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The purpose of the study is to choose the rational placement of the developed working bodies on the frame of the steam cultivator. The types of media affecting the traction resistance of the working body of a steam cultivator are revealed: in the absence of destroyed soil on the sides, solid; in the presence of destroyed soil on one side – semi–flat; in the presence of destroyed soil on both sides - free. Calculations were made, as a result of which the following parameters of placement on the frame of the steam cultivator were determined: a two-row scheme with an even number of working bodies; the number of working bodies is 6; the width of the machine is 3 m; the distance along 52-54 cm; the distance across between the working bodies is 48-50 cm.

The paper discusses technologies for cultivating winter wheat in many years of experience, which make it possible to assess the impact of the main methods of tillage (under certain weather conditions) on its yield. Studies on the cultivation of winter wheat were carried out on chernozem by an ordinary carbonate heavy loader. Various tillage technologies have been studied. With conventional technology, the main soil treatment was carried out by the surface method, the fine method and the dump method. With zero technology, sowing was carried out in untreated soil. During the tests, meteorological conditions were taken into account: the amount of precipitation and the average annual air temperature. Deviation of meteorological parameters from the norm is justified. It was determined that the cultivation of winter wheat partially occurred in the dry period from 2017-2018 years to 2021-2022 year due to lack of precipitation and elevated temperatures.

Currently, one of the most important stages in obtaining high yields of the main crops is tillage of steam fields in summer. The article considers various variants of working bodies for tillage of steam fields to establish the energy indicators of the technological process. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the energy indicators of the technological process of shallow tillage, with all variants of working bodies. During the research, such indicators were established as the traction resistance created by the working bodies, the specific traction resistance of the unit equipped with various variants of working bodies, as well as the specific fuel consumption during the main work. As a result of the research, it was found that working bodies in the form of a flat one-sided paw and flexible working bodies have significantly lower indicators of specific traction resistance. For an aggregate equipped with flat one-sided legs at a speed of 2.7 m/s, the specific traction resistance is 1950-2150 N/m, and for an aggregate equipped with flexible working bodies at a speed of 2.78 m/s, the specific traction resistance is 850-975 N/m. It was also found that the working bodies in the form of a flat one-sided paw contribute to the preservation and retention of moisture inside the soil layer and are less energy-intensive in terms of specific fuel consumption. In addition to tillage of steam fields in the summer, working bodies in the form of a flat one-sided paw can be used for pre-sowing soil preparation to the depth of seeding of grain, small-seeded and vegetable crops.

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanization tools for mineral fertilizer application systems of enterprises of various forms of ownership, which can be used for implementation into the production process. This will allow us to further develop a machine design that would be able to fully meet the initial agrotechnical requirements for working in conditions of limited land use. We conducted a patent search using publicly available tools.

The design of a multi-body plowshare for processing heavy soils has been developed, namely, a new working body has been developed for preliminary destruction of the soil layer before its rotation by the main body of the plowshare. According to the results of the preliminary analysis, the working bodies for the ploughshare were selected and designed for the optimal operation of this tool in almost all weather conditions.

The article is devoted to the implementation of strip sowing technology with a discator working body. The strip sowing, in comparison with the existing row sowing, increases the area of seed feeding, which increases the yield of grain crops. The coulters currently used for strip sowing with the under-spreading distributor are energy intensive and prone to clogging. It is proposed to use disc spherical disc coulters with a distributor. Compact designs of disc seed drills with spherical disc openers have been developed, which can replace bulky seeding complexes. Disc seed drills combine strip sowing with mini and no-till, reducing energy consumption, increasing speeds and productivity. Providing seeds with nutritional areas of at least 10 cm2, they actually implement a new technology for sowing cereals, which can increase yields by 2-3 times compared to ordinary sowing.

The work highlights the issues of operation of a replaceable caterpillar propeller for a tractor of traction class 5, an analysis of the design of wheeled-caterpillar mobile power facilities is carried out, its positive and negative aspects during operation are described, its detailed justification is given in comparison with wheel propellers, the definitions of normal reactions are drawn up equations of moments, acting relative to the points of application of these reactions on the front and rear propellers, the results of calculating the distribution of pressures along the support branch of the caterpillar bypass are presented.

The work is of an applied nature and is aimed at substantiating the need to develop the working bodies of the tool for processing steam fields in the summer to preserve moisture in the soil, the main technologies for processing steam are given, the working bodies of steam cultivators are grouped, the design of a new working body is proposed, consisting of 2 narrow one-sided paws, its description is given, the angles of setting the upper part of the working body in the transverse and longitudinal-vertical planes and the horizon are justified, in conclusion, the results of the work done are given.

The article shows the importance and necessity of energy analysis of both machine technology, as a whole, and machinetechnological aggregates in order to compare several variants of technical solutions of the designed equipment (power units, machines, aggregates) for field cultivation. The necessity of introducing additional energy criteria when designing machine technologies and creating technical means for their implementation is justified.

The article shows one of the ways to evaluate the “machinetractor unit” system using a statistical model from the point of view of reducing non-productive rolling losses. The necessity of making structural changes in order to reduce the filtering capacity of the MTU system for high-frequency perturbations is justified.

Tribological properties of the experimental grades of high entropy hard alloys with modified binding phase on cobalt, which are characterized by minimal value of absolute t.m.f. to carbide phase, were experimentally investigated. It was established experimentally that new grades obtain better friction characteristics in comparison with the base alloy grade VK8 because friction processes of these materials in contact with structural steels are characterized by lower friction forces and lower temperatures in the friction zones. The ‘third body’ which is thicker than for the base alloy grade VK8, obtains a positive gradient of mechanical properties in friction zone, has a shielding effect, reduces the rate of generation of adhesive joints (welding bridges), and, perhaps, performs the role of dry lubrication.

The problem of quality control of agricultural machinery parts by means of dynamic non-destructive methods of impact indentation of conical shape indenters is considered. Quality of the crucial parts is considered from the point of view of a set of mechanical characteristics that determine the strength, hardness, wear resistance and deformability. These characteristics must be known and be able to control on all the details promptly and accurately both in the manufacturing process and in operation. The mechanical characteristics of metals are stochastic in nature. For this purpose, an impact indentation device was developed, and the method based on probabilistic laws of dispersion of mechanical characteristics is obtained.

The work describes the peculiarities of radical resections of the breast with high-energy CO2 laser in the treatment of patients with early stages of breast carcinoma. The advantages of the laser scalpel are pointed out. Twenty radical operations were conducted for breast carcinoma with the use of a CO2 laser. The operation did not last longer practically, blood loss diminished by half (from 350 ml to 150 ml), and the wounds healed in the usual periods. Reduced pain sensitivity in the region of the wound was noted in the postoperative period. The study is continued.

The paper discusses peculiarities of breast cancer surgery using high-energy CO2 laser. Advantages of laser scalpel are discussed. CO2 laser was employed in 120 cases of breast surgery including 70 operations for cancer (radical mastectomy and radical resection--35 cases each). Operative blood loss was reduced by half (from 350 to 140 ml). The duration of surgery and wound healing did not increase. Postoperative pain was less severe. The study is in progress.

Abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum and formation of a controlled artificial sphincter were performed in 74 cases, following research conducted in 1978-1981. An artificial sphincter was formed from a fascial-muscular flap of musculus adductor magnus of the thigh in 35 cases; a magnetic ring was implanted in 39 cases. Indications for both surgical procedures and technical details are discussed. The good long-term functional results point to the effectiveness of the said procedures of surgical rehabilitation of cases of extirpation of the rectum.