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1. Ecological evidence for later dementia diagnosis in areas with higher rates of bilingualism: Evidence fromY Fro Gymraegin Wales

Author: Christopher W.N. Saville, Christopher W. Patterson, Rhian Russell Owen, and Joanne Kelly-Rhind
Abstract: BackgroundBilingualism has been proposed as a protective factor against dementia, putatively delaying onset by several years. However, evidence is equivocal. One possibility is that the pattern of confounding varies across contexts, with confounders such as socioeconomic status, rurality, and migrant status being positively associated with bilingualism in some settings and negatively in others. The present study examines this in Welsh-speaking Wales, where the confounding structure differs from much of the literature.MethodsRoutine clinical data from the Memory Clinic service covering the counties of Gwynedd and Ynys Môn were used to examine the ecological correlation between Welsh-speaking rates and dementia diagnosis rates by lower super output area. Analyses were conducted using Poisson generalised linear mixed effects models with spatial auto-correlation terms.ResultsA total of 404 cases were identified. No overall association was observed between dementia diagnosis rates and Welsh-speaking rates, but the association was moderated by age band, such that Welsh-speaking rates were protective in 65–74 year-olds but a risk factor in 75+ year olds (rate ratio=.71, .53-.94). This was robust to adjustment for area-level poverty.ConclusionAlthough causation cannot be inferred, the findings are consistent with bilingualism delaying dementia onset. Welsh-English bilingualism provides a useful complement to research on this topic elsewhere in the world, as the confounding structure is unusual.
Published: 2023
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2. The Implications of Political Stability and Trust on Corruption in the European Union

Author: Russell, Owen, primary
Published: 2023
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3. A ditopic receptor for cation binding and facilitated transport through a supported liquid membrane

Author: Benniston, Andrew C., Harriman, Anthony, Lawrie, Donald J., Mehrabi, Maryam, and Russell, Owen D.
Published: 2005
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4. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Spectrographs

Author: W. Richardson, Paul Harding, Paul Maseman, Bo Zhao, Ben Breslauer, A. Uomoto, D. C. Nguyen, Suvrath Mahadevan, Stephen A. Smee, Al Harding, Stephen A. Shectman, Larry N. Carey, R. Stoll, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Joseph Huehnerhoff, J. P. Colque, Michael L. Evans, James W. Davidson, D. Skinner, J. D. Trujillo, Matthew J. Nelson, G. J. Damke, Jon A. Holtzman, Thomas P. O'Brien, J. Karakla, Nicholas MacDonald, Basil Blank, Steve Majewski, Russell Owen, John C. Wilson, B. Anthony-Brumfield, James A. Arns, Matthew Shetrone, T. Mitcheltree, Dmitry Bizyaev, Robert H. Barkhouser, David L. Nidever, José R. Sánchez-Gallego, Conor Sayres, Janice D. R. Dean, Elena Malanushenko, Calen B. Henderson, Samuel Halverson, M. Vernieri, Jeff Crane, Sophia Brunner, E. Walker, Alexandre Roman-Lopes, Mita Tembe, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Stephane Beland, T. Stolberg, Frederick R. Hearty, James E. Gunn, J. Barr, E. Leon, N. De Lee, Michael R. Blanton, S. Melton, Dan Long, Charles R. Lam, Mark A. Klaene, Bruce Gillespie, Erick T. Young, N. Shane, D. Hancock, Rosemarie W. Hammond, J. Matsunari, Alim Y. Patten, Mike Skrutskie, Matthew A. Bershady, David H. Weinberg, George H. Rieke, Marcia J. Rieke, Matthew Hall, K. W. Don, Greg Fitzgerald, Fritz Stauffer, T. Horne, F. Di Mille, Michael A. Carr, Stephen C. Hope, C. Harrison, J. Downey, F. Leger, Andrew J. Burton, Garrett Ebelke, Jennifer Sobeck, and Robert W. O'Connell
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Red giant, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, Instrument control, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe the design and performance of the near-infrared (1.51--1.70 micron), fiber-fed, multi-object (300 fibers), high resolution (R = lambda/delta lambda ~ 22,500) spectrograph built for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). APOGEE is a survey of ~ 10^5 red giant stars that systematically sampled all Milky Way populations (bulge, disk, and halo) to study the Galaxy's chemical and kinematical history. It was part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) from 2011 -- 2014 using the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, New Mexico. The APOGEE-2 survey is now using the spectrograph as part of SDSS-IV, as well as a second spectrograph, a close copy of the first, operating at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. Although several fiber-fed, multi-object, high resolution spectrographs have been built for visual wavelength spectroscopy, the APOGEE spectrograph is one of the first such instruments built for observations in the near-infrared. The instrument's successful development was enabled by several key innovations, including a "gang connector" to allow simultaneous connections of 300 fibers; hermetically sealed feedthroughs to allow fibers to pass through the cryostat wall continuously; the first cryogenically deployed mosaic volume phase holographic grating; and a large refractive camera that includes mono-crystalline silicon and fused silica elements with diameters as large as ~ 400 mm. This paper contains a comprehensive description of all aspects of the instrument including the fiber system, optics and opto-mechanics, detector arrays, mechanics and cryogenics, instrument control, calibration system, optical performance and stability, lessons learned, and design changes for the second instrument., 81 pages, 67 figures, PASP, accepted
Published: 2019

5. LSST data management software development practices and tools

Author: Brian Van Klaveren, William O'Mullane, Frossie Economou, K. Simon Krughoff, Pim Schellart, K. T. Lim, Fritz Mueller, John D. Swinbank, James Bosch, Jonathan Sick, John K. Parejko, Josh Hoblitt, Paul A. Price, Tim Jenness, Adam J. Thornton, Robert H. Lupton, K. Findeisen, Russell Owen, Fabio Hernandez, Jeffrey Kantor, and Stephen R. Pietrowicz
Subjects: 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Computer science, Data management, Software development, Petabyte, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, 01 natural sciences, Software, Software deployment, 0103 physical sciences, Distributed development, business, Software engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Agile software development
Abstract: The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is an 8.4m optical survey telescope being constructed on Cerro Pach´on in Chile. The data management system being developed must be able to process the nightly alert data, 20,000 expected transient alerts per minute, in near real time, and construct annual data releases at the petabyte scale. The development team consists of more than 90 people working in six different sites across the US developing an integrated set of software to realize the LSST science goals. In this paper we discuss our agile software development methodology and our API and developer decision making process. We also discuss the software tools that we use for continuous integration and deployment.
Published: 2018
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6. The Hyper Suprime-Cam Software Pipeline

Author: Dustin Lang, Song Huang, John D. Swinbank, Sogo Mineo, K. Simon Krughoff, Robert Armstrong, Yuki Okura, Michael A. Strauss, William R. Coulton, Yoshihiko Yamada, Russell Owen, Hiroyuki Ikeda, Hitomi Yamanoi, Hisanori Furusawa, Paul A. Price, Naoki Yasuda, Michitaro Koike, Steven J. Bickerton, Ryoma Murata, Yusra AlSayyad, Robert H. Lupton, Jean Coupon, Nate B. Lust, James Bosch, Tadafumi Takata, Hironao Miyatake, Andrew C. Becker, Jose A. Garmilla, Satoshi Miyazaki, Masayuki Tanaka, Surhud More, Lauren A. MacArthur, Rachel Mandelbaum, Kian-Tat Lim, and Alexie Leauthaud
Subjects: Physics, Data processing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Data management, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, 01 natural sciences, Pipeline (software), Optical imaging, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Computer-aided manufacturing, business, Subaru Telescope, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer hardware, Codebase
Abstract: In this paper, we describe the optical imaging data processing pipeline developed for the Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument. The HSC Pipeline builds on the prototype pipeline being developed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's Data Management system, adding customizations for HSC, large-scale processing capabilities, and novel algorithms that have since been reincorporated into the LSST codebase. While designed primarily to reduce HSC Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) data, it is also the recommended pipeline for reducing general-observer HSC data. The HSC pipeline includes high level processing steps that generate coadded images and science-ready catalogs as well as low-level detrending and image characterizations., Comment: 39 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Published: 2017
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7. Astrophysical Research Consortium Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) facility optical imager for the Apache Point Observatory 3.5m telescope

Author: William Ketzeback, Ed Leon, Joseph Huehnerhoff, Conor Sayres, Mark A. Klaene, Russell Owen, Caitlin Doughty, Jack Dembicky, Alysha Shugart, Courtney N. Johnson, Alaina C. Shelden Bradley, Russet McMillan, Suzanne L. Hawley, and Tyler Sheen
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, 01 natural sciences, Target acquisition, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Optical path, Band-pass filter, law, Observatory, Shutter, 0103 physical sciences, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Astrophysical Research Consortium Telescope Imaging Camera, ARCTIC, is a new optical imaging camera now in use at the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) 3.5m telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO). As a facility instrument, the design criteria broadly encompassed many current and future science opportunities, and the components were built for quick repair or replacement, to minimize down-time. Examples include a quick change shutter, filter drive components accessible from the exterior and redundant amplifiers on the detector. The detector is a Semiconductor Technology Associates (STA) device with several key properties (e.g. high quantum efficiency, low read-noise, quick readout, minimal fringing, operational bandpass 350-950nm). Focal reducing optics (f/10.3 to f/8.0) were built to control aberrations over a 7.8'x7.8' field, with a plate scale of 0.11" per 0.15 micron pixel. The instrument body and dewar were designed to be simple and robust with only two components to the structure forward of the dewar, which in turn has minimal feedthroughs and permeation areas and holds a vacuum
Published: 2016
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8. Investigating interoperability of the LSST Data Management software stack with Astropy

Author: James Bosch, Russell Owen, Tim Jenness, Erik Tollerud, K. Simon Krughoff, John K. Parejko, Pim Schellart, Miguel de Val-Borro, Robert H. Lupton, Jonathan Sick, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, K. T. Lim, John D. Swinbank, Chiozzi, Gianluca, and Guzman, Juan C.
Subjects: Source lines of code, Computer science, business.industry, Data management, media_common.quotation_subject, Interoperability, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Python (programming language), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Pipeline (software), law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Software, law, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Operating system, Software engineering, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
Abstract: The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will be an 8.4m optical survey telescope sited in Chile and capable of imaging the entire sky twice a week. The data rate of approximately 15TB per night and the requirements to both issue alerts on transient sources within 60 seconds of observing and create annual data releases means that automated data management systems and data processing pipelines are a key deliverable of the LSST construction project. The LSST data management software has been in development since 2004 and is based on a C++ core with a Python control layer. The software consists of nearly a quarter of a million lines of code covering the system from fundamental WCS and table libraries to pipeline environments and distributed process execution. The Astropy project began in 2011 as an attempt to bring together disparate open source Python projects and build a core standard infrastructure that can be used and built upon by the astronomy community. This project has been phenomenally successful in the years since it has begun and has grown to be the de facto standard for Python software in astronomy. Astropy brings with it considerable expectations from the community on how astronomy Python software should be developed and it is clear that by the time LSST is fully operational in the 2020s many of the prospective users of the LSST software stack will expect it to be fully interoperable with Astropy. In this paper we describe the overlap between the LSST science pipeline software and Astropy software and investigate areas where the LSST software provides new functionality. We also discuss the possibilities of re-engineering the LSST science pipeline software to build upon Astropy, including the option of contributing affliated packages.
Published: 2016

9. Regularization techniques for PSF-matching kernels - I. Choice of kernel basis

Author: Andrew J. Connolly, Russell Owen, Andrew C. Becker, Christopher R. Genovese, Robert H. Lupton, Steven J. Bickerton, and Darren Homrighausen
Subjects: Series (mathematics), Basis (linear algebra), Space and Planetary Science, Kernel (statistics), Degrees of freedom (statistics), Estimator, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Basis function, Overfitting, Algorithm, Regularization (mathematics), Mathematics
Abstract: We review current methods for building PSF-matching kernels for the purposes of image subtraction or coaddition. Such methods use a linear decomposition of the kernel on a series of basis functions. The correct choice of these basis functions is fundamental to the efficiency and effectiveness of the matching - the chosen bases should represent the underlying signal using a reasonably small number of shapes, and/or have a minimum number of user-adjustable tuning parameters. We examine methods whose bases comprise multiple Gauss-Hermite polynomials, as well as a form free basis composed of delta-functions. Kernels derived from delta-functions are unsurprisingly shown to be more expressive; they are able to take more general shapes and perform better in situations where sum-of-Gaussian methods are known to fail. However, due to its many degrees of freedom (the maximum number allowed by the kernel size) this basis tends to overfit the problem, and yields noisy kernels having large variance. We introduce a new technique to regularize these delta-function kernel solutions, which bridges the gap between the generality of delta-function kernels, and the compactness of sum-of-Gaussian kernels. Through this regularization we are able to create general kernel solutions that represent the intrinsic shape of the PSF-matching kernel with only one degree of freedom, the strength of the regularization lambda. The role of lambda is effectively to exchange variance in the resulting difference image with variance in the kernel itself. We examine considerations in choosing the value of lambda, including statistical risk estimators and the ability of the solution to predict solutions for adjacent areas. Both of these suggest moderate strengths of lambda between 0.1 and 1.0, although this optimization is likely dataset dependent.
Published: 2012
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10. THE SEVENTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY

Author: Kevork N. Abazajian, Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy, Marcel A. Agüeros, Sahar S. Allam, Carlos Allende Prieto, Deokkeun An, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, J. C. Barentine, Bruce A. Bassett, Andrew C. Becker, Timothy C. Beers, Eric F. Bell, Vasily Belokurov, Andreas A. Berlind, Eileen F. Berman, Mariangela Bernardi, Steven J. Bickerton, Dmitry Bizyaev, John P. Blakeslee, Michael R. Blanton, John J. Bochanski, William N. Boroski, Howard J. Brewington, Jarle Brinchmann, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tamás Budavári, Larry N. Carey, Samuel Carliles, Michael A. Carr, Francisco J. Castander, David Cinabro, A. J. Connolly, István Csabai, Carlos E. Cunha, Paul C. Czarapata, James R. A. Davenport, Ernst de Haas, Ben Dilday, Mamoru Doi, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, N. W. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Boris T. Gänsicke, Evalyn Gates, Bruce Gillespie, G. Gilmore, Belinda Gonzalez, Carlos F. Gonzalez, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Zsuzsanna Györy, Patrick B. Hall, Paul Harding, Frederick H. Harris, Michael Harvanek, Suzanne L. Hawley, Jeffrey J. E. Hayes, Timothy M. Heckman, John S. Hendry, Gregory S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, J. Hoblitt, Craig J. Hogan, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Joseph B. Hyde, Shin-ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, Myungshin Im, Željko Ivezić, Sebastian Jester, Linhua Jiang, Jennifer A. Johnson, Anders M. Jorgensen, Mario Jurić, Stephen M. Kent, R. Kessler, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Kohki Konishi, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesinski, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Hubert Lampeitl, Svetlana Lebedeva, Myung Gyoon Lee, Young Sun Lee, R. French Leger, Sébastien Lépine, Nolan Li, Marcos Lima, Huan Lin, Daniel C. Long, Craig P. Loomis, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Eugene Magnier, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, Rachel Mandelbaum, Bruce Margon, John P. Marriner, David Martínez-Delgado, Takahiko Matsubara, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Heather L. Morrison, Fergal Mullally, Jeffrey A. Munn, Tara Murphy, Thomas Nash, Ada Nebot, Eric H. Neilsen, Heidi Jo Newberg, Peter R. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, Sadanori Okamura, Daniel J. Oravetz, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Kaike Pan, Changbom Park, George Pauls, John Peoples, Will J. Percival, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian C. Pope, Dimitri Pourbaix, Paul A. Price, Norbert Purger, Thomas Quinn, M. Jordan Raddick, Paola Re Fiorentin, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Adam G. Riess, Hans-Walter Rix, Constance M. Rockosi, Masao Sako, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Ralf-Dieter Scholz, Matthias R. Schreiber, Axel D. Schwope, Uroš Seljak, Branimir Sesar, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, Valena C. Sibley, A. E. Simmons, Thirupathi Sivarani, J. Allyn Smith, Martin C. Smith, Vernesa Smolčić, Stephanie A. Snedden, Albert Stebbins, Matthias Steinmetz, Chris Stoughton, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Yasushi Suto, Alexander S. Szalay, István Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Masayuki Tanaka, Max Tegmark, Luis F. A. Teodoro, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy A. Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, S. Vidrih, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Yogesh Wadadekar, Shannon Watters, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Brian C. Wilhite, Alainna C. Wonders, Brian Yanny, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Idit Zehavi, Stefano Zibetti, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: Cosmology and Gravitation, Astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, atlases, catalogs, surveys, law.invention, Photometry (optics), law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Imaging systems in astronomy, Stars--Observations, Celestial equator, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrometry, Astrograph, Galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky
Abstract: This paper describes the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), marking the completion of the original goals of the SDSS and the end of the phase known as SDSS-II. It includes 11663 deg^2 of imaging data, with most of the roughly 2000 deg^2 increment over the previous data release lying in regions of low Galactic latitude. The catalog contains five-band photometry for 357 million distinct objects. The survey also includes repeat photometry over 250 deg^2 along the Celestial Equator in the Southern Galactic Cap. A coaddition of these data goes roughly two magnitudes fainter than the main survey. The spectroscopy is now complete over a contiguous area of 7500 deg^2 in the Northern Galactic Cap, closing the gap that was present in previous data releases. There are over 1.6 million spectra in total, including 930,000 galaxies, 120,000 quasars, and 460,000 stars. The data release includes improved stellar photometry at low Galactic latitude. The astrometry has all been recalibrated with the second version of the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC-2), reducing the rms statistical errors at the bright end to 45 milli-arcseconds per coordinate. A systematic error in bright galaxy photometr is less severe than previously reported for the majority of galaxies. Finally, we describe a series of improvements to the spectroscopic reductions, including better flat-fielding and improved wavelength calibration at the blue end, better processing of objects with extremely strong narrow emission lines, and an improved determination of stellar metallicities. (Abridged), Comment: 20 pages, 10 embedded figures. Accepted to ApJS after minor corrections
Published: 2009
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11. The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

Author: Shadab Alam, Franco D. Albareti, Carlos Allende Prieto, F. Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Timothy Anderton, Brett H. Andrews, Eric Armengaud, Éric Aubourg, Stephen Bailey, Sarbani Basu, Julian E. Bautista, Rachael L. Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, Chad F. Bender, Andreas A. Berlind, Florian Beutler, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Cullen H. Blake, Michael R. Blanton, Michael Blomqvist, John J. Bochanski, Adam S. Bolton, Jo Bovy, A. Shelden Bradley, W. N. Brandt, D. E. Brauer, J. Brinkmann, Peter J. Brown, Joel R. Brownstein, Angela Burden, Etienne Burtin, Nicolás G. Busca, Zheng Cai, Diego Capozzi, Aurelio Carnero Rosell, Michael A. Carr, Ricardo Carrera, K. C. Chambers, William James Chaplin, Yen-Chi Chen, Cristina Chiappini, S. Drew Chojnowski, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Nicolas Clerc, Johan Comparat, Kevin Covey, Rupert A. C. Croft, Antonio J. Cuesta, Katia Cunha, Luiz N. da Costa, Nicola Da Rio, James R. A. Davenport, Kyle S. Dawson, Nathan De Lee, Timothée Delubac, Rohit Deshpande, Saurav Dhital, Letícia Dutra-Ferreira, Tom Dwelly, Anne Ealet, Garrett L. Ebelke, Edward M. Edmondson, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Tristan Ellsworth, Yvonne Elsworth, Courtney R. Epstein, Michael Eracleous, Stephanie Escoffier, Massimiliano Esposito, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Emma Fernández-Alvar, Diane Feuillet, Nurten Filiz Ak, Hayley Finley, Alexis Finoguenov, Kevin Flaherty, Scott W. Fleming, Andreu Font-Ribera, Jonathan Foster, Peter M. Frinchaboy, J. G. Galbraith-Frew, Rafael A. García, D. A. García-Hernández, Ana E. García Pérez, Patrick Gaulme, Jian Ge, R. Génova-Santos, A. Georgakakis, Luan Ghezzi, Bruce A. Gillespie, Léo Girardi, Daniel Goddard, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho, Jonay I. González Hernández, Eva K. Grebel, Paul J. Green, Jan Niklas Grieb, Nolan Grieves, James E. Gunn, Hong Guo, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Suzanne L. Hawley, Michael Hayden, Fred R. Hearty, Saskia Hekker, Shirley Ho, David W. Hogg, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, Jon A. Holtzman, Klaus Honscheid, Daniel Huber, Joseph Huehnerhoff, Inese I. Ivans, Linhua Jiang, Jennifer A. Johnson, Karen Kinemuchi, David Kirkby, Francisco Kitaura, Mark A. Klaene, Gillian R. Knapp, Jean-Paul Kneib, Xavier P. Koenig, Charles R. Lam, Ting-Wen Lan, Dustin Lang, Pierre Laurent, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Alexie Leauthaud, Khee-Gan Lee, Young Sun Lee, Timothy C. Licquia, Jian Liu, Daniel C. Long, Martín López-Corredoira, Diego Lorenzo-Oliveira, Sara Lucatello, Britt Lundgren, Robert H. Lupton, Claude E. Mack III, Suvrath Mahadevan, Marcio A. G. Maia, Steven R. Majewski, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, A. Manchado, Marc Manera, Qingqing Mao, Claudia Maraston, Robert C. Marchwinski, Daniel Margala, Sarah L. Martell, Marie Martig, Karen L. Masters, Savita Mathur, Cameron K. McBride, Peregrine M. McGehee, Ian D. McGreer, Richard G. McMahon, Brice Ménard, Marie-Luise Menzel, Andrea Merloni, Szabolcs Mészáros, Adam A. Miller, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Hironao Miyatake, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, Surhud More, Eric Morganson, Xan Morice-Atkinson, Heather L. Morrison, Benôit Mosser, Demitri Muna, Adam D. Myers, Kirpal Nandra, Jeffrey A. Newman, Mark Neyrinck, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Robert C. Nichol, David L. Nidever, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Sebastián E. Nuza, Julia E. O’Connell, Robert W. O’Connell, Ross O’Connell, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Matthew D. Olmstead, Audrey E. Oravetz, Daniel J. Oravetz, Keisuke Osumi, Russell Owen, Deborah L. Padgett, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Martin Paegert, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Kaike Pan, John K. Parejko, Isabelle Pâris, Changbom Park, Petchara Pattarakijwanich, M. Pellejero-Ibanez, Joshua Pepper, Will J. Percival, Ismael Pérez-Fournon, Ignasi Pe´rez-Ra`fols, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc H. Pinsonneault, Gustavo F. Porto de Mello, Francisco Prada, Abhishek Prakash, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Pavlos Protopapas, M. Jordan Raddick, Mubdi Rahman, Beth A. Reid, James Rich, Hans-Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, Constance M. Rockosi, Thaíse S. Rodrigues, Sergio Rodríguez-Torres, Natalie A. Roe, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Ross, Graziano Rossi, John J. Ruan, J. A. Rubiño-Martín, Eli S. Rykoff, Salvador Salazar-Albornoz, Mara Salvato, Lado Samushia, Ariel G. Sánchez, Basílio Santiago, Conor Sayres, Ricardo P. Schiavon, David J. Schlegel, Sarah J. Schmidt, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel D. Schwope, C. G. Scóccola, Caroline Scott, Kris Sellgren, Hee-Jong Seo, Aldo Serenelli, Neville Shane, Yue Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Yiping Shu, V. Silva Aguirre, Thirupathi Sivarani, M. F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Verne V. Smith, Flávia Sobreira, Diogo Souto, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Dennis Stello, Michael A. Strauss, Alina Streblyanska, Nao Suzuki, Molly E. C. Swanson, Jonathan C. Tan, Jamie Tayar, Ryan C. Terrien, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Daniel Thomas, Neil Thomas, Benjamin A. Thompson, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Nicholas W. Troup, Mariana Vargas-Magaña, Jose A. Vazquez, Licia Verde, Matteo Viel, Nicole P. Vogt, David A. Wake, Ji Wang, Benjamin A. Weaver, David H. Weinberg, Benjamin J. Weiner, Martin White, John C. Wilson, John P. Wisniewski, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Christophe Ye`che, Donald G. York, Nadia L. Zakamska, O. Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Idit Zehavi, Gong-Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Xu Zhou (周旭), Zhimin Zhou (周志民), Hu Zou (邹虎), Guangtun Zhu, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SDSS Collaboration, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, CHN, and Department of Physics
Subjects: 10TH DATA RELEASE, OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], SOLAR-LIKE STARS, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, QB, media_common, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Celestial sphere, Composicao estelar, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, atlases, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS, FIXED-DELAY INTERFEROMETRY, Cosmology and Gravitation, astro-ph.SR, GALACTIC EVOLUTION EXPERIMENT, astro-ph.GA, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, catalogs, surveys, Movimento estelar, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, BROWN DWARF CANDIDATE, LOW-MASS STELLAR, ST/J500665/1, Galáxias, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Quasars, Spectrograph, STFC, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], RCUK, Astronomy, Física, DAS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Espectros estelares, Galaxy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 1ST DATA RELEASE, Stars, QC Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Catalogos astronomicos, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 sq. deg of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-Object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 2350 sq. deg of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 sq. deg; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5,513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra., Comment: DR12 data are available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr12. 30 pages. 11 figures. Accepted to ApJS
Published: 2015
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12. The Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Kevork Abazajian, Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy, Marcel A. Agüeros, Sahar S. Allam, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Ivan K. Baldry, Steven Bastian, Andreas Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, John J. Bochanski, Jr., William N. Boroski, Howard J. Brewington, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tamás Budavári, Larry N. Carey, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, Kevin R. Covey, István Csabai, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Mamoru Doi, Feng Dong, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Bruce Gillespie, Karl Glazebrook, Jim Gray, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Patrick B. Hall, Masaru Hamabe, Daniel Harbeck, Frederick H. Harris, Hugh C. Harris, Michael Harvanek, Suzanne L. Hawley, Jeffrey Hayes, Timothy M. Heckman, John S. Hendry, Gregory S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, Craig J. Hogan, David W. Hogg, Donald J. Holmgren, Jon A. Holtzman, Shin-ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Sebastian Jester, David E. Johnston, Anders M. Jorgensen, Mario Jurić, Stephen M. Kent, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Alexei Yu. Kniazev, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesinski, Donald Q. Lamb, Hubert Lampeitl, Brian C. Lee, Huan Lin, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Ed Mannery, Bruce Margon, David Martínez-Delgado, Takahiko Matsubara, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Brice Ménard, Jeffrey A. Munn, Thomas Nash, Eric H. Neilsen, Jr., Heidi Jo Newberg, Peter R. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, Sadanori Okamura, William O'Mullane, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, George Pauls, John Peoples, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian C. Pope, Dimitri Pourbaix, Thomas R. Quinn, M. Jordan Raddick, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Hans-Walter Rix, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Joshua Schroeder, Ryan Scranton, Maki Sekiguchi, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, Nicole M. Silvestri, J. Allyn Smith, Vernesa Smolčić, Stephanie A. Snedden, Albert Stebbins, Chris Stoughton, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, István Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Gyula P. Szokoly, Max Tegmark, Luis Teodoro, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Lucianne M. Walkowicz, Shu-i Wang, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Brian C. Wilhite, Yongzhong Xu, Brian Yanny, Naoki Yasuda, Ching-Wa Yip, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Idit Zehavi, Stefano Zibetti, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: Physics, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika. Astronomija i astrofizika, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Imaging data, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, atlases, surveys, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, Data release, catalogs, media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract: This paper describes the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This release, containing data taken up through June 2003, includes imaging data in five bands over 5282 deg^2, photometric and astrometric catalogs of the 141 million objects detected in these imaging data, and spectra of 528,640 objects selected over 4188 deg^2. The pipelines analyzing both images and spectroscopy are unchanged from those used in our Second Data Release., 14 pages, including 2 postscript figures. Submitted to AJ. Data available at http://www.sdss.org/dr3
Published: 2005
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13. The Second Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Kevork Abazajian, Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy, Marcel A. Agüeros, Sahar S. Allam, Kurt, S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Ivan K. Baldry, Steven Bastian, Andreas Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, John J. Bochanski, Jr., William N. Boroski, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tamás Budavári, Larry N. Carey, Samuel Carliles, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Feng Dong, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Roy R. Gal, Bruce Gillespie, Karl Glazebrook, Jim Gray, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Patrick B. Hall, Masaru Hamabe, Frederick H. Harris, Hugh C. Harris, Michael Harvanek, Timothy M. Heckman, John S. Hendry, Gregory S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, Craig J. Hogan, David W. Hogg, Donald J. Holmgren, Shin-ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Sebastian Jester, David E. Johnston, Anders M. Jorgensen, Stephen M. Kent, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Alexei Yu. Kniazev, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesinski, Peter Z. Kunszt, Nickolai Kuropatkin, Donald Q. Lamb, Hubert Lampeitl, Brian C. Lee, R. French Leger, Nolan Li, Huan Lin, Yeong-Shang Loh, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Tanu Malik, Bruce Margon, Takahiko Matsubara, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Jeffrey A. Munn, Reiko Nakajima, Thomas Nash, Eric H. Neilsen, Jr., Heidi Jo Newberg, Peter R. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, Sadanori Okamura, William O'Mullane, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, John Peoples, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian C. Pope, Thomas R. Quinn, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Hans-Walter Rix, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Ryan Scranton, Maki Sekiguchi, Uros Seljak, Gary Sergey, Branimir Sesar, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, Nicole M. Silvestri, J. Allyn Smith, Vernesa Smolčić, Stephanie A. Snedden, Albert Stebbins, Chris Stoughton, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, István Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Gyula P. Szokoly, Max Tegmark, Luis Teodoro, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Lucianne M. Walkowicz, Shu-i Wang, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Brian C. Wilhite, Yongzhong Xu, Brian Yanny, Naoki Yasuda, Ching-Wa Yip, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Idit Zehavi, Stefano Zibetti, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: Point spread function, Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Stellar classification, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, Galaxy, atlases, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, Photometry (astronomy), Stars, Software, surveys, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, business, catalogs, media_common
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has validated and made publicly available its Second Data Release. This data release consists of 3324 square degrees of five-band (u g r i z) imaging data with photometry for over 88 million unique objects, 367,360 spectra of galaxies, quasars, stars and calibrating blank sky patches selected over 2627 degrees of this area, and tables of measured parameters from these data. The imaging data reach a depth of r ~ 22.2 (95% completeness limit for point sources) and are photometrically and astrometrically calibrated to 2% rms and 100 milli-arcsec rms per coordinate, respectively. The imaging data have all been processed through a new version of the SDSS imaging pipeline, in which the most important improvement since the last data release is fixing an error in the model fits to each object. The result is that model magnitudes are now a good proxy for point spread function (PSF) magnitudes for point sources, and Petrosian magnitudes for extended sources. The spectroscopy extends from 3800 A to 9200 A at a resolution of 2000. The spectroscopic software now repairs a systematic error in the radial velocities of certain types of stars, and has substantially improved spectrophotometry. All data included in the SDSS Early Data Release and First Data Release are reprocessed with the improved pipelines, and included in the Second Data Release. The data are publically available as of 2004 March 15 via the web sites http://www.sdss.org/dr2 and http://skyserver.sdss.org ., 24 pages, submitted to AJ. See ftp://ftp.astro.princeton.edu/strauss/sdss/dr2.ps for high-resolution figures
Published: 2004
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14. Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early Data Release

