivic reexamines the concept of European values as well as the philosophical and political assumptions on which this concept is based. In times of crisis, the EU has shown a lack of solidarity. As evidenced by Brexit, the migration crisis, and the pandemic crisis, the EU is experiencing a clash of national and postnational norms and values. Ivic argues that the EU did not react in accordance with the supranational values and principles on which it is based, as stated in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union: respect for democracy, human dignity, freedom, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. Its reaction to these crises shows a turn from postnational values (which the EU advocated as a supranational political community) to nationalist paradigms.

This book analyses the challenges facing the European Union through the frame of the rule of law. It shows how over the last decades the increased dissensus and contestation of the rule of law has given rise to heightened tensions between national and EU institutions, leading to the establishment of new soft and hard policy tools to safeguard it at the supranational level. The book proposes a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the current state of debates by exploring how EU institutional actors seek to uphold the Union's values. It shows that European integration in core state powers is the outcome of the clash between liberal and anti-liberal ideas, between dissensus and contestation over how collective problems should be solved, in a community of voices featuring assent and dissent, all of which give democracy its substance. Beyond the analysis of the emerging EU's rule of law policy, the book will help readersto better understand the EU's fragilities and resilience and the potential challenges for the future of EU integration.

This timely book explores the complexities of the EU's international economic relations in the context of its commitment to the rule of law both within the Union and internationally. It does so from three main standpoints: the ‘autonomy'of the EU and judicial dialogue, the rule of law through treaty drafting, and the role of international courts and tribunals in upholding the rule of law.Bringing together diverse perspectives from both EU and international law scholars and practitioners, the book investigates some of the most controversial and lively issues in the field of EU external relations, such as the relationship between EU law and international investment arbitration. The contributions consider how dialogue between EU law and international law can enhance the rule of law, providing an analysis of legal issues that also offers concrete tools for overcoming the challenges that arise from them.Scholars and practitioners working in EU external relations, constitutional EU law, and public international law will find this book to be essential reading. Its critical approach will also be of great interest to policymakers in Europe and beyond.

This book looks into the evolution and current state of the rule of law in the European Union (EU). The thirtieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall is chosen as a natural moment of stocktaking; assessing the progress made since the beginning of the democratic reforms in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), but also critically analysing recent tendencies of rule of law backsliding and open revolt against liberal-democratic values in individual EU Member States. The volume is partly retrospective in that it reflects on the challenges of the post-communist transition and the process of Eastward Enlargement of the Union. Yet it is also prospective, in so far as it reviews the variety of novel mechanisms for strengthening rule of law enforcement in the EU and gauges their potential for bringing sustainable, positive change in this regard. All chapters are written by experienced scholars and practitioners in the field of EU law and policy.

In our daily lives, the rule of law matters more than anything and yet remains an invisible presence. We trust in the rule of law to protect us from governmental overreach, mafia godfathers, or the will of the majority. We take the rule of law for granted, often failing to recognize its demise—until it is too late. For under attack it is, not only in the growing number of authoritarian countries around the world but in Europe, too. As a citizen's guide, this book explains in plain language what the rule of law is, why it matters, and why we have to defend it. The starting point is to ask why EU efforts to promote the rule of law in candidate countries have succeeded or failed, and what this tells us about what is happening inside the EU. The authors move on to suggest ways of strengthening the rule of law in Europe and beyond. This book is a call to action in defense of the most precious human invention of all time.

This book unveils the potential of utilizing EU Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) as an instrument of promoting the rule of law to third states. In doing so, the book combines development economics, foreign policy and legal perspectives at three levels of analysis of four sectors to introduce the concept of'EU value-promoting RTAs'. The book demonstrates that the EU RTAs bear considerable potential to be strategized as instruments of promoting the rule of law in third states, requiring, however, overcoming strict divides between EU political and economic cooperation, and values and acquis conditionality in its relations with third countries. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Studies, European Union Law, EU external action/foreign policy, EU trade agreements and Development Studies, as well as to NGOs and think tanks that work on European affairs.

