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Element blocks, which are polymerizable functional units composed of diverse elements, have increasingly attracted attention to construct advanced organic–inorganic hybrid polymer materials. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are, in this context, promising element blocks because their inorganic core is covered with organic substituents. However, well established main-chain type POSS polymers are difficult to be synthesized due to the highly symmetrical structure of POSS; equivalent reactivity of the eight corners makes it difficult to obtain bi-functional POSS monomers. In this work, a one-pot synthesis of POSS monomers has been attained by utilizing incompletely condensed POSS (IC-POSS). A sterically hindered triphenylsilyl group was introduced to cap one of the three silanol groups in the open structure, and the remaining two silanol groups were converted to polymerizable functional groups. Notably, material properties of the resulting polymers were controlled not only by the comonomers but also by the substituents on the IC-POSS. This facile and versatile molecular design of POSS monomers will open a new avenue to sophisticated element block polymer materials.

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are promising building blocks for organic–inorganic hybrid materials. However, polymers containing POSS units in the main chains have been hardly studied because the synthesis of bifunctional POSS monomers is very difficult in general. In this work, a novel molecular design of a POSS monomer has been proposed; a completely condensed POSS (CC-POSS) was linked to one reaction site of an incompletely condensed POSS (IC-POSS), and the remaining two reaction sites of the IC-POSS were used for polymerization. Notably, substituents on the IC- and CC-POSSs can be widely varied based on the present molecular design. It has been demonstrated that the resulting polymers are suitable for optically transparent materials because of their high thermal stability and transparency and that the properties were controlled by the substituents of the POSSs and comonomers.

Objectives Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has been expected to be an alternative for surgery for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and adopted as the second-best choice even in operable patients although local recurrence after CIRT is sometimes experienced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic data, perioperative courses and therapeutic outcomes of patients who underwent salvage resection for local recurrence after CIRT. Methods From November 1994 to February 2012, CIRT was applied for 602 c-T1/T2/T3N0M0 NSCLC lesions of 599 patients at the National Institute of Radiological Science. A total of 95 (16%) patients were diagnosed as having local recurrence, of whom 12 underwent salvage surgeries. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 7 men and 5 women (mean age, 63 ± 7.4 years). The clinical stages upon initial presentation with NSCLC were as follows: 4 IA, 7 IB and 1 IIB. All the patients were operable, but refused surgery and underwent CIRT. The median progression-free survival time after CIRT was 20 months (range, 7.1-77 months), and salvage surgery was performed at a median of 24 months (range, 9-78 months) after CIRT. All surgeries were successfully performed without any significant CIRT-related adhesions during the surgery, resulting in no mortality or Clavien-Dindo grade 3-4 postoperative complications. However, the distribution of pathological stages was as follows: 4 IA, 3 IB, 2 IIB, 2 IIIA and 1 IV, which included 6 upstages from the clinical stages before CIRT. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival after the salvage surgery showed that the 3-year survival rate was 82%. Conclusions The dose intensity of CIRT spared the hilum of the lungs and parietal pleura, none of the patients developed adhesions outside of the radiation field, such that the salvage surgeries for local recurrence after CIRT were safe and feasible.

Staphylococcus aureus 分離培地として新たに考案したテルライト・グリシン・食塩卵 (TGSE) 寒天を従来より知られるスタヒロコッカス培地No. 110, 食塩卵寒天, テルライト・グリシン寒天及び Baird-Parker によるETGP寒天と比較し, スタンプアガー法への応用について検討した.1) TGSE寒天の S. aureus に対する発育支持力は, 食塩卵寒天及びスタヒロコッカス培地No. 110と並んで良好であった. 一方, テルライト・グリシン寒天はもっとも悪く, ETGP寒天はこれらの中間に位置した.2) S. aureus 以外の菌に対する抑制力は, TGSE寒天がもっとも強く, テルライト・グリシン寒天もこれとほぼ同等であった. 食塩卵寒天及びスタヒロコッカス培地No. 110はかなり弱い抑制力しかもたず, ETGP寒天はこの場合も中間的であった.

Manometric study was performed to investigate the effects of cisapride, a new nonantidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetic compound, on interdigestive lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and gastroduodenal motility using infused catheter technique. The subjects consisted of 9 healthy volunteers and 29 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (19), reflux esophagitis (8) and others (2). 4 mg of cisapride was given by bolus injection, continuous infusion or oral administration.The following results were obtained:1) Intravenous and oral cisapride increased LESP compared with basal pressure. Especially, bolus injection of cisapride caused a significant elevation of LESP during 30 minutes after administration.2) After administration of cisapride, gastroduodenal motility was accelerated gradually, then inducing IMC-like contractions. By bolus injection, IMC-like contractions were induced in healthy subjects more frequently than in patients group.On the other hand, motility index of stomach and duodenum showed persistent increase in patients group compared with healthy subjects.3) Cisapride-induced IMC-like contractions initiated from LES and upper part of stomach and mediated to duodenum, though aborad migration was not confirmed in the present study.