Author: Eric H. Neilsen, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Zoltan Haiman, Brian McLean, Jeffrey R. Pier, Heidi Jo Newberg, Takashi Ichikawa, Michael Odenkirchen, Claudio H. Rivetta, Shu I. Wang, Sadanori Okamura, Don Petravick, John Peoples, Atsuko Nitta, Xiaohui Fan, Peter R. Newman, Stephanie A. Snedden, Damian J. Christian, Jim Gray, Gordon T. Richards, Zlatan Tsvetanov, Eva K. Grebel, Amanda E. Bauer, Angela Prosapio, Stephen B. Bracker, Hans-Walter Rix, Idit Zehavi, M. Haldeman, Christopher W. Stubbs, Michael A. Strauss, Paula Szkody, Robert H. Lupton, Scott F. Anderson, Scott Dodelson, G. Sergey, Naoki Yasuda, James Annis, Vijay K. Narayanan, Craig L. Loomis, Mariangela Bernardi, Masaru Hamabe, David H. Weinberg, Larry N. Carey, Walter Dehnen, Mark SubbaRao, Wolfgang Voges, David W. Hogg, Ernst De Haas, Timothy A. McKay, Megan Donahue, Zeljko Ivezic, John Korienek, Roy R. Gal, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Aronne Merelli, Craig J. Hogan, Jon Arne Bakken, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Paul C. Czarapata, Michael Harvanek, Bruce Margon, Karl Glazebrook, Maki Sekiguchi, Ravi K. Sheth, Robert Rosner, István Csabai, Charles L. Hull, David J. Schlegel, Jon A. Holtzman, Rene A. M. Walterbos, Peregrine M. McGehee, Guinevere Kauffmann, Ryan Scranton, Hans Böhringer, Brian Yanny, Brian C. Lee, Masataka Fukugita, James H. Crocker, Robert J. Brunner, Gretchen Greene, Donald G. York, Paul M. Mantsch, Bing Chen, S. J. Kleinman, Mamoru Doi, Osamu Nakamura, Anatoly Klypin, David Johnston, Rita S. J. Kim, L. Eyer, John E. Anderson, T. Nicinski, D. Wolfe, Bruce Greenawalt, Gregory S. Hennessy, Wei Zheng, Michael A. Carr, Douglas L. Tucker, Timothy M. Heckman, Simon D. M. White, K. Shimasaku, Andrew J. Connolly, Dale Sandford, Jon Brinkmann, Donald P. Schneider, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Matthias Bartelmann, Brian R. Elms, Edward J. Mannery, Scott Burles, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Michael Richmond, Thomas R. Quinn, Peter Z. Kunszt, Chris Stoughton, Houjun Mo, R. S. Peterson, Carl Lindenmeyer, Stephen A. Smee, Richard G. Kron, Hugh C. Harris, Francisco J. Castander, Amina Helmi, Tim Kimball, T. Dombeck, Jennifer Adelman, Julian H. Krolik, David G. Monet, Chih-Hao Huang, Jeffrey J. E. Hayes, Scott D. Friedman, S. Kent, Brad M. S. Hansen, Steven Bastian, Neta A. Bahcall, Russell Owen, Dan Long, Albert Stebbins, Gyula P. Szokoly, Siriluk Limmongkol, Patrick L. Colestock, R. Rechenmacher, Michael R. Blanton, Ruth Pordes, Richard L. White, George Pauls, Michael S. Vogeley, Patrick B. Hall, Kristen Menou, John W. Briggs, Joshua A. Frieman, Brian C. Wilhite, Jeffrey A. Munn, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Donald J. Holmgren, Michael L. Evans, Robert B. Hindsley, E. Kinney, Bryan Mackinnon, Frederick H. Harris, Thomas Nash, J. Allyn Smith, Jurek Krzesinski, James E. Gunn, John Eric Davis, Alan Uomoto, Jon Loveday, A. A. Henden, E. Berman, Suzanne L. Hawley, Masaru Watanabe, Nancy Ellman, Marc Postman, Adrian Pope, Patrick Waddell, Constance M. Rockosi, István Szapudi, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, William N. Boroski, Charlie Briegel, Glenn R. Federwitz, Avery Meiksin, Gillian R. Knapp, Robert C. Nichol, Arthur F. Davidsen, S. Tabachnik, K. Ruthmansdorfer, Mark A. Klaene, Bruce Gillespie, Alexander S. Szalay, and Norio Okada
Subjects: Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Celestial equator, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Celestial sphere, Quasar, Astrophysics, Segue, Galaxy, Data set, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, media_common
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is an imaging and spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately one-quarter of the celestial sphere and collect spectra of ≈106 galaxies, 100,000 quasars, 30,000 stars, and 30,000 serendipity targets. In 2001 June, the SDSS released to the general astronomical community its early data release, roughly 462 deg2 of imaging data including almost 14 million detected objects and 54,008 follow-up spectra. The imaging data were collected in drift-scan mode in five bandpasses (u, g, r, i, and z); our 95% completeness limits for stars are 22.0, 22.2, 22.2, 21.3, and 20.5, respectively. The photometric calibration is reproducible to 5%, 3%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The spectra are flux- and wavelength-calibrated, with 4096 pixels from 3800 to 9200 A at R ≈ 1800. We present the means by which these data are distributed to the astronomical community, descriptions of the hardware used to obtain the data, the software used for processing the data, the measured quantities for each observed object, and an overview of the properties of this data set.
Published: 2002
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15. Composite Quasar Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Gordon T. Richards, Amanda Bauer, Michael A. Strauss, Donald P. Schneider, Timothy M. Heckman, Donald G. York, Patrick B. Hall, Xiaohui Fan, G. R. Knapp, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Mariangela Bernardi, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, J. H. Crocker, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Douglas Finkbeiner, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, G. S. Hennessy, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, Peter Z. Kunszt, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Heidi Jo Newberg, Matt Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Chris Stoughton, Christopher Stubbs, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Christy Tremonti, Alan Uomoto, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, and Wei Zheng
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Balmer series, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Emission spectrum, Forbidden mechanism, OVV quasar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We have created a variety of composite quasar spectra using a homogeneous data set of over 2200 spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The quasar sample spans a redshift range of 0.044, 40 pages, including 11 postscript figures, accepted by AJ; for the full version of table 1, see: ftp://sdss.fnal.gov/pub/danvb/qsocomposite/sdss_qso_median.tab1
Published: 2001
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16. Colors of 2625 Quasars at 0 < [ITAL][CLC]z[/CLC][/ITAL] < 5 Measured in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System

Author: Gordon T. Richards, Xiaohui Fan, Donald P. Schneider, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Michael A. Strauss, Donald G. York, John E. Anderson, Jr., Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Mariangela Bernardi, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, J. H. Crocker, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Douglas Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, Robert B. Hindsley, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, G. R. Knapp, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merrelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Heidi Jo Newberg, Matt Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Michael W. Richmond, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Chris Stoughton, Christopher Stubbs, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Christy Tremonti, Alan Uomoto, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, and Wei Zheng
Subjects: Physics, Spectral index, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Celestial equator, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Photometric system, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift, Photometry (optics), Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Continuum (set theory), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We present an empirical investigation of the colors of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric system. The sample studied includes 2625 quasars with SDSS photometry. The quasars are distributed in a 2.5 degree wide stripe centered on the Celestial Equator covering $\sim529$ square degrees. Positions and SDSS magnitudes are given for the 898 quasars known prior to SDSS spectroscopic commissioning. New SDSS quasars represent an increase of over 200% in the number of known quasars in this area of the sky. The ensemble average of the observed colors of quasars in the SDSS passbands are well represented by a power-law continuum with $\alpha_{\nu} = -0.5$ ($f_{\nu} \propto \nu^{\alpha}$). However, the contributions of the $3000 {\rm \AA}$ bump and other strong emission lines have a significant effect upon the colors. The color-redshift relation exhibits considerable structure, which may be of use in determining photometric redshifts for quasars. The range of colors can be accounted for by a range in the optical spectral index with a distribution $\alpha_{\nu}=-0.5\pm0.65$ (95% confidence), but there is a red tail in the distribution. This tail may be a sign of internal reddening. Finally, we show that there is a continuum of properties between quasars and Seyfert galaxies and we test the validity of the traditional division between the two classes of AGN.
Published: 2001
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17. The First Hour of Extragalactic Data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Spectroscopic Commissioning: The Coma Cluster

