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The Big Five personality traits—neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness—represent continuous, individual features that affect a number of vital health aspects, including morbidity, self-reported health status, or lifestyle. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the eating behaviors and engagement in physical activity of women with a hereditary predisposition to breast or ovarian cancer and the Big Five personality traits. A total of 357 women, participants of 'The National Program for Families With Genetic/Familial High Risk for Cancer', were included in the study. In the healthy group, the following statistically significant predictors were found in variables: agreeableness—meal frequency (β = 0.151; p = 0.030); neuroticism—consumption of fruits and vegetables (β = −0.177; p = 0.016) and cereal products (β = −0.223; p = 0.002); openness to experience—consumption of plant-based fats (β = 0.141; p = 0.034) and physical activity (β = 0.153; p = 0.021). In the cancer group, the frequency of dairy consumption (β = 0.286; p = 0.003) and physical activity (β = 0.370; p = 0.000) were found to be statistically significant predictors for the openness to experience variable. Neuroticism is associated with less frequent consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables as well as cereal products. Openness to experience was more often linked with a higher frequency of dairy consumption, plant-based fats, and physical activity. Women with breast or ovarian cancer and a higher openness to experience consumed dairy and engaged in physical activity more often than their peers with the remaining personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was designed to assess the percentage share of musculus obliquus externus abdominis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis activity among women suffering from stress urinary incontinence using ultrasound imaging. Material and methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of prospective collected data of 84 women aged 23-62 years. In the study group are women suffering from grade 1 or 2 stress urinary incontinence according to the Stamey classification; the control group consists of women with no micturition disorders. The abdominal muscles' activity was measured by using ultrasound imaging with assessment of muscle thickness. Results: The analysis of musculus obliquus externus abdominis in anterolateral abdominal wall activity shows a statistically significant difference between study and control groups concerning isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p = 0.012) and lower abdomen tension (p = 0.004). Women with stress urinary incontinence present higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis than women in the control group. In the case of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis, statistically significant differences were found during tension of the lower part of the abdomen (p = 0.024). Comparison of activity of the musculus transversus abdominis between study and control groups shows a statistically significant difference during isometric tension of abdominal muscles (p = 0.018). Conclusions: The pattern of activity of the assessed muscles differs between the study group and the control group. In the study group, the activity pattern concerns the higher activity of the musculus obliquus externus abdominis and the lower activity of the musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is often associated with changes in the psychological functioning of women. The present study aimed to analyze the incidence of health problems in pregnant mothers and the influence of these problems on their daily functioning using a survey. The study included a total of 232 women aged 19–42 years. The tools used in the study were a self-developed questionnaire and the NHP questionnaire. The study was performed among women with pathological pregnancies and healthy pregnancies who delivered. Women with pathological pregnancies had pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal hypotrophy, cholestasis, or gestational diabetes mellitus. Women with healthy pregnancies were recruited from the hospital ambulatory and cooperating private practices or during admission for delivery. Group K had significantly lowest "TOTAL" intensity in relation to the other groups. For variable "PROBLEMS," a statistically significant difference was found between group K and group P (p=.001) and between group D and group P Every woman may experience a different level of satisfaction with life during pregnancy. This is typically determined by the personality of the given individual, as well as by pregnancy-associated emotions. It is important that health care personnel should provide psychological support and follow individual approach for each pregnant woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives. Human's life as well as medical professions consist of many moral dilemmas. The aim of our study was to evaluate moral competences of midwifery students during their whole university education (3 year course) based on their moral competences C-index. Material and Method: We performed randomized single blinded 3-year follow-up trial of 72 midwifery students. Standard Moral Judgment Test (MJT) By Georg Lind was used accompanied by own questionnaire. Moral competences were calculated (C-index) according to Lind's methodology. Subjects were also divided into active and passive ethics training to search for differences. Results. C-index varied during studies insignificant (p=0.14). Randomized groups were equal at the beginning point, no significant differences were noticed. Active ethics teaching did not increase C-index compared to controls in all measuring points (P1-P4, respectively p=0,41 and p=0,38). Conclusions. During 3 year studies at medical university moral competences measured by C-index varied insignificantly, but simultaneously the change in C-index was dependent on its value at the beginning of the trial. There was not statistically significant influence of active ethic's teaching compared to controls. Among social factors parents have strongest influence on students' morality, but growing role of Medical University in this hierarchy raises hopes for improvement in effectiveness of training in ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast elastography consist of static and dynamic method. The paper deals with morphologic characterization of breast lesions and typical symptoms like: mass ventralisation, size change, switch-off sign and posterior boundary imaging. The recent studies of dynamic elastography implementation into breast cancer screening are presented. In the shear wave elastography red colour, irregular shape or maximum stiffnes above 160kPa the upgrade from BIRADS 3 to 4a should be made. If the lesion is homogenous, blue and with stiffness < 80kPa them safe downgrade to BIRADS 3 could be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary incontinence in the general population occurs in 7% of non-pregnant women under 39 years old, 17% of those 40 to 59 years old, and 23-32% of those over 60 years old. In athletes the prevalence is higher, especially in high-impact training and gravity sports. Pelvic floor muscles (PFM) have two important roles; they serve as the support for abdominal organs and are crucial for closure of the urethra, vagina and rectum. We present the proper mechanisms of PFM caudal contractions with proper abdominal muscle control to avoid excessive intra-abdominal pressure. Pelvic floor sonography is discussed as the only objective method for pelvic floor examination among sportswomen and a tool which should be used routinely by urophysiotherapists and urogynecologists. A multidisciplinary individualized approach to stress urinary incontinence among athletes is presented including: physiotherapy, diagnostic imaging, use of a pessary, tampons, pharmacologic and surgical treatment. We present guidelines for stress urinary incontinence treatment in sportswomen of different age., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Termedia & Banach.)

