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207 results on '"Ryynanen, Jussi"'

1. Digital Polar Transmitters for Massive MIMO: Sum-Rate and Power Efficiency Analysis

Author

Xu, Guixian, Lampu, Vesa, Kosunen, Marko, Unnikrishnan, Vishnu, Ryynanen, Jussi, Valkama, Mikko, and Anttila, Lauri

Abstract

In this article, we comprehensively investigate the potential of the digital polar radio transmitter architecture for multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) downlink system. In terms of throughput performance, we derive a lower bound for the average sum-rate achievable with Gaussian signaling inputs and zero-forcing (ZF) precoding based on Bussgang decomposition. By diagonal approximation, we derive an approximate, yet accurate, model for the distortion caused by uniform polar quantization, which can be used to evaluate the corresponding sum-rate in closed form. To assess the power efficiency, we provide power consumption models with realistic parameters and values for the quantized polar and Cartesian transmitters, based on state-of-the-art integrated circuit (IC) designs and measurements. Extensive numerical results demonstrate that the proposed quantized polar transmitter can enable excellent performance in terms of average sum-rate, symbol error rate (SER), and out-of-band (OOB) emission level, compared to the Cartesian architecture. Furthermore, the power consumption comparisons show that the digital polar transmitter can save more than 36% in the energy consumption under 64-antenna setting in typical 5G enhanced mobile broadband use cases, thus making it highly appealing for future power-efficient massive MIMO transmitter implementations.

Published
2024
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2. Reconfigurable Signal Processing and DSP Hardware Generator for 5G and Beyond Transmitters

Author

Ghosh, Agnimesh, Spelman, Andrei, Cheung, Tze Hin, Boopathy, Dhanashree, Stadius, Kari, Gomony, Manil Dev, Valkama, Mikko, Ryynanen, Jussi, Kosunen, Marko, and Unnikrishnan, Vishnu

Abstract

The digital front-end of the communication transceivers envisioned for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond requires highly configurable high-performance digital signal processing (DSP) hardware operating at very high sampling rates to accommodate increasing signal bandwidths and support a range of modulation schemes and transmitter architectures. In this article, we present an efficient implementation of a highly configurable DSP hardware generator that can generate high-performance DSP hardware for multiple transmitter architectures including Cartesian, polar, outphasing, and multilevel outphasing modulators. The generated hardware unit, which consists of multistage multirate filters and other required DSP operations, runs at sample rates up to 4 GHz. The hardware supports an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) down to −48 dB and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 0.78% with a 7-bit phase signal at a sampling rate of 4 GHz for multilevel outphasing modulation. Digital synthesis of the circuit in a 5-nm complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process yields a core area consumption of 0.01 mm2 and an estimated power consumption of 37.2 mW for a 200-MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (NR) baseband (BB) signal.

Published
2024
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3. Multilevel Outphasing With Over-the-Air Combining in Large Antenna Arrays

Author

Lampu, Vesa, Xu, Guixian, Brihuega, Alberto, Kosunen, Marko, Unnikrishnan, Vishnu, Ryynanen, Jussi, Fager, Christian, Valkama, Mikko, and Anttila, Lauri

Abstract

This article investigates the feasibility of combinerless multilevel outphasing transmitter as a potential architecture for large millimeter-wave (mmWave) phased arrays. We consider two distinct ways of distributing the component signals to the antennas and develop a model for the received signal at each radiated spatial direction from a phased array. Based on the received signal model, we derive expressions for the signal-to-distortion ratio as well as total power experienced at each spatial direction. Furthermore, antenna branch mismatches, overload distortion and quantization are considered, and an analytical model for the signal-to-distortion ratio at the intended receiver is derived. We additionally establish a model for comparing the achievable energy efficiency to those of the relevant reference methods. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out to verify the analytical works, and to assess the commonly used metrics of error vector magnitude (EVM) and total radiated power adjacent channel leakage ratio (TRP-ACLR). It is shown that the combinerless architecture is a valid option for mmWave phased arrays, demonstrating favorable EVM results and TRP-ACLR beyond the 28 dBc limit imposed by the 3GPP, even in the presence of the considered distortions. The conducted energy efficiency assessment shows that efficiency of the reference methods can be exceeded with sufficient amount of outphasing levels. The considered architecture is thus an interesting alternative for addressing the linearity vs. energy-efficiency challenge in mmWave phased-array systems.

