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4. Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget

Author

Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, and Chambers, Scott D.

Published
2022
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6. We need a solid scientific basis for nature-based climate solutions in the United States

Author

Novick, Kimberly A., primary, Keenan, Trevor F., additional, Anderegg, William R. L., additional, Normile, Caroline P., additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Oldfield, Emily E., additional, Shrestha, Gyami, additional, Baldocchi, Dennis D., additional, Evans, Margaret E. K., additional, Randerson, James T., additional, Sanderman, Jonathan, additional, Torn, Margaret S., additional, Trugman, Anna T., additional, and Williams, Christopher A., additional

Published
2024
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7. FLUXNET-CH₄ SYNTHESIS ACTIVITY : Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions

Author

Knox, Sara H., Jackson, Robert B., Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippe, Canadell, Josep G., Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F., Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S., Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David I., Cescatti, Alessandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R., Euskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David Y., Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Krauss, Ken W., Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H., Nilsson, Mats B., Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter C., Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L., Richardson, Andrew D., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Schäfer, Karina V. R., Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C. I., Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J., Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, and Zona, Donatella

Published
2019

8. Mitigating Toxic Metal Exposure Through Leafy Greens: A Comprehensive Review Contrasting Cadmium and Lead in Spinach.

Author

Seyfferth, Angelia L., Limmer, Matt A., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., and Chaney, Rufus L.

Subjects
HEAVY metals, LEAD, ARSENIC, EDIBLE greens, SPINACH, CADMIUM, EVIDENCE gaps, SEMIMETALS
Abstract

Metals and metalloids (hereafter, metal(loid)s) in plant‐based foods are a source of exposure to humans, but not all metal(loid)‐food interactions are the same. Differences exist between metal(loid)s in terms of their behavior in soils and in how they are taken up by plants and stored in the edible plant tissue/food. Thus, there cannot be one consistent solution to reducing toxic metal(loid)s exposure to humans from foods. In addition, how metal(loid)s are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the human body differs based on both the metal(loid), other elements and nutrients in the food, and the nutritional status of the human. Initiatives like the United States Food and Drug Administration's Closer to Zero initiative to reduce the exposure of young children to the toxic elements cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury from foods warrant careful consideration of each metal(loid) and plant interaction. This review explores such plant‐metal(loid) interactions using the example of spinach and the metals cadmium and lead. This review highlights differences in the magnitude of exposure, bioavailability, and the practicality of mitigation strategies while outlining research gaps and future needs. A focus on feasibility and producer needs, informed via stakeholder interviews, emphasizes the need for better analytical testing facilities and grower and consumer education. More research should focus on minimization of chloride inputs for leafy greens to lessen plant‐availability of Cd and the role of oxalate in reducing Cd bioavailability from spinach. These findings are applicable to other leafy greens (e.g., kale, lettuce), but not for other plants or metal(loid)s. Plain Language Summary: Toxic metals like cadmium and lead in foods can be harmful to our health, especially for babies and young children who are more vulnerable due to their smaller size and rapid development. Leafy greens like spinach can absorb these metals from the soil but in different ways. In addition, how and where they accumulate in edible plant tissues also differs. This review uses spinach as an example to compare and contrast how cadmium and lead differ in how they move through soil and accumulate in plant foods. It also discusses practical pre‐ and post‐harvest techniques to lessen human exposure to these metals that can be adopted by producers and consumers. Finally, it highlights future needs and research directions. Key Points: The toxic elements targeted in the Food and Drug Administration Closer to Zero action plan behave differently in soils and in plant uptakeMitigation strategies to reduce exposure to toxic elements must consider the drivers of soil mobility and accumulation into edible tissuesHealth and nutrition factors that affect metal and metalloid bioavailability upon ingestion should also be considered [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions

Author

Chang, Kuang-Yu, Riley, William J., Knox, Sara H., Jackson, Robert B., McNicol, Gavin, Poulter, Benjamin, Aurela, Mika, Baldocchi, Dennis, Bansal, Sheel, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David I., Cescatti, Alessandro, Chu, Housen, Delwiche, Kyle B., Desai, Ankur R., Euskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Goeckede, Mathias, Helbig, Manuel, Hemes, Kyle S., Hirano, Takashi, Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Keenan, Trevor, Krauss, Ken W., Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Mitra, Bhaskar, Miyata, Akira, Nilsson, Mats B., Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter C., Papale, Dario, Peichl, Matthias, Reba, Michele L., Rinne, Janne, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Schäfer, Karina V. R., Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C. I., Torn, Margaret S., Trotta, Carlo, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Zhang, Zhen, and Zona, Donatella