Author: Francisco J. Castander, Robert C. Nichol, Aronne Merrelli, Scott Burles, Adrian Pope, Andrew J. Connolly, Alan Uomoto, James E. Gunn, John E. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, William N. Boroski, Jon Brinkmann, Larry Carey, James H. Crocker, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Scott D. Friedman, Eric J. Hilton, Robert B. Hindsley, Željko Ivezić, Steve Kent, Donald Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Harvey MacGillivray, Avery Meiksin, Jeffrey A. Munn, Matt Newcomb, Sadanori Okamura, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Walter Seigmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Larry Starkman, Chris Stoughton, Gyula P. Szokoly, Christopher Stubbs, Mark SubbaRao, Alex Szalay, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, and Donald G. York
Subjects: Physics, Active galactic nucleus, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Velocity dispersion, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Coma (optics), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Stellar classification, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Coma Cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: On 26 May 1999, one of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) fiber-fed spectrographs saw astronomical first light. This was followed by the first spectroscopic commissioning run during the dark period of June 1999. We present here the first hour of extra-galactic spectroscopy taken during these early commissioning stages: an observation of the Coma cluster of galaxies. Our data samples the Southern part of this cluster, out to a radius of 1.5degrees and thus fully covers the NGC 4839 group. We outline in this paper the main characteristics of the SDSS spectroscopic systems and provide redshifts and spectral classifications for 196 Coma galaxies, of which 45 redshifts are new. For the 151 galaxies in common with the literature, we find excellent agreement between our redshift determinations and the published values. As part of our analysis, we have investigated four different spectral classification algorithms: spectral line strengths, a principal component decomposition, a wavelet analysis and the fitting of spectral synthesis models to the data. We find that a significant fraction (25%) of our observed Coma galaxies show signs of recent star-formation activity and that the velocity dispersion of these active galaxies (emission-line and post-starburst galaxies) is 30% larger than the absorption-line galaxies. We also find no active galaxies within the central (projected) 200 h-1 Kpc of the cluster. The spatial distribution of our Coma active galaxies is consistent with that found at higher redshift for the CNOC1 cluster survey. Beyond the core region, the fraction of bright active galaxies appears to rise slowly out to the virial radius and are randomly distributed within the cluster with no apparent correlation with the potential merger of the NGC 4839 group. [ABRIDGED], Accepted in AJ, 65 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2001
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18. The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in SDSS Commissioning Data

Author: Michael R. Blanton, Julianne Dalcanton, Daniel Eisenstein, Jon Loveday, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, David H. Weinberg, John E. Anderson, Jr., James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Mariangela Bernardi, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, Andrew J. Connolly, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Douglas Finkbeiner, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, G. S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, David W. Hogg, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, G. R. Knapp, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Robert H. Lupton, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Vijay Narayanan, Matt Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Sadanori Okamura, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Marc Postman, Thomas Quinn, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Chris Stoughton, Christopher Stubbs, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Dan Vanden Berk, Michael S. Vogeley, Patrick Waddell, Brian Yanny, Naoki Yasuda, and Donald G. York
Subjects: Physics, Field galaxy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift survey, Galaxy, Redshift, Luminosity, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Surface brightness, Las Campanas Redshift Survey, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy)
Abstract: During commissioning observations, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has produced one of the largest existing galaxy redshift samples selected from CCD images. Using 11,275 galaxies complete to r^* = 17.6 over 140 square degrees, we compute the luminosity function of galaxies in the r^* band over a range -23 < M < -16 (for h=1). The result is well-described by a Schechter function with parameters phi_* = 0.0146 +/- 0.0012 h^3 Mpc^{-3}, M_* = -20.83 +/- 0.03, and alpha = -1.20 +/- 0.03. The implied luminosity density in r^* is j = (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10^8 h L_sun Mpc^{-3}. The surface brightness selection threshold has a negligible impact for M < -18. We measure the luminosity function in the u^*, g^*, i^*, and z^* bands as well; the slope at low luminosities ranges from alpha=-1.35 to alpha=-1.2. We measure the bivariate distribution of r^* luminosity with half-light surface brightness, intrinsic color, and morphology. High surface brightness, red, highly concentrated galaxies are on average more luminous than low surface brightness, blue, less concentrated galaxies. If we synthesize results for R-band or b_j-band using the Petrosian magnitudes with which the SDSS measures galaxy fluxes, we obtain luminosity densities 2.0 times that found by the Las Campanas Redshift Survey in R and 1.4 times that found by the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey in b_j. We are able to reproduce the luminosity functions obtained by these surveys if we also mimic their isophotal limits for defining galaxy magnitudes, which are shallower and more redshift dependent than the Petrosian magnitudes used by the SDSS. (Abridged), 49 pages, including 23 figures, accepted by AJ; some minor textual changes, plus an important change in comparison to LCRS
Published: 2001
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19. Weak Lensing with Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data: The Galaxy-Mass Correlation Function to 1 [CLC][ITAL]h[/ITAL][/CLC][TSUP]−1[/TSUP] M[CLC]pc[/CLC]

Author: Aniruddha R. Thakar, Jeffrey A. Munn, Heidi Jo Newberg, Robert B. Hindsley, Robert H. Lupton, Thomas Nash, Timothy A. McKay, J. Allyn Smith, Neta A. Bahcall, Charles L. Hull, Gyula P. Szokoly, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Albert Stebbins, Željko Ivezić, Alexander S. Szalay, James E. Gunn, Patrick Waddell, David Johnston, Gregory S. Hennessy, Constance M. Rockosi, Michael A. Carr, Joshua A. Frieman, Gary Bernstein, István Csabai, David H. Weinberg, James Annis, Bhuvnesh Jain, Philippe Fischer, J. Brinkmann, Donald G. York, M. Joffre, Chris Stoughton, Donald P. Schneider, Siriluk Limmongkol, Andrew J. Connolly, Michael S. Vogeley, Gillian R. Knapp, and Erin S. Sheldon
Subjects: Luminous infrared galaxy, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxy group, 0103 physical sciences, Elliptical galaxy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing
Abstract: We present measurements of galaxy-galaxy weak lensing from 225 deg2 of early commissioning imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We measure a mean tangential shear around a stacked sample of foreground galaxies in three bandpasses (g', r', and i') out to angular radii of 600'', detecting the shear signal at very high statistical significance. The shear profile is well described by a power law γT = γT0(1'/θ)η, with best-fit slope of η = 0.7–1.1 (95% confidence). In the range θ = 10''–600'', the mean tangential shear is approximately 6 ± 1 × 10-4 in all three bands. A variety of rigorous tests demonstrate the reality of the gravitational lensing signal and confirm the uncertainty estimates. In particular, we obtain shear measurements consistent with zero when we rotate the background galaxies by 45°, replace foreground galaxies with random points, or replace foreground galaxies with bright stars. We interpret our results by assuming that all matter correlated with galaxies belongs to the galaxies. We model the mass distributions of the foreground galaxies, which have a mean luminosity L(θ 140'', corresponding to a physical radius of 260 h-1 kpc, implying that the dark halos of typical luminous galaxies extend to very large radii. However, it is likely that this is being systematically biased to large value by diffuse matter in the halos of groups and clusters of galaxies. We also present a preliminary determination of the galaxy-mass correlation function, finding a correlation length similar to the galaxy autocorrelation function and consistency with a low matter density universe with modest bias. The full SDSS will cover an area 44 times larger and provide spectroscopic redshifts for the foreground galaxies, making it possible to improve greatly the precision of these constraints, to measure additional parameters such as halo shape and halo concentration, and to measure the properties of dark matter halos separately for many different classes of galaxies.
Published: 2000
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20. The Multi-object, Fiber-fed Spectrographs for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

Author: Elena Malanushenko, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael A. Carr, Alaina Shelden, Alan Uomoto, Jon Brinkmann, Kaike Pan, Edward J. Mannery, K. Honscheid, Stephen A. Smee, Matthew D. Olmstead, F. Leger, Robert H. Lupton, Natalie A. Roe, Paul G. Ricketts, Adrian Pope, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Patrick Waddell, Kyle S. Dawson, Audrey Simmons, Dale Sandford, Jon Loveday, Gillian R. Knapp, Mark SubbaRao, Scott Burles, James Annis, Stephanie A. Snedden, Walter A. Siegmund, Donald P. Schneider, Robert H. Barkhouser, Robert C. Nichol, Francisco J. Castander, Howard Brewington, Donald G. York, Christy Tremonti, Viktor Malanushenko, Charles L. H. Hull, Dmitry Bizyaev, Michael A. Strauss, David J. Schlegel, Daniel Oravetz, A. Merrelli, Paul D. Feldman, Russell Owen, James E. Gunn, Lauren Anderson, Constance M. Rockosi, David M. Lawrence, Scott D. Friedman, John W. Briggs, D. Smith, Paul Harding, James G. Burns, James R. A. Davenport, Garrett Ebelke, Timothy M. Heckman, Peter R. Newman, Adam S. Bolton, Demitri Muna, Andrew J. Connolly, Harland W. Epps, Craig Loomis, Dan Long, and Joshua A. Frieman
Subjects: Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, law.invention, Telescope, Boss, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, law, Sky, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We present the design and performance of the multi-object fiber spectrographs for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and their upgrade for the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Originally commissioned in Fall 1999 on the 2.5-m aperture Sloan Telescope at Apache Point Observatory, the spectrographs produced more than 1.5 million spectra for the SDSS and SDSS-II surveys, enabling a wide variety of Galactic and extra-galactic science including the first observation of baryon acoustic oscillations in 2005. The spectrographs were upgraded in 2009 and are currently in use for BOSS, the flagship survey of the third-generation SDSS-III project. BOSS will measure redshifts of 1.35 million massive galaxies to redshift 0.7 and Lyman-alpha absorption of 160,000 high redshift quasars over 10,000 square degrees of sky, making percent level measurements of the absolute cosmic distance scale of the Universe and placing tight constraints on the equation of state of dark energy. The twin multi-object fiber spectrographs utilize a simple optical layout with reflective collimators, gratings, all-refractive cameras, and state-of-the-art CCD detectors to produce hundreds of spectra simultaneously in two channels over a bandpass covering the near ultraviolet to the near infrared, with a resolving power R = \lambda/FWHM ~ 2000. Building on proven heritage, the spectrographs were upgraded for BOSS with volume-phase holographic gratings and modern CCD detectors, improving the peak throughput by nearly a factor of two, extending the bandpass to cover 360 < \lambda < 1000 nm, and increasing the number of fibers from 640 to 1000 per exposure. In this paper we describe the original SDSS spectrograph design and the upgrades implemented for BOSS, and document the predicted and measured performances.
Published: 2013