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that involves the development of endometrium outside the uterine cavity with pain component predominance. The aim of the study was to discuss the occurrence of health problems in patients with endometriomas and simple cysts and the effect of these problems on the daily functioning of the patients., Material and Methods: The study included patients ( n = 40) treated laparoscopically and/or by laparotomy due to lesions in the form of endometriomas or simple cysts. The control group ( n = 36) consisted of healthy patients of the Gynecological Clinic, with no changes in adnexa confirmed in vaginal ultrasound examination. The original authors' questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire (NHP) were used as research tools., Results: Analysis of the correlation with Spearman's test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the size of the tumor and the occurrence of sleep disorders only in the group of women suffering from endometriomas ( r = -0.348; p = 0.041). Women with endometriomas significantly more often reported problems (Cramer's V) in the sphere of "paid work" ( p < 0.001), "housework" ( p < 0.001), in social life ( p < 0.001), problems in sexual life ( p < 0.001) as well as problems in continuing hobbies ( p < 0.001) and in spending free time ( p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Since the stage of endometriosis does not correlate with subjective complaints, it seems that an additional routine evaluation of quality of life, including an assessment of the severity of the disease, is warranted. Routine use of the Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire in patients with endometriosis can improve also the assessment of the treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Termedia & Banach.)

Acromegaly is a systemic disease caused by an excessive release of growth hormone and the hypopituitarism, which is induced by macroadenoma local mass effect. The gynecological and obstetric disorders include irregular menstrual cycles, anovulatory cycles and infertility. Therefore, pregnancy in patients affected by the disease is rare., A Case Report: Patient described in this study became pregnant after pharmacological, surgical and infertility treatment. Hence, the following paper presents the course of pregnancy and the discussion of the impact of acromegaly on female fertility, pregnancy, and concerns related to the diagnosis and treatment.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of the medical Internet by midwifery students with analysis of influencing factors and students' preferences. A prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out with 180 midwifery students. The response rate was 83.8%, 82% use the Internet, and 79.3% use the medical resources in their education. The mean accession to the Web is 5.3 +/- 8.4 times per month. The mean evaluation of information resources for books, journals, conferences and university courses was 6.6 +/- 3.2, 4.8 +/- 3.1, 2.7 +/- 3.0, and 6.8 +/- 3.8, respectively, as measured with the Visual Analogue Scale (p < 0.001). Age did not correlate with Internet use and its evaluation but correlated with a self-evaluation of Internet skills as a user (Rs = -0.20, p = 0.016). The evaluation of the Internet as a source of medical knowledge correlated with self-evaluation of medical search skills (Rs = 0.66, p < 0.001) and user skills (Rs = 0.61, p < 0.001). The medical Internet is used by the majority of midwifery students, but it is still a secondary source of information, after university training and medical books. The higher evaluation of Internet correlated with general computer skills and medical search skills, which suggests the need for education on Internet use by students.