Published
2021
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11. Increasing contribution of peatlands to boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate

Author

Helbig, Manuel, Waddington, James Michael, Alekseychik, Pavel, Amiro, Brian D., Aurela, Mika, Barr, Alan G., Black, T. Andrew, Blanken, Peter D., Carey, Sean K., Chen, Jiquan, Chi, Jinshu, Desai, Ankur R., Dunn, Allison, Euskirchen, Eugenie S., Flanagan, Lawrence B., Forbrich, Inke, Friborg, Thomas, Grelle, Achim, Harder, Silvie, Heliasz, Michal, Humphreys, Elyn R., Ikawa, Hiroki, Isabelle, Pierre-Erik, Iwata, Hiroki, Jassal, Rachhpal, Korkiakoski, Mika, Kurbatova, Juliya, Kutzbach, Lars, Lindroth, Anders, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Marsh, Philip, Maximov, Trofim, Melton, Joe R., Moore, Paul A., Nadeau, Daniel F., Nicholls, Erin M., Nilsson, Mats B., Ohta, Takeshi, Peichl, Matthias, Petrone, Richard M., Petrov, Roman, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Quinton, William L., Reed, David E., Roulet, Nigel T., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Sonnentag, Oliver, Strachan, Ian B., Taillardat, Pierre, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Varlagin, Andrej, Wilmking, Martin, Wofsy, Steven C., and Zyrianov, Vyacheslav

Published
2020
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14. FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions

Author

Knox, Sara H, Jackskson, Robert B, Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippppe, Canadell, Josep G, Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F, Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S, Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David I, Cescatti, Alessssandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R, Euskskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashshi, Hollinger, David Y, Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Kraussss, Ken W, Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskskar, Morin, Timothyhy H, Nilsssson, Mats B, Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asksko, Oechel, Walter C, Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L, Richardson, Andrew D, Runkle, Benjamin R. K, Ryu, Youngryel, Sachshs, Torsten, Schäfer, Karina V. R, Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C. I, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, and Zona, Donatella

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Global Carbon Project in partnership with other initiatives and regional flux tower networks. The objectives of the effort are presented along with an overview of the coverage of eddy covariance (EC) CH4 flux measurements globally, initial results comparing CH4 fluxes across the sites, and future research directions and needs. Annual estimates of net CH4 fluxes across sites ranged from −0.2 ± 0.02 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) for an upland forest site to 114.9 ± 13.4 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) for an estuarine freshwater marsh, with fluxes exceeding 40 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) at multiple sites. Average annual soil and air temperatures were found to be the strongest predictor of annual CH4 flux across wetland sites globally. Water table position was positively correlated with annual CH4 emissions, although only for wetland sites that were not consistently inundated throughout the year. The ratio of annual CH4 fluxes to ecosystem respiration increased significantly with mean site temperature. Uncertainties in annual CH4 estimates due to gap-filling and random errors were on average ±1.6 g C m(exp -2) yr(exp -1) at 95% confidence, with the relative error decreasing exponentially with increasing flux magnitude across sites. Through the analysis and synthesis of a growing EC CH4 flux database, the controls on ecosystem CH4 fluxes can be better understood, used to inform and validate Earth system models, and reconcile differences between land surface model- and atmospheric-based estimates of CH4 emissions.

Published
2020
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17. Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget

Author

Environmental Sciences, Afd Marine and Atmospheric Research, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, Chambers, Scott D., Environmental Sciences, Afd Marine and Atmospheric Research, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Sub Algemeen Marine & Atmospheric Res, Oehri, Jacqueline, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Kim, Jin-Soo, Grysko, Raleigh, Kropp, Heather, Grünberg, Inge, Zemlianskii, Vitalii, Sonnentag, Oliver, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., Reji Chacko, Merin, Muscari, Giovanni, Blanken, Peter D., Dean, Joshua F., di Sarra, Alcide, Harding, Richard J., Sobota, Ireneusz, Kutzbach, Lars, Plekhanova, Elena, Riihelä, Aku, Boike, Julia, Miller, Nathaniel B., Beringer, Jason, López-Blanco, Efrén, Stoy, Paul C., Sullivan, Ryan C., Kejna, Marek, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Gamon, John A., Mastepanov, Mikhail, Wille, Christian, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Karger, Dirk N., Quinton, William L., Putkonen, Jaakko, van As, Dirk, Christensen, Torben R., Hakuba, Maria Z., Stone, Robert S., Metzger, Stefan, Vandecrux, Baptiste, Frost, Gerald V., Wild, Martin, Hansen, Birger, Meloni, Daniela, Domine, Florent, te Beest, Mariska, Sachs, Torsten, Kalhori, Aram, Rocha, Adrian V., Williamson, Scott N., Morris, Sara, Atchley, Adam L., Essery, Richard, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Holl, David, Riihimaki, Laura D., Iwata, Hiroki, Schuur, Edward A. G., Cox, Christopher J., Grachev, Andrey A., McFadden, Joseph P., Fausto, Robert S., Göckede, Mathias, Ueyama, Masahito, Pirk, Norbert, de Boer, Gijs, Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Leppäranta, Matti, Steffen, Konrad, Friborg, Thomas, Ohmura, Atsumu, Edgar, Colin W., Olofsson, Johan, and Chambers, Scott D.

Published
2022

18. Lateral carbon export has low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance of a polygonal tundra catchment

Author

Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, Kutzbach, Lars, Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, and Kutzbach, Lars

Abstract

Permafrost-affected soils contain large quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in the SOC pool of a particular ecosystem can be related to its net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in which the balance of carbon (C) influxes and effluxes is expressed. For polygonal tundra landscapes, accounts of ecosystem carbon balances in the literature are often solely based on estimates of vertical carbon fluxes. To fill this gap, we present data regarding the lateral export rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a polygonal tundra site in the north Siberian Lena River delta, Russia. We use water discharge observations in combination with concentration measurements of waterborne carbon to derive the lateral carbon fluxes from one growing season (2 June–8 September 2014 for DOC, 8 June–8 September 2014 for DIC). To put the lateral C fluxes into context, we furthermore present the surface–atmosphere eddy covariance fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from this study site. The results show cumulative lateral DIC and DOC fluxes of 0.31–0.38 and 0.06–0.08 g m−2, respectively, during the 93 d observation period (8 June–8 September 2014). Vertical turbulent fluxes of CO2-C and CH4-C accumulated to −19.0 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 0.02 g m−2 in the same period. Thus, the lateral C export represented about 2 % of the net ecosystem exchange of (NEE) CO2. However, the relationship between lateral and surface–atmosphere fluxes changed over the observation period. At the beginning of the growing season (early June), the lateral C flux outpaced the surface-directed net vertical turbulent CO2 flux, causing the polygonal tundra landscape to be a net carbon source during this time of the year. Later in the growing season, the vertical turbulent CO2 flux dominated the NECB.

Published
2022

19. Informing Nature‐based Climate Solutions for the United States with the best‐available science

Author

Novick, Kimberly A., primary, Metzger, Stefan, additional, Anderegg, William R. L., additional, Barnes, Mallory, additional, Cala, Daniela S., additional, Guan, Kaiyu, additional, Hemes, Kyle S., additional, Hollinger, David Y., additional, Kumar, Jitendra, additional, Litvak, Marcy, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Normile, Caroline P., additional, Oikawa, Patty, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Torn, Margaret, additional, and Wiesner, Susanne, additional

Published
2022
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21. Informing Post-Disaster Restoration through Modeling Interdependent Agriculture and Transportation Networks

Author

Nurre Pinkley, Sarah G., Sullivan, Kelly M., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Bui, Hieu T., Khatamov, Jakhongir, Camp, Janey, Turner, Katherine, and Laning, Nicholas

Subjects
Optimization, Restoration, Interdependency, Disruption, Multimodal Transportation, Food and Agriculture
Abstract

