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It is challenging to find a conventional nanofabrication technique that can consistently produce soft polymeric matter of high surface area and nanoscale morphology in a way that is scalable, versatile, and easily tunable. Here, the capabilities of a universal method for fabricating diverse nano- and micro-scale morphologies based on polymer precipitation templated by the fluid streamlines in multiphasic flow are explored. It is shown that while the procedure is operationally simple, various combinations of its intertwined mechanisms can controllably and reproducibly lead to the formation of an extraordinary wide range of colloidal morphologies. By systematically investigating the process conditions, 12 distinct classes of polymer micro- and nano-structures including particles, rods, ribbons, nanosheets, and soft dendritic colloids (dendricolloids) are identified. The outcomes are interpreted by delineating the physical processes into three stages: hydrodynamic shear, capillary and mechanical breakup, and polymer precipitation rate. The insights into the underlying fundamental mechanisms provide guidance toward developing a versatile and scalable nanofabrication platform. It is verified that the liquid shear-based technique is versatile and works well with many chemically diverse polymers and biopolymers, showing potential as a universal tool for simple and scalable nanofabrication of many morphologically distinct soft matter classes.

Effective data management can enable the utilisation of new tools and technologies and, ultimately the creation of circular business models in the building industry. To accomplish this, a targeted mapping and collection of data must take place. However, several challenges hinder the exchange of information in a seamless digital flow through the value chain and building life cycle. This exploratory study contributes to bridging the gap in the research, providing an overview of existing barriers related to mapping, collecting, and storing data about materials and products in existing buildings. The findings are obtained through 18 semi-structured interviews with experts working with circular economy and digitalisation in the Norwegian AEC-industry. Some of the identified barriers, such as the lack of data availability and interoperability, lack of competencies and unwillingness to share data, are strongly interrelated; a collaborative approach will be essential across the value chain. The research sets the basis for developing a framework for data management that can facilitate the reuse of materials and products from a building at the end of life to new construction or refurbishment projects. Ultimately, effective data management opens for developing and implementing innovative circular business models, enhancing strategic data-based asset management.

Following a prostate cancer diagnosis, disease and treatment-related symptoms may result in diminished quality of life (QoL). Whether exercise improves QoL in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is not fully understood.We conducted a 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy of a 12-week remotely monitored exercise program among men with mCRPC. Here we report qualitative changes in QoL, consistent with the guidelines for pilot trials. Men were randomized to control, aerobic exercise, or resistance exercise. Exercise prescriptions were based on baseline cardiorespiratory and strength assessments. QoL outcomes were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires (e.g., QLQ-C30, PROMIS Fatigue, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), EPIC-26) collected at baseline and 12 weeks.A total of 25 men were randomized (10 control, 8 aerobic, 7 resistance). Men were predominately white (76%) with a median age of 71 years (range: 51-84) and 10.5 years (range: 0.9-26.3) post prostate cancer diagnosis. The men reported poor sleep quality and high levels of fatigue at enrollment. Other baseline QoL metrics were relatively high. Compared to the controls at 12 weeks, the resistance arm reported some improvements in social function and urinary irritative/obstruction symptoms while the aerobic arm reported some improvements in social function and urinary incontinence, yet worsening nausea/vomiting. Compared to the resistance arm, the aerobic arm reported worse urinary irritative/obstruction symptoms and self-rated QoL, yet some improvements in emotional function, insomnia, and diarrhea.The 3-month exercise intervention pilot appeared to have modest effects on QoL among mCRPC survivors on ADT. Given the feasibility, acceptability, and safety demonstrated in prior analyses, evaluation of the effect of the intervention on QoL in a larger sample and for extended duration may still be warranted.

Objective Skull base osteoradionecrosis (SB-ORN) is a serious, potentially lethal complication of radiation therapy. We aimed to review the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SB-ORN according to the extent of treatment. Design Retrospective analysis design was used for this study. Setting The study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals. Participants Patients included who had been clinically diagnosed with SB-ORN from January 2006 to 2017. Main Outcome Measures Clinical characteristics, including demographics, predisposing factors, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes, were reviewed. Treatment was classified into conservative and aggressive types. Aggressive treatment included radical surgical removal of soft tissue and bony sequestrum with the placement of vascularized tissue. Treatment outcome was analyzed in terms of clinical control, survival, and carotid artery blow out. Results Fifteen patients (11 males and 4 females) were identified during the study period. Eight patients were managed conservatively, whereas seven patients were managed with aggressive treatment. The 2-year survival was 75% in the aggressive treatment group and 15% in the conservative group (log-rank, p = 0.049). The estimated 2-year blow out free rate was 46.7% for the conservative group and 100% for the aggressive group (log-rank, p = 0.100). Conclusion In patients with SB-ORN, aggressive management, including surgical removal of sequestrum and coverage with a pedicled flap, is associated with increased survival.