21. The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III

Author: Dan Long, Jean-Paul Kneib, Timothée Delubac, Ricardo Genova-Santos, Oliver Steele, Guinevere Kauffmann, Rupert A. C. Croft, Nicolás G. Busca, Will J. Percival, Marcio A. G. Maia, Tomer Tal, James Rich, Cullen H. Blake, Stephen A. Smee, Adam S. Bolton, Ashley J. Ross, Yiping Shu, Beatrice Jordan, Janine Pforr, Andreas A. Berlind, John K. Parejko, Kevin Bundy, Hayley Finley, Joel R. Brownstein, Johan Comparat, David J. Schlegel, Stephanie A. Snedden, Ian D. McGreer, Shirley Ho, D. Kirkby, Howard Brewington, Anže Slosar, James E. Gunn, Michael R. Blanton, Nao Suzuki, Christopher P. Ahn, Karen L. Masters, Fritz Stauffer, Licia Verde, Russell Owen, Jeremy L. Tinker, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Anne Ealet, Éric Aubourg, M. Jordan Raddick, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Benjamin A. Weaver, Francisco Prada, Mark A. Klaene, Claudia G. Scóccola, Michael A. Strauss, Alina Streblyanska, Kaike Pan, Arnaud Borde, Craig Loomis, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Natalia Connolly, Joe Huehnerhoff, Martin Makler, Daryl Haggard, Benjamin J. Weiner, Gong-Bo Zhao, Robert Pfaffenberger, A. Carnero, Martin White, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Antonio J. Cuesta, Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin, Stephen Bailey, Alessandra Beifiori, Patrick McDonald, Khee-Gan Lee, Jo Bovy, Nicholas P. Ross, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Francesco Montesano, Jon Brinkmann, Stephanie Escoffier, Matthew D. Olmstead, M. G. Watson, Natalie A. Roe, Michael A. Carr, Isabelle Pâris, Zheng Zheng, Rafael Rebolo, Gordon T. Richards, Hee-Jong Seo, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Britt Lundgren, Olga Mena, Yue Shen, Audrey Oravetz, Cameron K. McBride, Xiaohui Fan, Molly E. C. Swanson, Frances Cope, K. Honscheid, Graziano Rossi, Tracy Naugle, Matthew M. Pieri, David H. Weinberg, Robert H. Lupton, Viktor Malanushenko, Erin S. Sheldon, Michael Blomqvist, Donald P. Schneider, Luiz N. da Costa, Ben Harris, David W. Harris, Robert C. Nichol, Julian E. Bautista, James R. A. Davenport, Peter J. Brown, Saurav Dhital, Garrett Ebelke, Daniel Margala, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Hong Guo, Robert H. Barkhouser, N. Filiz Ak, Demitri Muna, Scott F. Anderson, Andrew A. West, Elena Malanushenko, Patrick B. Hall, Alaina Shelden, Yanmei Chen, M. Vargas Magaña, Ariel G. Sánchez, William Carithers, Lado Samushia, Dmitry Bizyaev, Kyle S. Dawson, Christy Tremonti, Conor Sayres, Sebastián E. Nuza, Roland de Putter, Diana Holder, Sarah J. Schmidt, Eyal A. Kazin, Richard G. McMahon, Wendell P. Jordan, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Idit Zehavi, Andreu Font-Ribera, W. N. Brandt, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, Christophe Yèche, Patrick Petitjean, Daniel Oravetz, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Ismael Perez-Fournon, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, Rita Tojeiro, David W. Hogg, Adam D. Myers, Daniel Thomas, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Matteo Viel, David A. Wake, Rachel Mandelbaum, Claudia Maraston, Constance M. Rockosi, Masayuki Tanaka, Marc Manera, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), BOSS, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observacions astronòmiques, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Observations, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Angular diameter distance, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Lyman-alpha forest, Redshift, Galaxy, Cosmology, Baryon, Boss, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomia, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Astronomical observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) is designed to measure the scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of matter over a larger volume than the combined efforts of all previous spectroscopic surveys of large-scale structure. BOSS uses 1.5 million luminous galaxies as faint as i = 19.9 over 10,000 deg(2) to measure BAO to redshifts z < 0.7. Observations of neutral hydrogen in the Ly alpha forest in more than 150,000 quasar spectra (g < 22) will constrain BAO over the redshift range 2.15 < z < 3.5. Early results from BOSS include the first detection of the large-scale three-dimensional clustering of the Ly alpha forest and a strong detection from the Data Release 9 data set of the BAO in the clustering of massive galaxies at an effective redshift z = 0.57. We project that BOSS will yield measurements of the angular diameter distance d(A) to an accuracy of 1.0% at redshifts z = 0.3 and z = 0.57 and measurements of H(z) to 1.8% and 1.7% at the same redshifts. Forecasts for Ly alpha forest constraints predict a measurement of an overall dilation factor that scales the highly degenerate D-A(z) and H-1(z) parameters to an accuracy of 1.9% at z similar to 2.5 when the survey is complete. Here, we provide an overview of the selection of spectroscopic targets, planning of observations, and analysis of data and data quality of BOSS, The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort fromthe technical and administrative staff in Malarg¨ue. The authors are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisi´on Nacional de Energ´ıa At´omica, Fundaci ´on Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malarg¨ue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Le˜nas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access,Argentina; theAustralian ResearchCouncil;Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol´ogico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Minist´erio de Ciˆencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, and TACR TA01010517, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, CentreNational de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil R´egional Ile-de- France, D´epartement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), D´epartement Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-W¨urttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium f¨ur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-W¨urttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog´ıa (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), The Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grants no. N N202 200239 and N N202 2038, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejer´ıa de Educaci´on de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on and Consolider- Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; Department of Energy, Contract nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359 and DEFR02- 04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant no. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; ALFA-EC/HELEN and UNESCO.
Published: 2013
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22. The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

Author: Christopher P. Ahn, Rachael Alexandroff, Carlos Allende Prieto, Scott F. Anderson, Timothy Anderton, Brett H. Andrews, Éric Aubourg, Stephen Bailey, Eduardo Balbinot, Rory Barnes, Julian Bautista, Timothy C. Beers, Alessandra Beifiori, Andreas A. Berlind, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Dmitry Bizyaev, Cullen H. Blake, Michael R. Blanton, Michael Blomqvist, John J. Bochanski, Adam S. Bolton, Arnaud Borde, Jo Bovy, W. N. Brandt, J. Brinkmann, Peter J. Brown, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin Bundy, N. G. Busca, William Carithers, Aurelio R. Carnero, Michael A. Carr, Dana I. Casetti-Dinescu, Yanmei Chen, Cristina Chiappini, Johan Comparat, Natalia Connolly, Justin R. Crepp, Stefano Cristiani, Rupert A. C. Croft, Antonio J. Cuesta, Luiz N. da Costa, James R. A. Davenport, Kyle S. Dawson, Roland de Putter, Nathan De Lee, Timothée Delubac, Saurav Dhital, Anne Ealet, Garrett L. Ebelke, Edward M. Edmondson, Daniel J. Eisenstein, S. Escoffier, Massimiliano Esposito, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Bruno Femenía Castellá, Emma Fernández Alvar, Leticia D. Ferreira, N. Filiz Ak, Hayley Finley, Scott W. Fleming, Andreu Font-Ribera, Peter M. Frinchaboy, D. A. García-Hernández, A. E. García Pérez, Jian Ge, R. Génova-Santos, Bruce A. Gillespie, Léo Girardi, Jonay I. González Hernández, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Hong Guo, Daryl Haggard, Jean-Christophe Hamilton, David W. Harris, Suzanne L. Hawley, Frederick R. Hearty, Shirley Ho, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Klaus Honscheid, J. Huehnerhoff, Inese I. Ivans, Željko Ivezić, Heather R. Jacobson, Linhua Jiang, Jonas Johansson, Jennifer A. Johnson, Guinevere Kauffmann, David Kirkby, Jessica A. Kirkpatrick, Mark A. Klaene, Gillian R. Knapp, Jean-Paul Kneib, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Alexie Leauthaud, Khee-Gan Lee, Young Sun Lee, Daniel C. Long, Craig P. Loomis, Sara Lucatello, Britt Lundgren, Robert H. Lupton, Bo Ma, Zhibo Ma, Nicholas MacDonald, Claude E. Mack, Suvrath Mahadevan, Marcio A. G. Maia, Steven R. Majewski, Martin Makler, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, A. Manchado, Rachel Mandelbaum, Marc Manera, Claudia Maraston, Daniel Margala, Sarah L. Martell, Cameron K. McBride, Ian D. McGreer, Richard G. McMahon, Brice Ménard, Sz. Meszaros, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, Francesco Montesano, Heather L. Morrison, Demitri Muna, Jeffrey A. Munn, Hitoshi Murayama, Adam D. Myers, A. F. Neto, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Robert C. Nichol, David L. Nidever, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Sebastián E. Nuza, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel J. Oravetz, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Kaike Pan, John K. Parejko, Prachi Parihar, Isabelle Pâris, Petchara Pattarakijwanich, Joshua Pepper, Will J. Percival, Ismael Pérez-Fournon, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Patrick Petitjean, Janine Pforr, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc H. Pinsonneault, G. F. Porto de Mello, Francisco Prada, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Rafael Rebolo, James Rich, Gordon T. Richards, Annie C. Robin, Helio J. Rocha-Pinto, Constance M. Rockosi, Natalie A. Roe, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Ross, Graziano Rossi, J. A. Rubiño-Martin, Lado Samushia, J. Sanchez Almeida, Ariel G. Sánchez, Basílio Santiago, Conor Sayres, David J. Schlegel, Katharine J. Schlesinger, Sarah J. Schmidt, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Axel D. Schwope, C. G. Scóccola, Uros Seljak, Erin Sheldon, Yue Shen, Yiping Shu, Jennifer Simmerer, Audrey E. Simmons, Ramin A. Skibba, M. F. Skrutskie, A. Slosar, Flavia Sobreira, Jennifer S. Sobeck, Keivan G. Stassun, Oliver Steele, Matthias Steinmetz, Michael A. Strauss, Alina Streblyanska, Nao Suzuki, Molly E. C. Swanson, Tomer Tal, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Daniel Thomas, Benjamin A. Thompson, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Christy A. Tremonti, M. Vargas Magaña, Licia Verde, Matteo Viel, Shailendra K. Vikas, Nicole P. Vogt, David A. Wake, Ji Wang, Benjamin A. Weaver, David H. Weinberg, Benjamin J. Weiner, Andrew A. West, Martin White, John C. Wilson, John P. Wisniewski, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Brian Yanny, Christophe Yèche, Donald G. York, O. Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Idit Zehavi, Gong-Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, Joel C. Zinn, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), BOSS, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elon University [NC, USA], Department of Astronomy [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], The University of Notre Dame [Sydney], Apache point observatory, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Universitat de Barcelona, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Atles, Astrophysics, Surveys, 01 natural sciences, Astronomical spectroscopy, Via láctea, Observatory, Observacions astronòmiques, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Mapeamentos astronômicos, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atlases, Astrometry, Cosmology, atlases, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astronomical observations, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, catalogs, surveys, Formacao de galaxias, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Espectroscòpia, Galaxy, Spectrum analysis, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Catalogs, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014., 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr9
Published: 2012
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23. Performance of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) high-resolution near-infrared multi-object fiber spectrograph

Author: Mike Skrutskie, Diana Holder, Adam Burton, Matthew Shetrone, A. E. García Pérez, Bo Zhao, Jim Arns, Russell Owen, Mark A. Klaene, Bruce Gillespie, Demitri Muna, Frances Cope, Paul Maseman, F. Leger, Verne V. Smith, Basil Blank, Craig P. Loomis, R. Stoll, Tracy Naugle, Suvrath Mahadevan, Sophia Brunner, B. Pfaffenberger, Nicholas MacDonald, Robert H. Barkhouser, S. D. Chojnowski, J. Barr, Steven R. Majewski, Viktor Malanushenko, Wendell P. Jordan, George H. Rieke, Stephane Beland, T. Stolberg, Carlos Allende-Prieto, Matthew J. Nelson, M. Vernieri, Chuck Henderson, Howard Brewington, David H. Weinberg, Kaike Pan, Albert Harding, Marcia J. Rieke, Katia Cunha, Peter M. Frinchaboy, David J. Schlegel, Jon A. Holtzman, Thomas P. O'Brien, Larry N. Carey, S. A. Snedden, J. A. Johnson, John C. Wilson, Brett H. Andrews, Dan Long, Michael R. Hayden, E. Walker, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Ricardo P. Schiavon, Samuel Halverson, Sz. Meszaros, D. V. Bizyaev, James E. Gunn, David L. Nidever, Jeffrey D. Crane, Garrett Ebelke, Frederick R. Hearty, Charles R. Lam, A. Simmons, Greg Fitzgerald, Gail Zasowski, C. Harrison, Benjamin A. Weaver, Daniel Oravetz, Erick T. Young, J. Brinkmann, Fritz Stauffer, M. R. Blanton, T. Horne, Michael A. Carr, Stephen C. Hope, Stephen A. Smee, and Elena Malanushenko
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics, business.industry, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Observatory, Sky, business, Spectrograph, media_common
Abstract: The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) uses a dedicated 300-fiber, narrow-band near-infrared (1.51-1.7 μm), high resolution (R~22,500) spectrograph to survey approximately 100,000 giant stars across the Milky Way. This three-year survey, in operation since late-summer 2011 as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS III), will revolutionize our understanding of the kinematical and chemical enrichment histories of all Galactic stellar populations. We present the performance of the instrument from its first year in operation. The instrument is housed in a separate building adjacent to the 2.5-m SDSS telescope and fed light via approximately 45-meter fiber runs from the telescope. The instrument design includes numerous innovations including a gang connector that allows simultaneous connection of all fibers with a single plug to a telescope cartridge that positions the fibers on the sky, numerous places in the fiber train in which focal ratio degradation had to be minimized, a large mosaic-VPH (290 mm x 475 mm elliptically-shaped recorded area), an f/1.4 six-element refractive camera featuring silicon and fused silica elements with diameters as large as 393 mm, three near-infrared detectors mounted in a 1 x 3 mosaic with sub-pixel translation capability, and all of these components housed within a custom, LN2-cooled, stainless steel vacuum cryostat with dimensions 1.4-m x 2.3-m x 1.3-m.
Published: 2012
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24. Image Coaddition with Temporally Varying Kernels

Author: A. C. Becker, Russell Owen, Christopher R. Genovese, Andrew J. Connolly, and Darren Homrighausen
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pattern recognition, Standard methods, Image (mathematics), law.invention, Telescope, Improved performance, Method comparison, Space and Planetary Science, law, Artificial intelligence, Computational problem, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Host (network), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: Large, multi-frequency imaging surveys, such as the Large Synaptic Survey Telescope (LSST), need to do near-real time analysis of very large datasets. This raises a host of statistical and computational problems where standard methods do not work. In this paper, we study a proposed method for combining stacks of images into a single summary image, sometimes referred to as a template. This task is commonly referred to as image coaddition. In part, we focus on a method proposed in previous work, which outlines a procedure for combining stacks of images in an online fashion in the Fourier domain. We evaluate this method by comparing it to two straightforward methods through the use of various criteria and simulations. Note that the goal is not to propose these comparison methods for use in their own right, but to ensure that additional complexity also provides substantially improved performance.
Published: 2010
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25. SEGUE: A Spectroscopic Survey of 240,000 Stars with g = 14-20