The U.S. multimodal transportation network is extensively used to transport agricultural inputs and outputs. Disruptions to the transportation network can therefore cause severe and cascading operational and economic damage to the food and agriculture sector. These disruptions are magnified due to the food and agriculture sector's interdependency with other critical infrastructure sectors, dependence on time-sensitive operations, and positioning within rural communities. This research investigates (i) how multimodal transportation should be used when a disruption has occurred and (ii) how to coordinate restoration activities across interdependent transportation and agriculture systems. We present a mixed integer linear programming model that seeks to maximize the expected yield for a set of rice farms throughout the state of Arkansas under scenarios where the amount and timeliness of fertilizer delivery are affected by a disrupted transportation network. We validate the model using real data for a case study in Arkansas. This dataset includes the location and acreage of rice farms in Arkansas, fertilizer demand, and a multimodal transportation network comprised of road, rail, and waterway networks. For this dataset, we created disruption scenarios for different transportation modes with different severity, location, and duration. Using these data, we ran extensive computational experiments to deduce operational and restoration insights on the interdependence and resiliency of transportation and agriculture systems. The findings demonstrate the need for coordination, systems thinking, and understanding of how transportation impacts other interdependent infrastructures. Additionally, the model may help to establish a methodology for planning in the agricultural sector.

Published
2021
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22. Socio-Technical Changes for Sustainable Rice Production: Rice Husk Amendment, Conservation Irrigation, and System Changes

Author

Runkle, Benjamin R. K., primary, Seyfferth, Angelia L., additional, Reid, Matthew C., additional, Limmer, Matthew A., additional, Moreno-García, Beatriz, additional, Reavis, Colby W., additional, Peña, Jasquelin, additional, Reba, Michele L., additional, Adviento-Borbe, M. Arlene A., additional, Pinson, Shannon R. M., additional, and Isbell, Chris, additional

Published
2021
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25. FLUXNET-CH<sub>4</sub>: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands

Author

Delwiche, Kyle B., primary, Knox, Sara Helen, additional, Malhotra, Avni, additional, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, additional, McNicol, Gavin, additional, Feron, Sarah, additional, Ouyang, Zutao, additional, Papale, Dario, additional, Trotta, Carlo, additional, Canfora, Eleonora, additional, Cheah, You-Wei, additional, Christianson, Danielle, additional, Alberto, Ma. Carmelita R., additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Baldocchi, Dennis, additional, Bansal, Sheel, additional, Billesbach, David P., additional, Bohrer, Gil, additional, Bracho, Rosvel, additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Campbell, David I., additional, Celis, Gerardo, additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Chen, Weinan, additional, Chu, Housen, additional, Dalmagro, Higo J., additional, Dengel, Sigrid, additional, Desai, Ankur R., additional, Detto, Matteo, additional, Dolman, Han, additional, Eichelmann, Elke, additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie, additional, Famulari, Daniela, additional, Fuchs, Kathrin, additional, Goeckede, Mathias, additional, Gogo, Sébastien, additional, Gondwe, Mangaliso J., additional, Goodrich, Jordan P., additional, Gottschalk, Pia, additional, Graham, Scott L., additional, Heimann, Martin, additional, Helbig, Manuel, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hemes, Kyle S., additional, Hirano, Takashi, additional, Hollinger, David, additional, Hörtnagl, Lukas, additional, Iwata, Hiroki, additional, Jacotot, Adrien, additional, Jurasinski, Gerald, additional, Kang, Minseok, additional, Kasak, Kuno, additional, King, John, additional, Klatt, Janina, additional, Koebsch, Franziska, additional, Krauss, Ken W., additional, Lai, Derrick Y. F., additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala, additional, Maximov, Trofim, additional, Merbold, Lutz, additional, Mitra, Bhaskar, additional, Morin, Timothy H., additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, Nilsson, Mats B., additional, Niu, Shuli, additional, Oechel, Walter C., additional, Oikawa, Patricia Y., additional, Ono, Keisuke, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Peltola, Olli, additional, Reba, Michele L., additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Riley, William, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Ryu, Youngryel, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Sakabe, Ayaka, additional, Sanchez, Camilo Rey, additional, Schuur, Edward A., additional, Schäfer, Karina V. R., additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Sparks, Jed P., additional, Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen, additional, Sturtevant, Cove, additional, Sullivan, Ryan C., additional, Szutu, Daphne J., additional, Thom, Jonathan E., additional, Torn, Margaret S., additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Valach, Alex C., additional, Vargas, Rodrigo, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Vazquez-Lule, Alma, additional, Verfaillie, Joseph G., additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vourlitis, George L., additional, Ward, Eric J., additional, Wille, Christian, additional, Wohlfahrt, Georg, additional, Wong, Guan Xhuan, additional, Zhang, Zhen, additional, Zona, Donatella, additional, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, and Jackson, Robert B., additional