Published
2023
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20. A 240-MHz low-pass filter with variable gain in 65-nm CMOS for a UWB radio receiver

Author

Saari, Ville, Kaltiokallio, Mikko, Lindfors, Saska, Ryynanen, Jussi, and Halonen, Kari A.I.

Subjects
Circuit design -- Methods, Electric filters -- Design and construction, Complementary metal oxide semiconductors -- Design and construction, Circuit designer, Integrated circuit design, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

An integrated fifth-order continuous-time low-pass filter for a WiMedia ultrawideband radio receiver is described in this paper. The prototype filter is realized with a passive pole at the filter input and a fourth-order leapfrog filter in which the gm-C technique with pseudodifferential transconductors is used. The transconductors do not include internal nodes, and they are designed to have a nominal 26-dB dc gain, of which process, voltage, and temperature variations are controlled by means of a negative resistance circuit. The losses of the low-dc-gain filter integrators are already taken into account in the filter synthesis. The passband edge frequency of the implemented filter is 240 MHz in order to receive multiband-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing signals using the direct-conversion topology. The voltage gain of the filter can be controlled from 9 to 43 dB in the 1-dB gain steps. The filter achieves a 7.8-nV [square root of Hz] input-referred noise density, a -8-dBV out-of-band third-order intermodulation intercept point, and a + 15-dBV out-of-band second-order intermodulation intercept point. The circuit uses a 1.2-V supply and has been fabricated in a modern 65-nm CMOS technology. Index Terms--Analog integrated circuits, CMOS, continuous-time filters, direct-conversion receiver.

Published
2009

23. Analysis and design of passive polyphase filters

Author

Kaukovuori, Jouni, Stadius, Kari, Ryynanen, Jussi, and Halonen, Karl A.I.

Subjects
Circuit design -- Methods, Electric filters -- Design and construction, Circuit designer, Integrated circuit design, Business, Computers and office automation industries, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Passive RC polyphase filters (PPFs) are analyzed in detail in this paper. First, a method to calculate the output signals of an n-stage PPF is presented. As a result, all relevant properties of PPFs, such as amplitude and phase imbalance and loss, are calculated. The rules for optimal pole frequency planning to maximize the image-reject ratio provided by a PPF are given. The loss of PPF is divided into two factors, namely the intrinsic loss caused by the PPF itself and the loss caused by termination impedances. Termination impedances known a priori can be used to derive such component values, which minimize the overall loss. The effect of parasitic capacitance and component value deviation are analyzed and discussed. The method of feeding the input signal to the first PPF stage affects the mechanisms of the whole PPF. As a result, two slightly different PPF topologies can be distinguished, and they are separately analyzed and compared throughout this paper. A design example is given to demonstrate the developed design procedure. Index Terms--Image reject, loss, passive polyphase filter (PPF), quadrature generation, transceivers.

Published
2008

25. Multitone fast frequency-hopping synthesizer for UWB radio

Author

Stadius, Karl, Rapinoja, Tapio, Kaukovuori, Jouni, Ryynanen, Jussi, and Halonen, Kari A.I.

Subjects
Frequency synthesizers -- Design and construction, Phase-locked loops -- Usage, Ultra wideband technology -- Research, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A fast frequency-hopping six-band local oscillator signal generator is described in this paper. Targeted for a Wi-Media ultra-wideband radio transceiver, it offers operation in mandatory band group 1 and in extensional band group 3. The circuit entity consists of three parallel phase-locked loops (PLLs), each including two voltage-controlled oscillators, one per band group, and a signal multiplexer for fast frequency selection. A broadband poly-phase RC filter is used for in-phase/quadrature generation. Furthermore, the synthesizer generates the clock signal for analog-to-digital converters by mixing the signals from the first and third PLL. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.13-[micro]m CMOS process and it consumes 32 mA from a 1.2-V supply. It achieves 2-ns frequency settling time with a 3-MHz hopping rate. Index Terms--Frequency synthesizer, phase-locked loop (PLL), ultra-wideband (UWB).