Author: Brian Yanny, Constance Rockosi, Heidi Jo Newberg, Gillian R. Knapp, Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy, Bonnie Alcorn, Sahar Allam, Carlos Allende Prieto, Deokkeun An, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott Anderson, Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones, Steve Bastian, Timothy C. Beers, Eric Bell, Vasily Belokurov, Dmitry Bizyaev, Norm Blythe, John J. Bochanski, William N. Boroski, Jarle Brinchmann, J. Brinkmann, Howard Brewington, Larry Carey, Kyle M. Cudworth, Michael Evans, N. W. Evans, Evalyn Gates, B. T. Gänsicke, Bruce Gillespie, Gerald Gilmore, Ada Nebot Gomez-Moran, Eva K. Grebel, Jim Greenwell, James E. Gunn, Cathy Jordan, Wendell Jordan, Paul Harding, Hugh Harris, John S. Hendry, Diana Holder, Inese I. Ivans, Željko Ivezič, Sebastian Jester, Jennifer A. Johnson, Stephen M. Kent, Scot Kleinman, Alexei Kniazev, Jurek Krzesinski, Richard Kron, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Svetlana Lebedeva, Young Sun Lee, R. French Leger, Sébastien Lépine, Steve Levine, Huan Lin, Daniel C. Long, Craig Loomis, Robert Lupton, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, Bruce Margon, David Martinez-Delgado, Peregrine McGehee, Dave Monet, Heather L. Morrison, Jeffrey A. Munn, Eric H. Neilsen, Atsuko Nitta, John E. Norris, Dan Oravetz, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Kaike Pan, R. S. Peterson, Jeffrey R. Pier, Jared Platson, Paola Re Fiorentin, Gordon T. Richards, Hans-Walter Rix, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Matthias R. Schreiber, Axel Schwope, Valena Sibley, Audrey Simmons, Stephanie A. Snedden, J. Allyn Smith, Larry Stark, Fritz Stauffer, M. Steinmetz, C. Stoughton, Mark SubbaRao, Alex Szalay, Paula Szkody, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Sivarani Thirupathi, Douglas Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Dan Vanden Berk, Simon Vidrih, Yogesh Wadadekar, Shannon Watters, Ron Wilhelm, Rosemary F. G. Wyse, Jean Yarger, and Dan Zucker
Subjects: Physics, Metallicity, Milky Way, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Segue, Astrometry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surface gravity, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astronomical spectroscopy, Photometry (astronomy), Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The SEGUE survey obtained 240,000 moderate resolution (R = 1800) spectra from 3900 - 9000 Angstroms of fainter Milky Way stars (14.0 < g < 20.3) of a wide variety of spectral types, both main sequence and evolved objects, with the goal of studying the kinematics and populations of our Galaxy and its halo. The spectra are clustered in 212 regions spaced over three-quarters of the sky. Radial velocity accuracies for stars are 4 km/s at g < 18, degrading to 15 km/s at g = 20. For stars with S/N > 10 per resolution element, stellar atmospheric parameters are estimated, including metallicity, surface gravity, and effective temperature. SEGUE obtained 3500 square degrees of additional ugriz imaging (primarily at low Galactic latitudes) providing precise multi-color photometry (g,r,i = 2%), (u,z = 3%) and astrometry (0.1 arcsec) for spectroscopic target selection. The stellar spectra, imaging data, and derived parameter catalogs for this survey are publicly available as part of SDSS Data Release 7 (DR7)., 17 figures, AJ in press, updated to match Journal version
Published: 2009

26. The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Jennifer K. Adelman‐McCarthy, Marcel A. Agüeros, Sahar S. Allam, Carlos Allende Prieto, Kurt S.J. Anderson, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, C. A. L. Bailer‐Jones, Ivan K. Baldry, J. C. Barentine, Bruce A. Bassett, Andrew C. Becker, Timothy C. Beers, Eric F. Bell, Andreas A. Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, John J. Bochanski, William N. Boroski, Jarle Brinchmann, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tamás Budavári, Samuel Carliles, Michael A. Carr, Francisco J. Castander, David Cinabro, R. J. Cool, Kevin R. Covey, István Csabai, Carlos E. Cunha, James R. A. Davenport, Ben Dilday, Mamoru Doi, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Boris T. Gänsicke, Evalyn Gates, Bruce Gillespie, Karl Glazebrook, Jim Gray, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Patrick B. Hall, Paul Harding, Michael Harvanek, Suzanne L. Hawley, Jeffrey Hayes, Timothy M. Heckman, John S. Hendry, Robert B. Hindsley, Christopher M. Hirata, Craig J. Hogan, David W. Hogg, Joseph B. Hyde, Shin‐ichi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Sebastian Jester, Jennifer A. Johnson, Anders M. Jorgensen, Mario Jurić, Stephen M. Kent, R. Kessler, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesinski, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Donald Q. Lamb, Hubert Lampeitl, Svetlana Lebedeva, Young Sun Lee, R. French Leger, Sébastien Lépine, Marcos Lima, Huan Lin, Daniel C. Long, Craig P. Loomis, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, Rachel Mandelbaum, Bruce Margon, John P. Marriner, David Martínez‐Delgado, Takahiko Matsubara, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Heather L. Morrison, Jeffrey A. Munn, Reiko Nakajima, Eric H. Neilsen, Jr., Heidi Jo Newberg, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto‐Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, Sadanori Okamura, Russell Owen, Hiroaki Oyaizu, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Kaike Pan, Changbom Park, John Peoples, Jr., Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian C. Pope, Norbert Purger, M. Jordan Raddick, Paola Re Fiorentin, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Adam G. Riess, Hans‐Walter Rix, Constance M. Rockosi, Masao Sako, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Matthias R. Schreiber, Axel D. Schwope, Uroš Seljak, Branimir Sesar, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, Thirupathi Sivarani, J. Allyn Smith, Stephanie A. Snedden, Matthias Steinmetz, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Yasushi Suto, Alexander S. Szalay, István Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Max Tegmark, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy A. Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, S. Vidrih, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Yogesh Wadadekar, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Brian C. Wilhite, Brian Yanny, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Idit Zehavi, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: Physics, Point spread function, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Spectral line, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Calibration, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: With the Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the imaging of the Northern Galactic Cap is now complete. The survey contains images and parameters of roughly 287 million objects over 9583 deg^2, and 1.27 million spectra of stars, galaxies, quasars and blank sky (for sky subtraction) selected over 7425 deg^2. This release includes much more extensive stellar spectroscopy than previously, and also includes detailed estimates of stellar temperatures, gravities, and metallicities. The results of improved photometric calibration are now available, with uncertainties of roughly 1% in g, r, i, and z, and 2% in u, substantially better than the uncertainties in previous data releases. The spectra in this data release have improved wavelength and flux calibration, especially in the extreme blue and extreme red, leading to the qualitatively better determination of stellar types and radial velocities. The spectrophotometric fluxes are now tied to point spread function magnitudes of stars rather than fiber magnitudes, giving a 0.35 mag change in the spectrophotometric flux scale. Systematic errors in the velocity dispersions of galaxies have been fixed, and the results of two independent codes for determining spectral classifications and redshifts are made available. (Abridged), 21 pages with 8 color figures. ApJS, in press. Minor modifications from previous version
Published: 2008

27. In Pursuit of LSST Science Requirements: A Comparison of Photometry Algorithms

Author: Nicole M. Silvestri, Zeljko Ivezic, Andrew C. Becker, Russell Owen, and Robert H. Lupton
Subjects: Physics, Brightness, Data processing, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Image processing, Astrometry, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Object detection, Photometry (optics), Software, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Algorithm
Abstract: We have developed an end-to-end photometric data processing pipeline to compare current photometric algorithms commonly used on ground-based imaging data. This testbed is exceedingly adaptable, and enables us to perform many research and development tasks, including image subtraction and co-addition, object detection and measurements, the production of photometric catalogs, and the creation and stocking of database tables with time-series information. This testing has been undertaken to evaluate existing photometry algorithms for consideration by a next-generation image processing pipeline for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We outline the results of our tests for four packages: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey's (SDSS) Photo package, Daophot and Allframe, DoPhot, and two versions of Source Extractor (SExtractor). The ability of these algorithms to perform point-source photometry, astrometry, shape measurements, star-galaxy separation, and to measure objects at low signal-to-noise is quantified. We also perform a detailed crowded field comparison of Daophot and Allframe, and profile the speed and memory requirements in detail for SExtractor. We find that both Daophot and Photo are able to perform aperture photometry to high enough precision to meet LSST's science requirements, and less adequately at PSF-fitting photometry. Photo performs the best at simultaneous point and extended-source shape and brightness measurements. SExtractor is the fastest algorithm, and recent upgrades in the software yield high-quality centroid and shape measurements with little bias towards faint magnitudes. Allframe yields the best photometric results in crowded fields., Accepted for publication in PASP. Appendix is included only here in this eprint. 11 figures, 18 tables
Published: 2007

28. The Fourth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Jennifer K. Adelman‐McCarthy, Marcel A. Agueros, Sahar S. Allam, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Ivan K. Baldry, J. C. Barentine, Andreas Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, William N. Boroski, Howard J. Brewington, Jarle Brinchmann, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tamas Budavari, Larry N. Carey, Michael A. Carr, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, Istvan Csabai, Paul C. Czarapata, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Mamoru Doi, Feng Dong, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Bruce Gillespie, Karl Glazebrook, Jim Gray, Eva K. Grebel, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Ernst de Haas, Patrick B. Hall, Frederick H. Harris, Michael Harvanek, Suzanne L. Hawley, Jeffrey Hayes, John S. Hendry, Gregory S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, Christopher M. Hirata, Craig J. Hogan, David W. Hogg, Donald J. Holmgren, Jon A. Holtzman, Shin‐ichi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Sebastian Jester, David E. Johnston, Anders M. Jorgensen, Mario Jurić, Stephen M. Kent, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Alexei Yu. Kniazev, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesinski, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Donald Q. Lamb, Hubert Lampeitl, Brian C. Lee, R. French Leger, Huan Lin, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Bruce Margon, David Martinez‐Delgado, Rachel Mandelbaum, Takahiko Matsubara, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Jeffrey A. Munn, Reiko Nakajima, Thomas Nash, Eric H. Neilsen, Jr., Heidi Jo Newberg, Peter R. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto‐Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, William O’Mullane, Sadanori Okamura, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, George Pauls, John Peoples, Jr., Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian C. Pope, Dimitri Pourbaix, Thomas R. Quinn, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Constance M. Rockosi, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Joshua Schroeder, Ryan Scranton, Uroš Seljak, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, J. Allyn Smith, Vernesa Smolčić, Stephanie A. Snedden, Chris Stoughton, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Istvan Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Max Tegmark, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Lucianne M. Walkowicz, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Yongzhong Xu, Brian Yanny, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Idit Zehavi, Stefano Zibetti, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Milky Way, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Imaging data, surveys, Thick disk, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Imaging systems in astronomy, Stars--Observations, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, Galaxy, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, atlases, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Data release, catalogs
Abstract: This paper describes the fourth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), including all survey-quality data taken through June 2004. The data release includes five-band photometric data for 180 million objects selected over 6670 deg^2, and 673,280 spectra of galaxies, quasars, and stars selected from 4783 deg^2 of that imaging data using the standard SDSS target selection algorithms. These numbers represent a roughly 25% increment over those of the Third Data Release. The Fourth Data Release also includes an additional 131,840 spectra of objects selected using a variety of alternative algorithms, to address scientific issues ranging from the kinematics of stars in the Milky Way thick disk to populations of faint galaxies and quasars., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2006
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29. Design and construction of instrument rotator for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) telescope