Published
2021
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26. Low impact of lateral carbon export on net ecosystem carbon balance of a polygonal Tundra catchment

Author

Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Fedorova, Irina, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, Kutzbach, Lars, Beckebanze, Lutz, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Walz, Josefine, Wille, Christian, Holl, David, Helbig, Manuel, Fedorova, Irina, Boike, Julia, Sachs, Torsten, and Kutzbach, Lars

Abstract

Permafrost soils contain a large quantity of soil organic carbon (SOC) potentially available for decomposition, and its permanence depends on the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB), including both vertical and lateral fluxes. In most polygonal tundra landscapes, the CO2 flux is known to be a sink on the annual scale, but less is known about the role of lateral carbon flows. To fill this gap, we present and contextualize lateral export rates from a polygonal tundra site in northern Siberia, Russia. Furthermore, we present the vertical carbon (C) fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from this study site. Thus, we derive the NECB in one growing season. The results show cumulative lateral DIC and DOC fluxes of 0.25 – 0.28 and 0.05 – 0.06 g C m-2, respectively, during the observation period (8 June – 8 September). The vertical fluxes of CO2 and CH4 accumulate to -19.0 ± 1.2 and 1.1 ± 0.02 g C m-2, respectively. The lateral carbon export thus represents 1.6 – 1.8% of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE). However, the relationship between lateral and vertical fluxes changed over the observation period. At the beginning of the growing season (early June), the lateral carbon flux outpaces the vertical CO2 flux, causing the polygonal tundra landscape to be a carbon source at this time of the year. With ongoing growing season, the vertical CO2 flux dominates the NECB. We conclude that lateral carbon fluxes can have a considerable influence on the NECB on short time scales (days), especially during the early growing season. However, their impact decreases on seasonal time scales. Therefore, the vertical carbon flux can be seen as a good approximation for the NECB of this study site on the time scale of months.

Published
2021

28. Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales

Author

Knox, Sara H., primary, Bansal, Sheel, additional, McNicol, Gavin, additional, Schafer, Karina, additional, Sturtevant, Cove, additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Valach, Alex C., additional, Baldocchi, Dennis, additional, Delwiche, Kyle, additional, Desai, Ankur R., additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie, additional, Liu, Jinxun, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Malhotra, Avni, additional, Melling, Lulie, additional, Riley, William, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, Vargas, Rodrigo, additional, Zhu, Qing, additional, Alto, Tuula, additional, Fluet‐Chouinard, Etienne, additional, Goeckede, Mathias, additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Ward, Eric, additional, Zhang, Zhen, additional, Feron, Sarah, additional, Ouyang, Zutao, additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Bohrer, Gil, additional, Campbell, David I., additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Chu, Housen, additional, Dalmagro, Higo J., additional, Goodrich, Jordan P., additional, Gottschalk, Pia, additional, Hirano, Takashi, additional, Iwata, Hiroki, additional, Jurasinski, Gerald, additional, Kang, Minseok, additional, Koebsch, Franziska, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Nilsson, Mats B., additional, Ono, Keisuke, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Peltola, Olli, additional, Ryu, Youngryel, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Sakabe, Ayaka, additional, Sparks, Jed P., additional, Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina, additional, Vourlitis, George L., additional, Wong, Guan X., additional, Windham‐Myers, Lisamarie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, and Jackson, Robert B., additional

Published
2021
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31. The biophysical climate mitigation potential of boreal peatlands during the growing season

