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It is challenging to balance high biocompability with good mechanical-electrical sensing performance, especially when triggered inflammatory stress response after in-vivo implantation. Herein, we reported a bioinspired wrinkle-reinforced adaptive nanoclay-interlocked soft strain-sensor based on a highly stretchable and elastic ionic-conductive hydrogel. This novel nanoclay-composite hydrogel exhibited excellent tensile properties and high sensing capacity with steady and reliable sensing performance due to the structural-mechanical-electrical integrity of the nanoclay crosslinked and nano-reinforced interpenetrating network. The incorporation of amphiphilic ions provides the hydrogel with significant protein resistance, reducing its non-specific adsorption to proteins upon implantation and improving its biosafety as an implanted device and maintaining the authenticity of the sensing results. Based on the revealed sensing enhanced mechanism based on hierarchical ordered structures, as a proof-of-concept application, it is for the first time to demonstrate this hydrogel sensor can accurately localize the region where myocardial infarction occurs and may become a novel strategy for real-time monitoring of pathological changes in heart disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Sea squirt, as a highly invasive species and main biofouling source in marine aquaculture, has seriously threatened the biodiversity and aquaculture economy. On the other hand, a conductive biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility, and appropriate mechanical property from renewable resources is urgently required for tissue engineering patches. To meet these targets, we presented a novel and robust strategy for sustainable development aiming at the marine pollution via recycling and upgrading the waste biomass-sea squirts and serving as a renewable resource for functional bio-scaffold patch in tissue engineering. We firstly demonstrated that the tunic cellulose derived natural self-conductive scaffolds successfully served as functional cardiac patches, which significantly promote the maturation and spontaneous contraction of cardiomyocytes both in vitro and enhance cardiac function of MI rats in vivo. We believe this novel, feasible and “Trash to Treasure” strategy to gain cardiac patches via recycling the waste biomass must be promising and beneficial for marine environmental bio-pollution issue and sustainable development considering the large-scale consumption potential for tissue engineering and other applications., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Fouling sea squirts used as scaffold materials can effectively solve the pollution problem of marine aquaculture. • The natural electrical conductivity of the sea squirts derived scaffold is similar to that of natural myocardial tissue. • Cellulose scaffold from sea squirts has a good orientation, and its structure is similar to natural myocardial tissue. • Sea squirts cellulose derived natural self-conductive scaffolds were successfully served as the functional cardiac patches.

The type I pepsin-soluble collagen (type I PSC) from the red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus) scales was successfully purified by hydrophilic ultrafiltration (UF). The collagen purification process was appraised in depth and described in detail, respectively. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, using proteomics analysis and Isoform-sequencing (Iso-Seq), it was confirmed to be the type I PSC, containing collagen α1 and α2 chains as the single components, with the absence of the non- collagenous proteins, non-type I collagens and potentially allergenic proteins. The type I PSC was verified to be non-denatured collagen monomers with integrated triple-helical structure using gel filtration chromatography (GFC), ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and amino acid composition analysis. Thus, the accurate primary structures of the type I PSC with 100% matched peptide coverage were obtained for the first time. Additionally, our current study is the first to illustrate the protein component changes in collagen induced by hydrophilic UF and the primary structure changes in collagen molecules induced by pepsin solubilization.