In the US and EU, legal analysis in competition cases is conducted on a case-by-case approach. This approach assesses each particular practice for both its legality and its welfare effects. While this analytic method has the merits of'getting the result right'by, inter alia, reducing error costs in antitrust adjudication, it comes at a cost of certainty, predictability and clarity in the legal principles which govern antitrust law. This is a rule of law concern. This is the first book to explore this tension between Europe's'More Economic Approach', the US's Rule of Reason, and the Rule of Law. The tension manifests itself in the assumptions in and choice of analytic method; the institutional agents driving this effects based approach and their competency to use and assess the results of the methodology they demand; and, the nature and stability of the legal principles used in modern effects-based competition analysis. The book forcefully argues that this approach to competition law represents a threat to the rule of law. Competition, Effects and Predictability will be of interest to European and American competition law scholars and practitioners, legal historians, policy makers and members of the judiciary.

This study analyses the modern EU counter-terrorism trends, focusing on two parallel axes: (a) the repressive one, where new criminal offences related to terrorist activity (receiving training for terrorism, terrorist financing, travelling and facilitating travelling for the purpose of terrorism) have been instituted, and (b) the preventive one, where establishing a framework of provisions aiming to deter terrorist financing prevails. After critically evaluating EU's interventions in both axes, the study concludes by noting a ‘paradigm shift'between repression and prevention in the field of countering terrorism, while suggesting proposals on a transposition of Directive (EU) 2017/541 into national legislations that adheres to the fundamental EU law principles, and a preventive control over terrorist financing that abides by the rule of law.

The European Union is at a crossroads. Slowly recovering from a series of financial and economic crises, with trust fundamentally shaken by processes of disaggregation and increasingly nationalist politics, it is searching for new visions that are at once inspiring and workable. In its White Paper of 1 March 2017, the Commission proposed five non-exclusive options for the Future of Europe. As put by the Commission, the five scenarios are illustrative in nature to provoke thinking. They are not detailed blueprints or policy prescriptions. Likewise, they deliberately make no mention of legal or institutional processes – the form will follow the function. This book takes the current state of the Union seriously. However, it aims to debate not only the political vision of Europe, but also the issue of legal integration beyond Brexit. Apart from addressing the institutional challenges for the EU, the contributions to this volume focus on two key areas: rule of law and security. Rule of law and security are not only paradigmatic for the future of Europe but are also closely connected to a particular vision of Europe based on'integration through law'; a vision that has been strongly contested in recent years. The overarching question is: how can sustainable political and legal integration be achieved in Europe? The volume builds on a conference organised by the Swedish Network for European Legal Studies in November 2017 and includes chapters by leading scholars in the field from the Nordic countries and wider Europe.

This book takes a wide-ranging approach to tackle the complex question of the current state of constitutional democracy in the EU. It brings together a broad set of academics and practitioners with legal and political perspectives to focus on both topical and perennial issues concerning constitutional democracy (including safeguarding the rule of law and respect for fundamental rights) in theory and practice, primarily at EU level but also with due regard to national and global developments. This approach underlines that rather than a single problématique to be analysed and resolved, we are presently facing a kaleidoscopic spectrum of related challenges that influence each other in elusive, multifaceted ways. Critical Reflections on Constitutional Democracy in the European Union offers a rich analysis of the issues as well as concrete policy recommendations, which will appeal to scholars and practitioners, students and interested citizens alike. It provides a meaningful contribution to the array of existing scholarship and debate by proposing original elements of analysis, challenging often-made assumptions, destabilising settled understandings and proposing fundamental reforms. Overall, the collection injects a set of fresh critical perspectives on this fundamental issue that is as contemporary as it is eternal.

For almost a decade the European Union has been stuck in a permanent crisis. Starting with domestic constitutional crises, followed by an imported financial crisis, it has evolved into a fully formed political crisis. This book argues that none of the crises are exclusively internal to the EU and the responses to date, which have taken inward looking approaches, are simply inadequate. Resolution can only come when the EU engages more fully with transnational law. This highly topical book offers an innovative dual focus on both transnational and EU law together. It sets out the relationship between the two frameworks by exploring practical concrete problems that transnational law has posed to the EU. These problems are explored from the perspective of four key tenets of both systems, namely the rule of law, democracy, the protection of human rights, and justice. It does this by advancing the theoretical framework of principled legal pluralism. In so doing it offers clear normative guidance as to how the relationship between EU and transnational law should be developed and fostered.