Author

Helbig, Manuel, Waddington, James M, Alekseychik, Pavel, Amiro, Brian, Aurela, Mika, Barr, Alan G, Black, T Andrew, Carey, Sean K, Chen, Jiquan, Chi, Jinshu, Desai, Ankur R, Dunn, Allison, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Friborg, Thomas, Garneau, Michelle, Grelle, Achim, Harder, Silvie, Heliasz, Michal, Humphreys, Elyn R, Ikawa, Hiroki, Isabelle, Pierre-Erik, Iwata, Hiroki, Jassal, Rachhpal, Korkiakoski, Mika, Kurbatova, Juliya, Kutzbach, Lars, Lapshina, Elena, Lindroth, Anders, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Marsh, Philip, Moore, Paul A, Maximov, Trofim, Nadeau, Daniel F, Nicholls, Erin M, Nilsson, Mats B, Ohta, Takeshi, Peichl, Matthias, Petrone, Richard M, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Quinton, William L, Roulet, Nigel, Runkle, Benjamin R K, Sonnentag, Oliver, Strachan, Ian B, Taillardat, Pierre, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Varlagin, Andrej, Vesala, Timo, Wilmking, Martin, Zyrianov, Vyacheslav, Schulze, Christopher, Helbig, Manuel, Waddington, James M, Alekseychik, Pavel, Amiro, Brian, Aurela, Mika, Barr, Alan G, Black, T Andrew, Carey, Sean K, Chen, Jiquan, Chi, Jinshu, Desai, Ankur R, Dunn, Allison, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Friborg, Thomas, Garneau, Michelle, Grelle, Achim, Harder, Silvie, Heliasz, Michal, Humphreys, Elyn R, Ikawa, Hiroki, Isabelle, Pierre-Erik, Iwata, Hiroki, Jassal, Rachhpal, Korkiakoski, Mika, Kurbatova, Juliya, Kutzbach, Lars, Lapshina, Elena, Lindroth, Anders, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Marsh, Philip, Moore, Paul A, Maximov, Trofim, Nadeau, Daniel F, Nicholls, Erin M, Nilsson, Mats B, Ohta, Takeshi, Peichl, Matthias, Petrone, Richard M, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Quinton, William L, Roulet, Nigel, Runkle, Benjamin R K, Sonnentag, Oliver, Strachan, Ian B, Taillardat, Pierre, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Turner, Jessica, Ueyama, Masahito, Varlagin, Andrej, Vesala, Timo, Wilmking, Martin, Zyrianov, Vyacheslav, and Schulze, Christopher

Abstract

Peatlands and forests cover large areas of the boreal biome and are critical for global climate regulation. They also regulate regional climate through heat and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere. Understanding how land-atmosphere interactions in peatlands differ from forests may therefore be crucial for modelling boreal climate system dynamics and for assessing climate benefits of peatland conservation and restoration. To assess the biophysical impacts of peatlands and forests on peak growing season air temperature and humidity, we analysed surface energy fluxes and albedo from 35 peatlands and 37 evergreen needleleaf forests—the dominant boreal forest type—and simulated air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) over hypothetical homogeneous peatland and forest landscapes. We ran an evapotranspiration model using land surface parameters derived from energy flux observations and coupled an analytical solution for the surface energy balance to an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model. We found that peatlands, compared to forests, are characterized by higher growing season albedo, lower aerodynamic conductance, and higher surface conductance for an equivalent VPD. This combination of peatland surface properties results in a ∼20% decrease in afternoon ABL height, a cooling (from 1.7 to 2.5 °C) in afternoon air temperatures, and a decrease in afternoon VPD (from 0.4 to 0.7 kPa) for peatland landscapes compared to forest landscapes. These biophysical climate impacts of peatlands are most pronounced at lower latitudes (∼45°N) and decrease toward the northern limit of the boreal biome (∼70°N). Thus, boreal peatlands have the potential to mitigate the effect of regional climate warming during the growing season. The biophysical climate mitigation potential of peatlands needs to be accounted for when projecting the future climate of the boreal biome, when assessing the climate benefits of conserving pristine boreal peatlands, and when restoring peatlands that

Published
2020

32. Once Upon a Time, in AmeriFlux

Author

Fisher, Joshua B., primary, Keenan, Trevor F., additional, Buechner, Christin, additional, Shirkey, Gabriela, additional, Perez‐Quezada, Jorge F., additional, Knox, Sara H., additional, Frank, John M., additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, and Bohrer, Gil, additional

Published
2021
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33. The biophysical climate mitigation potential of boreal peatlands during the growing season

