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Objective: The aim: Is to assess the functional state of parotid glands and general secretion in patients with compression, dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, to correct the revealed disorders., Patients and Methods: Materials and methods: We examined 46 patients with dysfunction of TMJ. Examination included TMJ zonography and salivary glands sonography. We studied the general and parotid secretion, transparency, viscosity, pH of the oral fluid and the secretions of the parotid glands before and after treatment. The treatment of dysfunction and hyposialosis included the repositioning of the articular heads of the lower jaw in the correct anatomical position, the use of a repositioning plate on the posterior teeth at the compression side of the articular head, bougienage of the duct of the parotid gland, administration of 10% magnesium-mineral solution of bischofite into the gland., Results: Results: In patients with TMJ dysfunction, a significant decrease in the oral fluid content was noted before treatment. The saliva transparency was reduced, the viscosity was increased, the pH was slightly acidic. A study, which was carried out a month after completion of the course of treatment showed that all the studied parameters corresponded to those in healthy individuals., Conclusion: Conclusions: The study confirmed that in compression and dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, there are disorders of the functional state of the salivary glands.

Introduction: Among the large contingent of patients with TMJ dysfunctions, there are persons with hypermobility of the joint heads of the lower jaw. Moreover, at present, the question of the frequency of occurrence of hypermobility of articular heads of the TMJ is not reflected. The aim of the work is to find out the frequency of occurrence of hypermobility of articular head among a healthy population and to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and electromyographic characteristics of the muscular-articular complex in these individuals., Material and Methods: Surveys were conducted for 476 students aged 19 to 25 years. For people with revealed articular hypermobility of the articular heads, chewing and temporal muscle electromyography, TMJ aiming zonography in a lateral projection with open and closed mouth were performed with an assessment of the correspondence of the articular fossa of the temporal bone to the size of the articular head, the location of the articular heads relative to the apex of the articular tubercle., Results: Of the examined 476 students, 95 people (20%) revealed hypermobility of the articular heads of TMJ. According to the results of clinical, functional and radiological studies of TMJ, we identified three degrees of hypermobility: light, moderately expressed, significant. With light to moderate degree of hypermobility, electromyography of the temporal and chewing muscles and TMJ zonography did not reveal a difference in performance compared to healthy ones. Most of the examined did not note functional discomfort from the joints. With a significant degree of hypermobility of the articular heads, electromyography of the temporal and chewing muscles revealed a lack of synergism in their work. On TMJ zonograms with an open mouth, the articular heads extended anteriorly beyond the tops of the articular tubercles almost under their outer base., Conclusions: It has been established that hypermobility of the joint heads of the TMJ, which does not cause signs of pathology in the form of masticatory function disorders, discoordination of the masticatory muscles and uncontrolled displacements of the lower jaw, the presence of a pain symptom should be considered as a variant of norm.

Objective: Introduction: The main causes of dysfunctional conditions of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), are occlusal, neurogenic, orthodontic disorders. The muscular component of TMJ is determines the dynamic anatomical and functional state of the mandible Therefore, in the diagnosis of dysfunctions and understanding of their pathogenesis belongs to the electromyographic method of investigation. The aim of the work was a comparative assessment of the bioelectrical activity of the actual chewing and temporal muscles in patients with musculo-articular compressiondislocation dysfunction of the TMJ of various severity., Patients and Methods: Materials and methods: Electromyographic studies of temporal and masticatory muscles were performed in 43 patients. Was assess maximal parameters were recorded with the greatest compression of teeth and in the periods of chewing on the side of the pain symptom and on the opposite side (μV), the frequency of filling the myogram (Hz), the time of activity (Ta) and the resting time (Tc), coefficient "K", which determines the ratio of the processes of activity and rest with functional samples (K = Ta / Tc)., Results: Results and conclusions: The main feature of the functional properties of the studied muscles in the compression-dislocation dysfunction of the TMJ is the prevalence of the maximum indices of their bioelectrical activity on the side of the joint with the dislocation of the articular head of the mandible in comparison with the joint, which is in a compression state both during periods of compression of the teeth and mastication. This kind of discoordination in the work of the muscular masticatory apparatus is reflected in the severity of the course of dysfunction.

Eighty-five patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis and 73 convalescents after epidemic or acute nonepidemic parotitis were examined for their secretory function and some physicochemical characteristics of mixed saliva and parotid secretion (secretion rate, pH, viscosity, transparency, electrokinetic properties). A significant reduction of salivary secretion volume and rate were detected, as were pH shift to the acid direction and increased viscosity of both saliva and parotid secretion, reduced transparency and increased electric conductivity in the patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis, more marked in those with an active course of the disease. Such changes were absent in convalescents after epidemic or acute nonepidemic parotitis. This permits a conclusion that none of these two conditions may be responsible for the development of a chronic inflammation of the parotid gland. The detected changes in physicochemical parameters of the saliva in chronic parenchymatous parotitis supplement the known data on the pathogenesis of this condition and may be used in the diagnosis and prediction of the course and outcome of sialadenitis. The authors emphasize the desirability of therapeutic and prophylactic measures during remissions of chronic parenchymatous parotitis.

A combined treatment-and-prevention complex includes infusion of ol. semeni fructus Rosae into the diseased gland via its duct, peroral administration of retinol acetate and gland electrophoresis with 1% ascorbic acid solution. Up to 10 years follow-up of 118 children confirmed high efficiency of the procedure in 84,75% of the cases. Treatment duration in cases of exacerbations of chronic parotitis was reduced by 7.9 days per year per 1 patient.

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the microbial flora of the parotid gland were investigated in 42 children with nonepidemic parotiditis. The pathogenic properties of the microbial flora were the most pronounced in acute purulent and purulent necrotic parotiditis as compared to those in aggravation and remission of chronic parotiditis. In children with acute or chronic recurring parotiditis during its aggravation there was observed a significant increase in the number of the coccal organisms in the mixture of saliva and secretion of the parotid gland. Direct relationship between the aggravation activity and the number of the microbes was noted which testified to lowering of the protective functions of the oral cavity tissues. With an account of the presence of microorganisms in the clinically intact salivary glands it was concluded that the microbial factor was secondary in etiology of parotiditis. Quantitative estimation of bacteria in the mixture of saliva and parotid gland secretion is important for antibacterial therapy of the disease which is advisable when 1 ml of secretion of the affected glands contains 10(5) microorganisms. Their antibiotic sensitivity tests are obligatory.