Anlass dieser Untersuchung ist ein obiter dictum des BVerfG im Honeywell-Beschluss: Kann der Bürger Ersatz eines Schadens vom Staat verlangen, der ihm daraus entstanden ist, dass er auf den rückwirkenden Bestand der Gesetzeslage vertraut und in diesem Vertrauen vermögenswirksame Dispositionen getätigt hat? Die Arbeit analysiert, in welchen Fallkonstellationen ein Vertrauensschaden aufgrund unionsrechtlicher Gebotenheit einer rückwirkenden Anpassung durch die Legislative und die Judikative entstehen kann. Insbesondere wird erörtert, ob eine Integration einer solchen Haftung für legislatives Unrecht in das nationale Staatshaftungssystem de lege lata oder de lege ferenda möglich ist und ob unionsrechtliche Wertungen einem mitgliedsstaatlichen Haftungsanspruch entgegenstehen.

This book provides a detailed analysis of the legal framework in which the energy trade between the European Union and the Russian Federation has been conducted. Using case studies of eight member states, it critically examines the EU's ability and the duty of its Member States to conduct their external energy trade in accordance with the principle of solidarity. Providing a comprehensive analysis of the principle of solidarity as provided in the acquis communautaire of the EU, the book critically analyses the legal framework pertaining to EU-Russia energy trade to ascertain whether, and to what extent, it satisfies the requirements of the rule of law.

Die Werte der Europäischen Union werden insbesondere durch das Verfahren des Art. 7 EUV vor systemischen Gefahren geschützt. Die Vorschrift erlaubt es in letzter Konsequenz, den betreffenden Mitgliedstaaten erhebliche Sanktionen aufzuerlegen. Als ultima ratio kommt sogar die Aussetzung des Stimmrechts in Betracht. Während die herkömmliche Betrachtung der Norm davon ausgeht, dass es sich um einen Sonderfall des Vertragsverletzungsverfahrens handelt, werden in diesem Band die Elemente des Tatbestandes herausgearbeitet, die für einen deliktischen Anspruch der Union gegen den vertragsbrüchigen Mitgliedstaat sprechen. Diese auf den ersten Blick ungewöhnliche Sicht auf Art. 7 EUV hat vor allem den analytischen Vorteil, die einzelnen Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen in ihrer ganzen Tragweite vor allem mit Blick auf die Rechtsfolgen besser verstehen zu können.Mit Beiträgen vonEwa Baginska | Sylwia Majkowska-Szulz | Gavin Barret | Tomás Dumbrovsky | Andreas Haratsch | Aalt Willem Heringa | Ulrich Magnus | Matthias Niedobitek | Michael Potacs | Laurent Sermet | Lubos Tichy | Mirosław Wyrzykowski | Jiri Zemanek

This is a book about the internal dimension of the rule of law in the European Union (EU). The EU is a community based on law which adheres to and promotes a set of common values between the Member States. The preservation of these values (such as legality, legal certainty, prohibition of arbitrariness, respect for fundamental rights) is pivotal to the success of European integration and the well-being of the individuals within it. Yet, the EU rule of law suffers from an imposter syndrome and has been the subject of criticism: ie that it is only part of the EU agenda in order to legitimise sweeping new powers and policies, and that it plays little or no role in promoting a culture of compliance for either deviant EU Institutions or for Member States. This book will examine whether the EU rule of law deserves those criticisms. It will offer an analytical guide to the EU rule of law by conceptualising it and locating it within the sources of EU law. It will then ask whether the EU is based on the rule of law - a question which is answered in the affirmative, but one which has to be considered in the context of compliance and the overall effectiveness of the EU enforcement acquis. It is argued that while the EU means well in its aim to preserve unity in an increasingly diversified Europe, the extent to which it can pave the way to a better world (based on a transnational rule of law concept akin to good governance and improvement of citizens'lives) is dependent on the commitment of all European integration stakeholders to the EU project.