Author

Helbig, Manuel, primary, Waddington, James M, additional, Alekseychik, Pavel, additional, Amiro, Brian, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Barr, Alan G, additional, Black, T Andrew, additional, Carey, Sean K, additional, Chen, Jiquan, additional, Chi, Jinshu, additional, Desai, Ankur R, additional, Dunn, Allison, additional, Euskirchen, Eugenie S, additional, Flanagan, Lawrence B, additional, Friborg, Thomas, additional, Garneau, Michelle, additional, Grelle, Achim, additional, Harder, Silvie, additional, Heliasz, Michal, additional, Humphreys, Elyn R, additional, Ikawa, Hiroki, additional, Isabelle, Pierre-Erik, additional, Iwata, Hiroki, additional, Jassal, Rachhpal, additional, Korkiakoski, Mika, additional, Kurbatova, Juliya, additional, Kutzbach, Lars, additional, Lapshina, Elena, additional, Lindroth, Anders, additional, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Mammarella, Ivan, additional, Marsh, Philip, additional, Moore, Paul A, additional, Maximov, Trofim, additional, Nadeau, Daniel F, additional, Nicholls, Erin M, additional, Nilsson, Mats B, additional, Ohta, Takeshi, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Petrone, Richard M, additional, Prokushkin, Anatoly, additional, Quinton, William L, additional, Roulet, Nigel, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R K, additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Strachan, Ian B, additional, Taillardat, Pierre, additional, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, additional, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, additional, Turner, Jessica, additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Wilmking, Martin, additional, Zyrianov, Vyacheslav, additional, and Schulze, Christopher, additional

Published
2020
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35. FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity:Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions

Author

Knox, Sara H., Jackson, Robert B., Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippe, Canadell, Josep G., Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F., Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S., Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David, I, Cescatti, Alessandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R., Euskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David Y., Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Krauss, Ken W., Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H., Nilsson, Mats B., Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter C., Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L., Richardson, Andrew D., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Karina V. R., Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C., I, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J., Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Zona, Donatella, Knox, Sara H., Jackson, Robert B., Poulter, Benjamin, McNicol, Gavin, Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne, Zhang, Zhen, Hugelius, Gustaf, Bousquet, Philippe, Canadell, Josep G., Saunois, Marielle, Papale, Dario, Chu, Housen, Keenan, Trevor F., Baldocchi, Dennis, Torn, Margaret S., Mammarella, Ivan, Trotta, Carlo, Aurela, Mika, Bohrer, Gil, Campbell, David, I, Cescatti, Alessandro, Chamberlain, Samuel, Chen, Jiquan, Chen, Weinan, Dengel, Sigrid, Desai, Ankur R., Euskirchen, Eugenie, Friborg, Thomas, Gasbarra, Daniele, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Heimann, Martin, Helbig, Manuel, Hirano, Takashi, Hollinger, David Y., Iwata, Hiroki, Kang, Minseok, Klatt, Janina, Krauss, Ken W., Kutzbach, Lars, Lohila, Annalea, Mitra, Bhaskar, Morin, Timothy H., Nilsson, Mats B., Niu, Shuli, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter C., Peichl, Matthias, Peltola, Olli, Reba, Michele L., Richardson, Andrew D., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Ryu, Youngryel, Sachs, Torsten, Schaefer, Karina V. R., Schmid, Hans Peter, Shurpali, Narasinha, Sonnentag, Oliver, Tang, Angela C., I, Ueyama, Masahito, Vargas, Rodrigo, Vesala, Timo, Ward, Eric J., Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Wohlfahrt, Georg, and Zona, Donatella

Published
2019

36. A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed-path and open-path eddy covariance CO2 net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the Siberian Arctic

Author

Holl, David, Wille, Christian, Sachs, Torsten, Schreiber, Peter, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Beckebanze, Lutz, Langer, Moritz, Boike, Julia, Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, Fedorova, Irina, Bolshianov, Dimitry Y., Grigoriev, Mikhail N., Kutzbach, Lars, Holl, David, Wille, Christian, Sachs, Torsten, Schreiber, Peter, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Beckebanze, Lutz, Langer, Moritz, Boike, Julia, Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, Fedorova, Irina, Bolshianov, Dimitry Y., Grigoriev, Mikhail N., and Kutzbach, Lars