Published
2007

31. A 2–5.5 GHz Beamsteering Receiver IC With 4-Element Vivaldi Antenna Array

Author

Zahra, Mahwish, primary, Kempi, Ilia, additional, Haarla, Jaakko, additional, Antonov, Yury, additional, Khonsari, Zahra, additional, Miilunpalo, Toni, additional, Ahmed, Nouman, additional, Inkinen, Juha, additional, Unnikrishnan, Vishnu, additional, Lehtovuori, Anu, additional, Viikari, Ville, additional, Anttila, Lauri, additional, Valkama, Mikko, additional, Kosunen, Marko, additional, Stadius, Kari, additional, and Ryynanen, Jussi, additional

Published
2020
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38. A 1.5-1.9-GHz all-digital tri-phasing transmitter with an integrated multilevel class-D power amplifier achieving 100-MHz RF bandwidth

Author

Lemberg, Jerry, Martelius, Mikko, Roverato, Enrico, Antonov, Yury, Nieminen, Tero, Stadius, Kari, Anttila, Lauri, Valkama, Mikko, Kosunen, Marko, Ryynanen, Jussi, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Tampere University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Electrical Engineering, and Research group: Wireless Communications and Positioning

Subjects
213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, class-D power amplifier (PA), All-digital transmitter, multilevel outphasing, tri-phasing, digital interpolating phase modulator (DIPM)
Abstract

openaire: EC/H2020/704947/EU//ADVANTAG5 We present a prototype RF transmitter with an integrated multilevel class-D power amplifier (PA), implemented in 28-nm CMOS. The transmitter utilizes tri-phasing modulation, which combines three constant-envelope phase-modulated signals with coarse amplitude modulation in the PA. This new architecture achieves the back-off efficiency of multilevel outphasing, without linearity-degrading discontinuities in the RF output waveform. Because all signal processing is performed in the time domain up to the PA, the entire system is implemented with digital circuits and structures, thus also enabling the use of synthesis and place-and-route CAD tools for the RF front end. The effectiveness of the digital tri-phasing concept is supported by extensive measurement results. Improved wideband performance is validated through the transmission of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Enhanced reconfigurability is demonstrated with non-contiguous carrier aggregation and digital carrier generation between 1.5 and 1.9 GHz without a frequency synthesizer. For a 20-MHz 256-QAM OFDM signal at 3.5% error vector magnitude (EVM), the transmitter achieves 22.6-dBm output power and 14.6% PA efficiency. Thanks to the high linearity enabled by tri-phasing, no digital predistortion is needed for the PA.

Published
2019

40. Spatial Interpolation of Cyclostationary Test Statistics in Cognitive Radio Networks

Author

Chaudhari, Sachin, Kosunen, Marko, Mäkinen, Semu, Chandrasekaran, Ramanathan, Oksanen, Jan, Laatta, Markus, Ryynanen, Jussi, Koivunen, Visa, Valkama, Mikko, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Department of Micro and Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Dept Signal Process and Acoust, Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Databases, Kriging, radio environment map, cyclostationary detection, Hardware, spectrum sensing, Cognitive radio, spatial estimation, Detectors, Interference, Mobile communication, energy detection, Interpolation
Abstract

The focus of this paper is on evaluating different spatial interpolation methods for the construction of radio environment map (REM) using field measurements obtained by cyclostationary based mobile sensors. Mobile sensing devices employing cyclostationary detectors provide lot of advantages compared to widely used energy detectors such as robustness to noise uncertainty and ability to distinguish among different primary user signals. However, mobile sensing results are not available at locations between the sensors making it difficult for a secondary user (possibly without a spectrum sensor) to decide whether or not to use primary user resources at that location. To overcome this, spatial interpolation of test statistics measured at limited number of locations can be carried out to create a channel occupancy map at unmeasured locations between the sensors. For this purpose, different spatial interpolation techniques for the cyclostationary test statistic have been employed in this paper such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary Kriging (OK), and universal Kriging (UK). The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated by applying them on extensive real-world field measurement data obtained by mobile-phone-compliant spectrum sensors. The field measurements were carried out using four mobile spectrum sensors measuring eight DVB-T channels at more than hundred locations encompassing roughly one-third of the area of the city of Espoo in Finland. The accuracy of the spatial interpolation results based on the field measurements is determined using the cross validation approach with the widely used root mean square error (RMSE) as the metric. Field measurement results indicate that reliable results with spatial coverage can be achieved using Kriging for cyclostationary based test statistics. Comparison of spatial interpolation results of cyclostationary test statistics is also carried out with those of energy values obtained during the measurement campaign in the form of received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Comparison results clearly show the performance improvement and robustness obtained by the use of cyclostationary based detectors instead of energy detectors.

Published
2018

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