Do EU institutions have an influence on the implementation of the rule of law in potential candidate countries and, if so, of what kind? During the compliance monitoring process related to the effective rule of law and democracy the EU Commission tests and criticizes the effectiveness of the judiciary and strengthens the rule of law in preparation for accession. In the Western Balkans this was a process fraught with difficulties. Despite the fact that academic scholarship and democratic politics agree on rule of law as a legitimizing principle for the exercise of state authority, there is no uniform European standard for institution-building or monitoring activities by the EU in this area. With focus on the reform of the judiciary in five case study countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia, this empirical research investigates the EU's transformative power with regard to the effectiveness of rule of law and judicial sector reform in its infancy. It analyses the depth and limitations of EU rule of law promotion in the Western Balkans and presents policy recommendations intended to address the shortcomings in judiciary reform.This book aims to fill the gap in the existing academic scholarship of EU politics, law and Western Balkans literature.

Der Reader'Governance and Regulation in the EU'spiegelt den Schwerpunkt des Zentrums für Europäische Integrationsforschung (ZEI) in Forschung und Lehre. „Regieren und Regulieren in der EU“ vereint die beiden Aspekte, deren Zusammenspiel die EU in ihren Auswirkungen auf das Leben der Bürger und auf ihre Rolle weltweit maßgeblich prägt. Regieren legitimiert Regulieren und Regulieren ist notwendig, um das Funktionieren des EU-Binnenmarktes sicherzustellen. Das Werk eröffnet interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf die Union und bietet tiefere Einblicke in den zunehmend komplexen Prozess der europäischen Integration. Zu den Autoren gehören renommierte Wissenschaftler und Sachgebietsexperten, die im „Master of European Studies – Governance and Regulation“, dem Postgraduierten-Studiengang des ZEI, lehren.

Respect for the'rule of law'is, according to Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, a value on which the Union is founded and a prerequisite for the accession of new Member States. However in some Member States there are deficiencies as regards the independence of the justice system or other aspects of the rule of law, and on several occasions the Union has been confronted with a rule of law crisis. In order to address this problem the book elucidates the principal elements of a common European rule of law in a global context, and explores the different mechanisms and instruments appropriate to safeguard the rule of law and to address future rule of law crises in the Member States.The book brings together contributions from renowned academics, high-ranking professionals and experts in the fields of European law, public international law and constitutional law.

L'ordre juridique constitutionnel, l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne et l'ordre qui se dégage progressivement de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme, malgré leurs différences, sont étroitement liés. Toutefois, cette relation ne se traduit pas en une fusion. Il importe donc d'appréhender les rapports entre ces trois ordres en termes d'interdépendance mais aussi de concurrence. Si la complexité des rapports entre les trois ordres étudiés paraît indéniable, il y a lieu de mettre en avant les moyens institutionnels et procéduraux qui permettent de privilégier la complémentarité et d'atténuer la concurrence entre eux.

The present collection of essays offers the reader a broad range of original perspectives on democracy and the rule of law in the European Union, approaching the existing policy area from new points of view. Leading experts from different countries and backgrounds focus on how democracy and the rule of law are related to topics like security, pension rights, judicial cooperation and human rights protection. Their expert views are based on a combination of theory and knowledge acquired in their practice as academics or practitioners in the field of European integration..The issue of the rule of law and democracy is close to the heart of Professor Jaap de Zwaan, a true European, building bridges between countries and peoples. He has written extensively on the subject of European integration. Therefore, this collection of expert views is not only an original and valuable contribution to the literature and discussion on the development and enlargement of the European Union, but at the same time it is a tribute to Jaap de Zwaan, whose academic and diplomatic career can be characterized as always serving “an ever closer Union”.Flora Goudappel is Jean Monnet Professor of EU Trade Law in the Overseas Territories at the Erasmus University Rotterdam and a consultant on European Union law Ernst Hirsch Ballin is Professor of Dutch and European Constitutional Law at Tilburg University and Professor of Human Rights Law at the University of Amsterdam.

Das Werk liefert eine grundlegende Untersuchung zur Rechtsnatur des Prinzips der gegenseitigen Anerkennung und belegt, dass der sogenannte „Eckstein“ der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit in Strafsachen eine inhaltlich allgemeine, rechtsfolgenoffene und daher konkretisierungsbedürftige Rechtsnorm des europäischen Primärrechts ist. Dieser Befund ermöglicht eine rechtstheoretisch fundierte Antwort auf die Frage, wie der Konflikt zwischen den Strafverfolgungsinteressen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten und den Beschuldigtenrechten primärrechtskonform aufzulösen ist. Dabei zeigt die Autorin auch auf, dass in den Rahmenbeschlüssen eine primärrechtswidrige Konkretisierung des Prinzips der gegenseitigen Anerkennung zulasten der Beschuldigtenrechte erfolgte. Als Konkretisierungs- bzw. Abwägungsfehler identifiziert sie das Fehlen eines expliziten grundrechtsschützenden europäischen ordre public-Vorbehalts sowie die nur fakultative Ausgestaltung des Verweigerungsgrundes beim Verstoß gegen den ne bis in idem-Grundsatz.