Author: Larry N. Carey, Walter Sigmund, Russell Owen, R. French Leger, and Dan Long
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Ring (mathematics), business.product_category, business.industry, Computer science, Optical tape, Radius, Fixture, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Pinion, Cam follower
Abstract: This paper will describe the concerns, parameters and restrictions in the design and construction of the instrument rotator used on the SDSS telescope. The rotator provides support for two 600 Lb. Spectrographs, through all axes motion, without causing harmful radial moments to be translated to its inner ring which supports the mosaic imaging camera. This is accomplished using an outer-inner ring design. The outer ring is a thin-walled box structure incorporating the drive surface and is attached to the inner ring through a steel membrane. This rotator design requires the telescope’s primary support structure to provide final structural integrity. Due to this feature, a special fixture was needed to transport the rotator from the vendor and to install it onto the telescope. Positional accuracy and feedback is provided by an optical tape and read-head system manufactured by Heidenhain and attached to the inner ring. The drive motor was designed to use the same motor as those employed for the other two telescope axes, thus minimizing the spare-parts inventory and maintenance. Its drive pinion is of a pinch design, with the pinion axis parallel to rotator radius. A great deal of attention and planning was required in the construction of the box frame outer ring and the induction heat-treating of the drive surface. Drive surface tolerances were maintained within +/-0.001 inches, and internal stress cracks from heat-treating were minimal.
Published: 2003
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30. The First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author: Kevork Abazajian, Jennifer K. Adelman-McCarthy, Marcel A. Ageros, Sahar S. Allam, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Ivan K. Baldry, Steven Bastian, Andreas Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, Norman Blythe, John J. Bochanski, Jr., William N. Boroski, Howard Brewington, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert J. Brunner, Tams Budavri, Larry N. Carey, Michael A. Carr, Francisco J. Castander, Kuenley Chiu, Matthew J. Collinge, A. J. Connolly, Kevin R. Covey, Istvn Csabai, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Scott Dodelson, Mamoru Doi, Feng Dong, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Paul D. Feldman, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Scott D. Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Roy R. Gal, Bruce Gillespie, Karl Glazebrook, Carlos F. Gonzalez, Jim Gray, Eva K. Grebel, Lauren Grodnicki, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Patrick B. Hall, Lei Hao, Daniel Harbeck, Frederick H. Harris, Hugh C. Harris, Michael Harvanek, Suzanne L. Hawley, Timothy M. Heckman, J. F. Helmboldt, John S. Hendry, Gregory S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, David W. Hogg, Donald J. Holmgren, Jon A. Holtzman, Lee Homer, Lam Hui, Shin-ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, John P. Inkmann, eljko Ivezi, Sebastian Jester, David E. Johnston, Beatrice Jordan, Wendell P. Jordan, Anders M. Jorgensen, Mario Juri, Guinevere Kauffmann, Stephen M. Kent, S. J. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, Alexei Y. Kniazev, Richard G. Kron, Jurek Krzesiski, Peter Z. Kunszt, Nickolai Kuropatkin, Donald Q. Lamb, Hubert Lampeitl, Bryan E. Laubscher, Brian C. Lee, R. French Leger, Nolan Li, Adam Lidz, Huan Lin, Yeong-Shang Loh, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Tanu Malik, Bruce Margon, Peregrine M. McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Gajus A. Miknaitis, Bhasker K. Moorthy, Jeffrey A. Munn, Tara Murphy, Reiko Nakajima, Vijay K. Narayanan, Thomas Nash, Eric H. Neilsen, Jr., Heidi Jo Newberg, Peter R. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Maria Nieto-Santisteban, Atsuko Nitta, Michael Odenkirchen, Sadanori Okamura, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, John Peoples, Jeffrey R. Pier, Bartosz Pindor, Adrian C. Pope, Thomas R. Quinn, R. R. Rafikov, Sean N. Raymond, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Hans-Walter Rix, Constance M. Rockosi, Joop Schaye, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Joshua Schroeder, Ryan Scranton, Maki Sekiguchi, Uro Seljak, Gary Sergey, Branimir Sesar, Erin Sheldon, Kazu Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, Nicole M. Silvestri, Allan J. Sinisgalli, Edwin Sirko, J. Allyn Smith, Vernesa Smoli, Stephanie A. Snedden, Albert Stebbins, Charles Steinhardt, Gregory Stinson, Chris Stoughton, Iskra V. Strateva, Michael A. Strauss, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Istvn Szapudi, Paula Szkody, Lidia Tasca, Max Tegmark, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, Jan Vandenberg, Michael S. Vogeley, Wolfgang Voges, Nicole P. Vogt, Lucianne M. Walkowicz, David H. Weinberg, Andrew A. West, Simon D. M. White, Brian C. Wilhite, Beth Willman, Yongzhong Xu, Brian Yanny, Jean Yarger, Naoki Yasuda, Ching-Wa Yip, D. R. Yocum, Donald G. York, Nadia L. Zakamska, Idit Zehavi, Wei Zheng, Stefano Zibetti, and Daniel B. Zucker
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Data products, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Square (algebra), surveys, Range (statistics), media_common, Physics, Imaging systems in astronomy, Stars--Observations, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Galaxy, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, atlases, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Data release, catalogs
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has validated and made publicly available its First Data Release. This consists of 2099 square degrees of five-band (u, g, r, i, z) imaging data, 186,240 spectra of galaxies, quasars, stars and calibrating blank sky patches selected over 1360 square degrees of this area, and tables of measured parameters from these data. The imaging data go to a depth of r ~ 22.6 and are photometrically and astrometrically calibrated to 2% rms and 100 milli-arcsec rms per coordinate, respectively. The spectra cover the range 3800--9200 A, with a resolution of 1800--2100. Further characteristics of the data are described, as are the data products themselves., Comment: Submitted to The Astronomical Journal. 16 pages. For associated documentation, see http://www.sdss.org/dr1
Published: 2003
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31. Support and Position Control of Primary and Secondary Mirrors for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Telescope

Author: Larry N. Carey, Charles L. Hull, James E. Gunn, Yorke J. Brown, Russell Owen, Edward J. Mannery, and Walter A. Siegmund
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Motion (physics), law.invention, Telescope, Transverse plane, Optics, Tilt (optics), law, Primary (astronomy), Sky, Control system, Secondary mirror, business, media_common
Abstract: The support and position control systems for both the primary and secondary mirror of the SDSS Telescope allow the mirrors up to 12 mm of precisely positioned axial motion, as well as limited tilt and transverse motion. This paper describes the final design and operation of these systems. Some relative strengths and limitations of the components and problems encountered with their implementation are also summarized.
Published: 2002
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32. The sloan digital sky survey quasar catalog. I. Early data release

Author: Donald P. Schneider, Gordon T. Richards, Xiaohui Fan, Patrick B. Hall, Michael A. Strauss, Daniel E. Vanden Berk, James E. Gunn, Heidi Jo Newberg, Timothy A. Reichard, C. Stoughton, Wolfgang Voges, Brian Yanny, Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, Amanda Bauer, Mariangela Bernardi, Michael R. Blanton, William N. Boroski, J. Brinkmann, John W. Briggs, Robert Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Francisco J. Castander, A. J. Connolly, István Csabai, Mamoru Doi, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Timothy M. Heckman, G. S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, David W. Hogg, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, Gillian R. Knapp, Peter Z. Kunzst, Donald Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Robert H. Lupton, Bruce Margon, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, Jeffrey A. Munn, Matthew Newcomb, R. C. Nichol, Russell Owen, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Constance M. Rockosi, David H. Saxe, David Schlegel, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, Yehuda Snir, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Alan Uomoto, Patrick Waddell, and Donald G. York
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift, Spectral line, Photometry (optics), Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Emission spectrum, Spectral resolution, Data release, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We present the first edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 3814 objects (3000 discovered by the SDSS) in the initial SDSS public data release that have at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum larger than 1000 km/s, luminosities brighter than M_i^* = -23, and highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is 494 square degrees; the majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. The quasar redshifts range from 0.15 to 5.03. For each object the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0.2" rms per coordinate, five band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.05 mag, radio and X-ray emission properties, and information on the morphology and selection method. Calibrated spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800 to 9200 Angstroms at a spectral resolution of 1800-2100, are also available. Since the quasars were selected during the commissioning period, a time when the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing frequent revisions, the sample is not homogeneous and is not intended for statistical analysis., 27 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted by AJ
Published: 2002

33. THE TENTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY: FIRST SPECTROSCOPIC DATA FROM THE SDSS-III APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY GALACTIC EVOLUTION EXPERIMENT

Author: Christopher P. Ahn, Rachael Alexandroff, Carlos Allende Prieto, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Timothy Anderton, Brett H. Andrews, Éric Aubourg, Stephen Bailey, Fabienne A. Bastien, Julian E. Bautista, Timothy C. Beers, Alessandra Beifiori, Chad F. Bender, Andreas A. Berlind, Florian Beutler, Vaishali Bhardwaj, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Cullen H. Blake, Michael R. Blanton, Michael Blomqvist, John J. Bochanski, Adam S. Bolton, Arnaud Borde, Jo Bovy, Alaina Shelden Bradley, W. N. Brandt, Dorothée Brauer, J. Brinkmann, Joel R. Brownstein, Nicolás G. Busca, William Carithers, Joleen K. Carlberg, Aurelio R. Carnero, Michael A. Carr, Cristina Chiappini, S. Drew Chojnowski, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Johan Comparat, Justin R. Crepp, Stefano Cristiani, Rupert A. C. Croft, Antonio J. Cuesta, Katia Cunha, Luiz N. da Costa, Kyle S. Dawson, Nathan De Lee, Janice D. R. Dean, Timothée Delubac, Rohit Deshpande, Saurav Dhital, Anne Ealet, Garrett L. Ebelke, Edward M. Edmondson, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Courtney R. Epstein, Stephanie Escoffier, Massimiliano Esposito, Michael L. Evans, D. Fabbian, Xiaohui Fan, Ginevra Favole, Bruno Femenía Castellá, Emma Fernández Alvar, Diane Feuillet, Nurten Filiz Ak, Hayley Finley, Scott W. Fleming, Andreu Font-Ribera, Peter M. Frinchaboy, J. G. Galbraith-Frew, D. A. García-Hernández, Ana E. García Pérez, Jian Ge, R. Génova-Santos, Bruce A. Gillespie, Léo Girardi, Jonay I. González Hernández, J. Richard Gott, James E. Gunn, Hong Guo, Samuel Halverson, Paul Harding, David W. Harris, Sten Hasselquist, Suzanne L. Hawley, Michael Hayden, Frederick R. Hearty, Artemio Herrero Davó, Shirley Ho, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Klaus Honscheid, Joseph Huehnerhoff, Inese I. Ivans, Kelly M. Jackson, Peng Jiang, Jennifer A. Johnson, K. Kinemuchi, David Kirkby, Mark A. Klaene, Jean-Paul Kneib, Lars Koesterke, Ting-Wen Lan, Dustin Lang, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Alexie Leauthaud, Khee-Gan Lee, Young Sun Lee, Daniel C. Long, Craig P. Loomis, Sara Lucatello, Robert H. Lupton, Bo Ma, Claude E. Mack, Suvrath Mahadevan, Marcio A. G. Maia, Steven R. Majewski, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, A. Manchado, Marc Manera, Claudia Maraston, Daniel Margala, Sarah L. Martell, Karen L. Masters, Cameron K. McBride, Ian D. McGreer, Richard G. McMahon, Brice Ménard, Sz. Mészáros, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Hironao Miyatake, Antonio D. Montero-Dorta, Francesco Montesano, Surhud More, Heather L. Morrison, Demitri Muna, Jeffrey A. Munn, Adam D. Myers, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Robert C. Nichol, David L. Nidever, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Sebastián E. Nuza, Julia E. O'Connell, Robert W. O'Connell, Ross O'Connell, Matthew D. Olmstead, Daniel J. Oravetz, Russell Owen, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille, Kaike Pan, John K. Parejko, Prachi Parihar, Isabelle Pâris, Joshua Pepper, Will J. Percival, Ignasi Pérez-Ràfols, Hélio Dotto Perottoni, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, M. H. Pinsonneault, Francisco Prada, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, M. Jordan Raddick, Mubdi Rahman, Rafael Rebolo, Beth A. Reid, Jonathan C. Richards, Rogério Riffel, Annie C. Robin, H. J. Rocha-Pinto, Constance M. Rockosi, Natalie A. Roe, Ashley J. Ross, Nicholas P. Ross, Graziano Rossi, Arpita Roy, J. A. Rubiño-Martin, Cristiano G. Sabiu, Ariel G. Sánchez, Basílio Santiago, Conor Sayres, Ricardo P. Schiavon, David J. Schlegel, Katharine J. Schlesinger, Sarah J. Schmidt, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, Kris Sellgren, Hee-Jong Seo, Yue Shen, Matthew Shetrone, Yiping Shu, Audrey E. Simmons, M. F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Verne V. Smith, Stephanie A. Snedden, Jennifer S. Sobeck, Flavia Sobreira, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Michael A. Strauss, Alina Streblyanska, Nao Suzuki, Molly E. C. Swanson, Ryan C. Terrien, Aniruddha R. Thakar, Daniel Thomas, Benjamin A. Thompson, Jeremy L. Tinker, Rita Tojeiro, Nicholas W. Troup, Jan Vandenberg, Mariana Vargas Magaña, Matteo Viel, Nicole P. Vogt, David A. Wake, Benjamin A. Weaver, David H. Weinberg, Benjamin J. Weiner, Martin White, Simon D. M. White, John C. Wilson, John P. Wisniewski, W. M. Wood-Vasey, Christophe Yèche, Donald G. York, O. Zamora, Gail Zasowski, Idit Zehavi, Gong-Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Guangtun Zhu, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), BOSS, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat de Barcelona, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Red giant, Espectros astronômicos, Astrophysics, Surveys, Astronomical spectroscopy, Observatory, Observacions astronòmiques, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, QC, QB, media_common, Mapeamentos astronômicos, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atlases, Cosmology, atlases, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astronomical observations, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, catalogs, surveys, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Galaxy formation and evolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cosmologia, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Espectroscòpia, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Spectrum analysis, Galaxy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], QC Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Catalogos astronomicos, Catalogs
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been in operation since 2000 April. This paper presents the tenth public data release (DR10) from its current incarnation, SDSS-III. This data release includes the first spectroscopic data from the Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), along with spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) taken through 2012 July. The APOGEE instrument is a near-infrared R~22,500 300-fiber spectrograph covering 1.514--1.696 microns. The APOGEE survey is studying the chemical abundances and radial velocities of roughly 100,000 red giant star candidates in the bulge, bar, disk, and halo of the Milky Way. DR10 includes 178,397 spectra of 57,454 stars, each typically observed three or more times, from APOGEE. Derived quantities from these spectra (radial velocities, effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities) are also included.DR10 also roughly doubles the number of BOSS spectra over those included in the ninth data release. DR10 includes a total of 1,507,954 BOSS spectra, comprising 927,844 galaxy spectra; 182,009 quasar spectra; and 159,327 stellar spectra, selected over 6373.2 square degrees., 15 figures; 1 table. Accepted to ApJS. DR10 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr10 v3 fixed 3 diacritic markings in the arXiv HTML listing of the author names
Published: 2014
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34. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary

Author: Donald G. York, J. Adelman, John E. Anderson, Jr., Scott F. Anderson, James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, J. A. Bakken, Robert Barkhouser, Steven Bastian, Eileen Berman, William N. Boroski, Steve Bracker, Charlie Briegel, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Robert Brunner, Scott Burles, Larry Carey, Michael A. Carr, Francisco J. Castander, Bing Chen, Patrick L. Colestock, A. J. Connolly, J. H. Crocker, István Csabai, Paul C. Czarapata, John Eric Davis, Mamoru Doi, Tom Dombeck, Daniel Eisenstein, Nancy Ellman, Brian R. Elms, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Glenn R. Federwitz, Larry Fiscelli, Scott Friedman, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Bruce Gillespie, James E. Gunn, Vijay K. Gurbani, Ernst de Haas, Merle Haldeman, Frederick H. Harris, J. Hayes, Timothy M. Heckman, G. S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, Scott Holm, Donald J. Holmgren, Chi-hao Huang, Charles Hull, Don Husby, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, Rita S. J. Kim, E. Kinney, Mark Klaene, A. N. Kleinman, S. Kleinman, G. R. Knapp, John Korienek, Richard G. Kron, Peter Z. Kunszt, D. Q. Lamb, B. Lee, R. French Leger, Siriluk Limmongkol, Carl Lindenmeyer, Daniel C. Long, Craig Loomis, Jon Loveday, Rich Lucinio, Robert H. Lupton, Bryan MacKinnon, Edward J. Mannery, P. M. Mantsch, Bruce Margon, Peregrine McGehee, Timothy A. McKay, Avery Meiksin, Aronne Merelli, David G. Monet, Jeffrey A. Munn, Vijay K. Narayanan, Thomas Nash, Eric Neilsen, Rich Neswold, Heidi Jo Newberg, R. C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Mario Nonino, Norio Okada, Sadanori Okamura, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Russell Owen, A. George Pauls, John Peoples, R. L. Peterson, Donald Petravick, Jeffrey R. Pier, Adrian Pope, Ruth Pordes, Angela Prosapio, Ron Rechenmacher, Thomas R. Quinn, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Claudio H. Rivetta, Constance M. Rockosi, Kurt Ruthmansdorfer, Dale Sandford, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Maki Sekiguchi, Gary Sergey, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, Stephen Smee, J. Allyn Smith, S. Snedden, R. Stone, Chris Stoughton, Michael A. Strauss, Christopher Stubbs, Mark SubbaRao, Alexander S. Szalay, Istvan Szapudi, Gyula P. Szokoly, Anirudda R. Thakar, Christy Tremonti, Douglas L. Tucker, Alan Uomoto, Dan Vanden Berk, Michael S. Vogeley, Patrick Waddell, Shu-i Wang, Masaru Watanabe, David H. Weinberg, Brian Yanny, and Naoki Yasuda
Subjects: 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift survey, LAMOST, Extended Groth Strip, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Monoceros Ring, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Photometric redshift, media_common
Abstract: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will provide the data to support detailed investigations of the distribution of luminous and non- luminous matter in the Universe: a photometrically and astrometrically calibrated digital imaging survey of pi steradians above about Galactic latitude 30 degrees in five broad optical bands to a depth of g' about 23 magnitudes, and a spectroscopic survey of the approximately one million brightest galaxies and 10^5 brightest quasars found in the photometric object catalog produced by the imaging survey. This paper summarizes the observational parameters and data products of the SDSS, and serves as an introduction to extensive technical on-line documentation., 9 pages, 7 figures, AAS Latex. To appear in AJ, Sept 2000
Published: 2000

35. High-Redshift Quasars Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data

Author: Xiaohui Fan, Michael A. Strauss, Donald P. Schneider, James E. Gunn, Robert H. Lupton, Brian Yanny, Scott F. Anderson, John E. Anderson, Jr., James Annis, Neta A. Bahcall, J. A. Bakken, Steven Bastian, Eileen Berman, William N. Boroski, Charlie Briegel, John W. Briggs, J. Brinkmann, Michael A. Carr, Patrick L. Colestock, A. J. Connolly, J. H. Crocker, István Csabai, Paul C. Czarapata, John Eric Davis, Mamoru Doi, Brian R. Elms, Michael L. Evans, Glenn R. Federwitz, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, Vijay K. Gurbani, Frederick H. Harris, Timothy M. Heckman, G. S. Hennessy, Robert B. Hindsley, Donald J. Holmgren, Charles Hull, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Ichikawa, Željko Ivezić, Stephen Kent, G. R. Knapp, Richard G. Kron, D. Q. Lamb, R. French Leger, Siriluk Limmongkol, Carl Lindenmeyer, Daniel C. Long, Jon Loveday, Bryan MacKinnon, Edward J. Mannery, P. M. Mantsch, Bruce Margon, Timothy A. McKay, Jeffrey A. Munn, Thomas Nash, Heidi Jo Newberg, R. C. Nichol, Tom Nicinski, Sadanori Okamura, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Russell Owen, A. George Pauls, John Peoples, Donald Petravick, Jeffrey R. Pier, Ruth Pordes, Angela Prosapio, Ron Rechenmacher, Gordon T. Richards, Michael W. Richmond, Claudio H. Rivetta, Constance M. Rockosi, Dale Sandford, Gary Sergey, Maki Sekiguchi, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Walter A. Siegmund, J. Allyn Smith, Chris Stoughton, Alexander S. Szalay, Gyula P. Szokoly, Douglas L. Tucker, Michael S. Vogeley, Patrick Waddell, Shu-i Wang, David H. Weinberg, Naoki Yasuda, and Donald G. York
Subjects: Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Imaging data, Redshift, Spectral line, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation), media_common
Abstract: We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of 15 high-redshift quasars (z > 3.6) discovered from ~140 deg^2 of five-color (u'g'r'i'z') imaging data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) during its commissioning phase. The quasars are selected by their distinctive colors in SDSS multicolor space. Four of the quasars have redshifts higher than 4.6 (z=4.63, 4.75, 4.90 and 5.00, the latter being the highest redshift quasar yet known). In addition, two previously known z > 4 objects were recovered from the data. The quasars all have i* < 20 and have luminosities comparable to that of 3C273. The spectra of the quasars have similar features (strong, broad emission lines and substantial absorption blueward of the Ly alpha emission line) seen in previously known high-redshift quasars. Although the photometric accuracy and image quality fail to meet the final survey requirements, our success rate for identifying high-redshift quasars (17 quasars from 27 candidates) is much higher than that of previous multicolor surveys. However, the numbers of high-redshift quasars found is in close accord with the number density inferred from previous surveys., 18 pages; final version with minor changes, AJ in press (July 1999); high resolution finding charts available at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~fan/paper/z5.html
Published: 1999
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36. Fiber feed for the SDSS spectrograph

Author: Charles L. Hull, Siriluk Limmongkol, Walter A. Siegmund, and Russell Owen
Subjects: Physics, Optical fiber, business.industry, Optical engineering, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, Polishing, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Focal surface, Fiber, business, Spectrograph, Groove (engineering), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: A 640 fiber feed for a pair of moderate resolution spectrographs is being constructed for the sloan digital sky survey. The spectrograph slits, optical fibers and plug-plates are mounted together in removable cartridges. The cartridges protect the optical fibers and provide quick-change interfaces to the telescope and the spectrographs. Ten cartridges will be made to allow plugging to occur during the day. The fibers are constructed in harnesses of 20. These are mass-terminated in v- groove blocks at the spectrograph slit. At the input end the fibers are terminated in simple ferrules and manually plugged into aluminum plug-plates. The plug-plates are deformed to match the best focal surface of the telescope, and the holes are drilled to be parallel to the principal ray after bending. We describe a simple technique for drilling accurate holes.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 1994
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37. Performance of the Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope: II, pointing and tracking

Author: Walter A. Siegmund, Charles L. Hull, and Russell Owen
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Reflecting telescope, Optical engineering, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Primary mirror, Telescope, Observatory, law, Telescope mount, business, Encoder, Remote sensing
Abstract: The Apache Point Observatory 3.5-m telescope, loated in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico at an elevation of 2.8 km, is awaiting the installation of the primary mirror. The design of this telescope includes a number of innovative features including a lightweight honeycomb borosilicate mirror, friction drives and encoding, and complete computer control to facilitate remote use. A 0.3-m telescope was attached to the telescope mount to monitor tracking and pointing performance. Currently, the telescope tracks open-loop to 0.3 arcsec rms over 10 min and points to 5 arcsec rms. Improvements to the servosystem and encoder mounting should make it possible to meet the goals of tracking to 0.2 arcsec rms and pointing to 1 arcsec rms.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 1990
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38. A general purpose reporter for cations: absorption, fluorescence and electrochemical sensing of zinc(ii)

Author: Benniston, Andrew C., primary, Harriman, Anthony, additional, Lawrie, Donald J., additional, Mayeux, Annabelle, additional, Rafferty, Karen, additional, and Russell, Owen D., additional
Published: 2003
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39. Marijuana.

Author: Russell, Owen, Calway-Fagen, Norma, Wood, David, A., Eli, Jennewein, James, Regan, Marc, Grubb, R. J., C. H. M., V., Christopher, K. M. W., B., Jennifer, Paco, El, and Lieben, Wolf
Subjects: MARIJUANA, SMOKING, MEMORY, SMOKABLE plants, DRUGS of abuse
Abstract: Presents the authors' opinions, memories, and experiences with marijuana. Smoking recreationally; Marijuana smoking habits; Smoking marijuana for medicinal purposes.
Published: 2003

40. THE USE OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING IN THE DESIGN OF ANTENNA PATTERNS WITH PRESCRIBED NULLS AND OTHER CONSTRAINTS

Author: J. C. Mason and Peter Russell Owen
Subjects: Degree (graph theory), Linear programming, Applied Mathematics, Value (computer science), Interval (mathematics), Interference (wave propagation), Topology, Computer Science Applications, Radiation pattern, Antenna array, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Control theory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mathematics
Abstract: A linear programming method has been used to design antenna array patterns that suppress interference from certain directions. The method is particularly useful since any degree of suppression can be specified. It is not necessary to impose exact nulls onto the pattern, although this can be done if desired. Moreover, by constraining real excitations to lie in the interval [‐1, 1], a pattern is obtained in which the majority of excitations remain at the quiescent value of unity. The method can be modified in principle to incorporate any other appropriate linear equality or inequality constraints on the pattern or the excitations. A detailed description of the method is given and several illustrative examples are included.
Published: 1984
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41. The Catholicity of Christ

Author: Rev. William Russell Owen
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 1908
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42. Lindbergh’s Epoch Making Flight from New York to Paris

Author: Russell Owen
Subjects: History
Published: 1927
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43. Lindbergh’s Historic Central American Flight

Author: Russell Owen
Subjects: History
Published: 1928
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44. Clumping of quasar redshifts and the geocentric universe

Author: Peter Russell Owen
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Databases, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Redshift, Cosmology, Geocentric model
Abstract: It is shown that the observed clumping of quasar redshifts can be caused purely by chance and does not require non-cosmological redshifts or a geocentric universe as argued by Varshni.
Published: 1977
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45. The Control System for the Apache Point 3.5-Meter Telescope

Author: Russell Owen, Charles L. Hull, and Walter A. Siegmund
Subjects: Telescope, Interfacing, Computer science, law, Computation, Control system, Real-time computing, Point (geometry), Guide star, Secondary mirror, Power (physics), law.invention
Abstract: The control system for the Apache Point 3.5m telescope utilizes small computers (controllers) to control hardware, and a larger computer (the telescope control computer or TCC) to direct the controllers. The controllers provide fast real-time performance and hardware interfacing; the TCC, a DEC µVAX II, provides raw computing power in a standard multi-tasking environment. Major tracking, guiding, and acquisition computations are performed in the TCC, including correction for physical imperfections and computation of slewing paths.
Published: 1988
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46. The site of the helium flash revisited

Author: Peter Russell Owen
Subjects: Physics, Stars, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Metallicity, Nuclear astrophysics, Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Helium flash, Astrophysics, Helium, Silicon-burning process

47. Local history cards for the Russell family

Author: Stafford, Caroline, 1841-; Russell, Eliza; Russell, Hiram, 1826-; Russell, Hugh, 1826-; Russell, Isaiah; Russell, J. R.; Russell, J.; Russell, James; Snider, Jane; Russell, Joel, 1811-1883; Russell, John; Russell, John, 1806-; Russell, John H., 1847-; Brammer, Nancy, 1829-1880; Russell, Owen, 1788-1870; Russell, Robert, 1822-; Russell, Samuel; Russell, Silas, 1866-1880; Russel, Stephen; Russell, Thomas, 1829-; Russell, Tillie, -1880; Russell, William, 1781-; Russell, William, 1818, Bennett, Elaine C., Stafford, Caroline, 1841-; Russell, Eliza; Russell, Hiram, 1826-; Russell, Hugh, 1826-; Russell, Isaiah; Russell, J. R.; Russell, J.; Russell, James; Snider, Jane; Russell, Joel, 1811-1883; Russell, John; Russell, John, 1806-; Russell, John H., 1847-; Brammer, Nancy, 1829-1880; Russell, Owen, 1788-1870; Russell, Robert, 1822-; Russell, Samuel; Russell, Silas, 1866-1880; Russel, Stephen; Russell, Thomas, 1829-; Russell, Tillie, -1880; Russell, William, 1781-; Russell, William, 1818, and Bennett, Elaine C.
Abstract: This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

48. GPs' satisfaction with memory clinic services.

Author: Kendrick, Bethan, Wood, Karen, and Russell-Owen, Rhian
Published: 2016

49. Five Key Strategies for Tree Management.

Author: RUSSELL, OWEN
Abstract: This article discusses five key strategies to tree management plan implemented by Markland Wood Golf Club in Toronto, Ontario. The golf course worked with a certified arborist, a golf course architect and an urban forestry planner to make an tree inventory. It also uses skilled professionals in its dead tree removal operations.
Published: 2013

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