Abstract

Ground-based observations of land–atmosphere fluxes are necessary to progressively improve global climate models. Observed data can be used for model evaluation and to develop or tune process models. In arctic permafrost regions, climate–carbon feedbacks are amplified. Therefore, increased efforts to better represent these regions in global climate models have been made in recent years. We present a multi-annual time series of land–atmosphere carbon dioxide fluxes measured in situ with the eddy covariance technique in the Siberian Arctic (72∘22′ N, 126∘30′ E). The site is part of the international network of eddy covariance flux observation stations (FLUXNET; site ID: Ru-Sam). The data set includes consistently processed fluxes based on concentration measurements of closed-path and open-path gas analyzers. With parallel records from both sensor types, we were able to apply a site-specific correction to open-path fluxes. This correction is necessary due to a deterioration of data, caused by heat generated by the electronics of open-path gas analyzers. Parameterizing this correction for subperiods of distinct sensor setups yielded good agreement between open- and closed-path fluxes. We compiled a long-term (2002 to 2017) carbon dioxide flux time series that we additionally gap-filled with a standardized approach. The data set was uploaded to the Pangaea database and can be accessed through https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.892751.

Published
2019

38. A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed-path and open-path eddy covariance CO<sub>2</sub> net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the Siberian Arctic

Author

Holl, David, primary, Wille, Christian, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Schreiber, Peter, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Beckebanze, Lutz, additional, Langer, Moritz, additional, Boike, Julia, additional, Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, additional, Fedorova, Irina, additional, Bolshianov, Dimitry Y., additional, Grigoriev, Mikhail N., additional, and Kutzbach, Lars, additional

Published
2019
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41. A long-term (2002 to 2017) record of closed-path and open-path eddy covariance CO<sub>2</sub> net ecosystem exchange fluxes from the Siberian Arctic

Author

Holl, David, primary, Wille, Christian, additional, Sachs, Torsten, additional, Schreiber, Peter, additional, Runkle, Benjamin R. K., additional, Beckebanze, Lutz, additional, Langer, Moritz, additional, Boike, Julia, additional, Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, additional, Fedorova, Irina, additional, Bolshianov, Dimitry Y., additional, Grigoriev, Mikhail N., additional, and Kutzbach, Lars, additional

Published
2018
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44. Delta‐Flux: An Eddy Covariance Network for a Climate‐Smart Lower Mississippi Basin

Author

Runkle, Benjamin R. K., primary, Rigby, James R., additional, Reba, Michele L., additional, Anapalli, Saseendran S., additional, Bhattacharjee, Joydeep, additional, Krauss, Ken W., additional, Liang, Lu, additional, Locke, Martin A., additional, Novick, Kimberly A., additional, Sui, Ruixiu, additional, Suvočarev, Kosana, additional, and White, Paul M., additional

Published
2017
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48. Multi-annual Turbulent Energy Fluxes in the Lena River Delta: Eddy Covariance and Remote Sensing in Siberian Arctic Tundra

Author

Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Wille, C., Langer, Moritz, Boike, Julia, Sachs, T., Pfeiffer, E. M., Kutzbach, L., Runkle, Benjamin R. K., Wille, C., Langer, Moritz, Boike, Julia, Sachs, T., Pfeiffer, E. M., and Kutzbach, L.

Abstract

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the energy and water balances in permafrost tundra, establishing hydrological conditions for the next year and controlling several aspects of the carbon cycle. Both the energy balance and hydrological conditions of the landscape surface are important drivers of how Arctic climate change will impact landscape processes, including the carbon feedback. The accurate measurement of evapotranspiration within an energy balance context therefore provides crucial information on ecosystem functioning and raises our predictive capacity for estimating the impact of climate change. In this study we report field measurements from 13 summers (2002-14) using the eddy covariance method in a lowland ice-wedge polygon landscape within Russia’s Lena River Delta. These time-series are gap-filled and extrapolated with both statistical and process-based models to generate estimates of growing season ET. We find that interannual differences – including two August periods with high ET and two with low ET – are locally driven more by changes in air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) than in land surface characteristics or radiation. Except for periods of high VPD, aerodynamic resistance was greater than canopy surface resistance. We explore predictive relationships between various land surface indicators (e.g., NDVI, LAI, LST, Growing season length) derived from remote sensing products (MODIS) to quantify local mechanisms necessary for upscaling to the Delta region. Nighttime land surface temperature (MODIS) is found to be a strong predictor of evaporative flux at weekly to monthly time scales. Contrary to expectations resulting from climate change studies, we do not see evidence of a sustained interannual trend in ET or sensible heat flux. We conclude with implications for the local energy balance and responses to changes in sea ice extent and a warming climate.

Published
2015

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