Judicial networks have proved effective in influencing recent judicial policies enacted by both old and new EU member states. However, this influence has not been standard. This volume seeks to improve our understanding of how networks function, as well as the extent they matter in the governance of a constitutional democracy. The authors examine the judicial function of networks, the way they cross the legal and territorial borders that confine the jurisdiction of the domestic institutions, and whether or not they are independent of the capacity and the leadership of their members. A highly salient issue in contemporary law and politics, judicial networks are now qualified actors of governance. With the aim to understand how, to what extent, and with what consequences networks interact with hierarchical institutions that still exist within the States, this book is essential reading for legal experts, policy makers engaged in promoting the rule of law, members of the judicial networks in the EU and extra EU countries, as well as academics and students.

The objective of European integration serves as an ideal of the legal order of the European Union and invites reconsideration of law's conceptual features. This book critically assesses the legal order of the European Union, focusing on the operative aspects of the Union constitution with particular reference to the institutional practices of the Court of Justice in expressing the values underlying this constitution. Drawing together positivist and non-positivist accounts within an institutional understanding of law, Timothy Moorhead breaks new ground in applying a range of analytic jurisprudential perspectives to the Union legal order, and in employing the theoretical resources provided by the Union to model a revised conceptual viewpoint concerning legal order generally. In offering this conceptual approach, Moorhead emphasises the flexibility inherent in law's institutional character as the basis for a theoretical rationalisation of the Union legal order. This book will be of great use and interest to scholars and students of European Union Law, Jurisprudence and European Constitutionalism.

EU Counter-Terrorism Law: Pre-emption and the Rule of Law is a detailed study of EU action to combat terrorism since 11 September 2001 and the implications that action has had for the EU legal order. It critically examines EU counter-terrorism measures to ascertain how rule of law principles have been affected in the'war on terror'. The book opens with a critical examination of the rule of law in the EU legal order. It then provides an overview of the “war on terror” before analysing five key facets of EU counter-terrorism: the common European definition of terrorism along with related offences contained in the Framework Decision on Combating Terrorism; the EU's anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist finance laws; UN and EU targeted asset-freezing sanctions; EU data retention measures such as the Data Retention Directive and the Passenger Name Records agreements; and the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant. The book argues that EU counter-terrorism is weakening the rule of law and bypassing safeguards in favour of a system emphasising coercive control over individual autonomy. It concludes by examining the prospects for the future as the EU becomes a more powerful security actor following the Lisbon Treaty and the adoption of the Stockholm Programme.'an impressively accurate and alarming analysis'Ms Sophia In't Veld MEP and Vice-Chair of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs 2ND Prize winner of the Society of Legal Scholars Peter Birks Prize for Outstanding Legal Scholarship 2013

Mit den in dem vorliegenden Band enthaltenen sechs Beiträgen, die auch in Moskau im Rahmen einer umfangreicheren Publikation veröffentlicht wurden, soll nun auch das deutsche Fachpublikum mit zentralen Grundgedanken der deutschen Rechtsstaatsentwicklung konfrontiert und der deutsch-russische Dialog zu diesem Thema gefördert werden. Der Rechts- und Verfassungsstaat, der hier vorgestellt werden soll, steht am Ende einer juristischen und politischen Entwicklung, die als nur vorläufig abgeschlossen bezeichnet werden kann, weil doch wieder Lücken in dem angestrebten Ziel der Verankerung des liberalen, grundrechtegebundenen Rechts- und Verfassungsstaats in Erscheinung treten. Ein Beitrag widmet sich dem Bundesverfassungsgericht, verfasst von seinem ehemaligen Präsidenten Hans-Jürgen Papier. Ein weiterer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rechtsstaatsgarantie in der Verwirklichung des Lissabon-Vertrages (Dieter H. Scheuing). Rechtsstaat und Strafrecht (Bernd Schünemann) sowie Rechtsstaat und Verwaltungsrecht (Jürgen Harbich) werden ebenfalls angesprochen. Heinrich Scholler zeichnet die historische Entwicklung des Rechtsstaates in großen Zügen nach. Den Abschluss bildet die Untersuchung der Bedeutung von Rechtsstaat und Raumintegration von Andrej Matsnev.