Objectives: Overexpression of intracellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-1) was observed in many benign and malignant tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate its serum concentrations as well as CA-125 in women with benign ovarian tumors., Materials and Methods: Forty-five women treated surgically because of benign ovarian mass., Results: Mean concentrations of sICAM-1 in benign tumors was 241.8+/-74.1 ng/ml and 195.6+/-68.7 ng/ml in healthy controls. No correlations between sICAM-1 concentrations and leukocyte count, tumor volume, BMI and obstetrical history. Efficiency in tumor differentiation was higher for CA-125 than sICAM-1 (area under Receiver Operating Characteristic curve 0.78 and 0.63 respectively). We observed higher sICAM-1 concentrations in fibrothecomas and lower in endometrial and dermoid cysts., Conclusions: Serum ICAM-1 concentrations correlate with some histological types of benign tumors, but not with tumor volume. Levels of CA-125 are more effective than ICAM-1 in ovarian tumors differentiation.

Unlabelled: Soluble ICAM-1 could play different roles in pathological mechanisms of human endometrium found in such diseases as endometriosis, spontaneous abortion and infertility. The aim of our study was to evaluate in vitro sICAM-1 secretion to medium dependent on menstrual cycle and estradiol (E2) stimulation., Material and Method: Hysteroscopic biopsies in 19 infertile women. We established 16 cell cultures. Tissue was collected on DMEM, 5% FCS, 5% BSA with Penicillin, Streoptomycin, Gentamycin (2.5 mg/ml). Isolation was performed during 4 hours. Tissue was washed twice, treated with collagenase 1A (1 mg/ml, 37 degrees C 2 hours), centrifuged 10 min by 1200 rpm. Cells were cultured in DMEM/5% FCS/5% BSA with Penicillin/Streptomycin. After 2 days of endometrial and stromal cells coculture D-Valine was used to stop fibroblasts' growth. Number of cells was calculated according to Buerker method. After 2 days estradiol in concentration of 10(-10 M) was added to some cultures. Soluble ICAM-1 concentrations in supernatants were evaluated using standard ELISA kit. T-Student test was used for statistical analysis, p value < 0.05 was considered significant., Results: Median culture time was 14.9 (+/- 3.3) days. Longer cultures were obtained from women in follicular phase. The addition of estradiol prolonged culture by 3.8 days. The level of soluble ICAM-1 in supernatants in follicular phase was 17.6 ng/ml, in luteal 8.8 ng/ml. E2 influenced sICAM-1 production in culture (15.8 vs. 10.6 ng/ml)., Conclusions: Endometrial cells produce sICAM-1 constitutively. Soluble ICAM-1 concentrations are higher in follicular phase. Estradiol increases the excretion of sICAM-1.

Objectives: Today's diagnostics and differentiation of ovarian tumour is not efficient enough. Wide spreading tumour immunology of neoplasm presents an opportunity to determine new markers and mechanisms useful for diagnostic and discrimination. The aim of our study was to evaluate concentration of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) with CA-125 in ovarian cancer., Material and Method: Serum of 40 patients undergoing surgical treatment, 32 with ovarian cancer and 8 with benign tumours. Concentration of markers was determined immunoenzymatically., Results: Concentration of sICAM-1 correlated moderately with FIGO stage, tumour volume and CA-125. Mean concentrations between analysed groups were different, but not statistically significant. Determination of sICAM-1 together with CA-125 increased discrimination power of the test., Conclusions: Determination of sICAM-1 alone seems to have limited application. Addition of this test to CA-125 could improve value of the diagnostic process.