Soll die Legitimität der EU am Ideal des demokratischen Rechtsstaats gemessen werden? Viele Europaforscher behaupten: Nein! Dagegen argumentiert Daniel Gaus anhand der Diskurstheorie von Jürgen Habermas, dass der Begriff des demokratischen Rechtsstaats nicht beliebig durch andere Vorstellungen von Legitimität ersetzt werden kann. Dieser ist als normatives Ideal legitimer politischer Ordnung im kollektiven Bewusstsein moderner Gesellschaften fest verankert.

Die Autorin beschäftigt sich mit dem'institutionellen Gleichgewicht'und seiner Vergleichbarkeit mit dem Gewaltenteilungsprinzip. Einführend werden die Bedeutung des Rechtsstaatsprinzips für das Gemeinschaftsrecht sowie die allgemeinen Wirkungsrichtungen des Gewaltenteilungsprinzips untersucht, im Näheren die Verhinderung eines Machtmissbrauchs und die Freiheitsbewahrung, die ordnungsgemäße Aufgabenwahrnehmung sowie die Herrschaftslegitimation. Im Weiteren wird das'institutionelle Gleichgewicht'inhaltlich derart bestimmt, dass jedem einzelnen Organ Aufgaben zur selbstständigen Wahrnehmung zugewiesen sind und es sich hierbei um ein Grundprinzip der Gemeinschaftsrechtsordnung handelt, welches der Gerichtshof bei der Auslegung wie der rechtsfortbildenden Weiterentwicklung des Rechts heranzieht. Abschließend ergibt ein Vergleich mit dem Gewaltenteilungsgrundsatz, dass das'institutionelle Gleichgewicht'ähnliche Funktionen erfüllt, wobei dies für die ordnungsgemäße Aufgabenwahrnehmung indes nur dann gilt, wenn eine dieser Aufgaben gerade die Schaffung eines Interessenausgleichs zwischen den Beteiligten ist. Legitimierend wirkt dieses Prinzip schließlich bisher kaum, zumindest besteht aber mit ihm die Möglichkeit, die Beteiligungsrechte der Organe im Interesse der Unionsbürger zu schützen. Damit verfügt die Gemeinschaft gleichfalls über ein Grundprinzip, das ihre Verpflichtung zur Rechtsstaatlichkeit wirksam zum Ausdruck bringt.

Recently, the role of courts has changed dramatically. Not only do courts now have to decide cases between parties, they also often have to choose between competing fundamental values. Judges may have to balance the potentially conflicting interests of human life and human dignity; freedom of speech and the right of privacy; or free trade and the protection of the environment. The courts may have to circumscribe freedom of religion, and decide when religious dress may be worn. With the non-specialist in mind, and starting from the basic notion of the rule of law, this book explores how judges can and should address such issues. Both the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union often play a decisive role, and the book points out both the advantages and the difficulties posed by this. Above all, it seeks to promote a more informed debate.

The European Court of Justice once stated that the European Community is governed by the Rule of Law in as much as Member States, Community institutions and individuals are bound to the basic constitutional charter, the Treaty. The purpose of this book is to answer the question whether this statement is still valid for the European Union, and to analyse which features best define the Rule of Law at the European level. In order to define the principle of the Rule of Law at the European level, this book undertakes a comparative analysis of what the principle means in different legal systems. An analysis is also made of the implications for national legal orders, specifically for judges. The conclusion, reached as a result of the research undertaken for this book, is the co-existence of two visions of the Rule of Law within national legal orders: the traditional view of each legal order by itself, and the new vision of the principle as defined by the Court of Justice. This legal phenomenon involves what is defined as'the paradox of the two paradigms of law', which determines a share of concepts, tools and remedies among legal systems.