The interplay between morphology, excluded volume and adhesivity of particles critically determines the physical properties of numerous soft materials and coatings

Emergency Core Coolant Bypass (ECC Bypass) has been regarded as an important phenomenon to peak cladding temperature of large-break loss-of-coolant-accidents (LBLOCA) in nuclear power plants (NPP). A modeling scheme to address the ECC Bypass phenomena and the calculation of LBLOCA using that scheme are discussed in the present paper. A hydraulic form loss coefficient (HFLC) from the reactor vessel downcomer to the broken cold leg is predicted by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code with a variation of the void fraction incoming from the downcomer. The maximum, mean, and minimum values of FLC are derived from the CFD results and are incorporated into the LBLOCA calculation using a system thermal-hydraulic code, MARS-KS. As a relevant parameter addressing the ECC Bypass phenomena, the FLC to the break and its range are proposed., {"references":["United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, \"Compendium of ECCS Research for Realistic LOCA Analysis,\" Final Report, NUREG-1230, 1988, pp 6.3-1-33.","P. S. Damerell, J. W. Simons, \"Reactor Safety Issues Resolved by the 2D/3D Program,\" International Agreement Report, NUREG/IA-0127, 1993, pp 4.1-4.33.","Korea Hydro and Nuclear Co. and Korea Electric Power Co.-Nuclear Fuel, \"LBLOCA Best-Estimate Evaluation Model for APR1400 Type Nuclear Power Plants Using the SPACE Code,\" Topical Report TR-KHNP-0030, August 2017, pp. 6-7.","Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, \"MARS Code Manaual - Volume II: Input Requirements,\" KINS/RR-1282, Rev.2, May 2016.","Ansys Inc., ANSYS CFX-18, 2017.","Wadle, M. A., \"A new formula for the pressure recovery in an abrupt diffuser,\" International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1989, pp. 241~256.","Schmidt, J. and Friedel, L., \"Two-phase pressure drop across sudden contractions in duct areas,\" International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 23, No. 2, 1997, pp. 283~299.","Roul, M. K. and Dash, S. K., \"Two-phase pressure drop caused by sudden flow area contraction/expansion in small circular pipes,\" Int. J. Numer. Mech. Fluids, Vol. 66, 2011, pp. 1420~1446","D. H. Yoon, Y. S. Bang, \"CFD Analysis for Two-phase Flow Pressure Drop through Broken Cold Leg in Reactor Downcomer,\" Trans. KSME 2017 Autumn Meeting, 2017, pp. 2501-2505.\n[10]\tInformation Systems Laboratories, Inc. RELAP5/MOD3.3 Code Manual Volume I: Code Structure, System Models, and Solution Methods, NUREG/CR-5535/Rev P5-Vol I, 2016.\n[11]\tKorea Hydro and Nuclear Co. \"Shinkori Units 3 and 4, Final Safety Analysis Report,\" 2015, pp. 6.3-1~89.\n[12]\tR. E. Henry and H. K. Fauske. \"The Two-Phase Critical Flow of One-Component Mixtures in Nozzles, Orifices, and Short Tubes.\" Transactions of ASME, Journal of Heat Transfer. 93. 1971, pp. 179-187."]}

Increased interest in sustainable production of renewable diesel and other valuable bioproducts is redoubling efforts to improve economic feasibility of microbial-based oil production. Yarrowia lipolytica is capable of employing a wide variety of substrates to produce oil and valuable co-products. We irradiated Y. lipolytica NRRL YB-567 with UV-C to enhance ammonia (for fertilizer) and lipid (for biodiesel) production on low-cost protein and carbohydrate substrates. The resulting strains were screened for ammonia and oil production using color intensity of indicators on plate assays. Seven mutant strains were selected (based on ammonia assay) and further evaluated for growth rate, ammonia and oil production, soluble protein content, and morphology when grown on liver infusion medium (without sugars), and for growth on various substrates. Strains were identified among these mutants that had a faster doubling time, produced higher maximum ammonia levels (enzyme assay) and more oil (Sudan Black assay), and had higher maximum soluble protein levels (Bradford assay) than wild type. When grown on plates with substrates of interest, all mutant strains showed similar results aerobically to wild-type strain. The mutant strain with the highest oil production and the fastest doubling time was evaluated on coffee waste medium. On this medium, the strain produced 0.12 g/L ammonia and 0.20 g/L 2-phenylethanol, a valuable fragrance/flavoring, in addition to acylglycerols (oil) containing predominantly C16 and C18 residues. These mutant strains will be investigated further for potential application in commercial biodiesel production.

Effect Ga2O3 addition on the densification and properties of Y2O3-doped AlN ceramics was investigated under the constraint of total sintering additives (Y2O3 and Ga2O3) of 4.5 wt%. Ga was detected in the AlN grain as well as the grain boundary phases. YAlO3 and Y4Al2O9 were observed as the secondary crystalline phases in all of the investigated compositions. As the substitution of Ga2O3 for Y2O3 increased, the quantity of the Y4Al2O9 phase decreased while that of YAlO3 was more or less similar. Neither additional secondary phases was identified, nor was the sinterability inhibited by the Ga2O3 addition; the linear shrinkage and apparent density were above 20 percent and 3.34-3.37 g/cm3, respectively. However, the optical reflectance and the elastic modulus generally decreased whereas the Poisson ratio increased significantly. The dielectric constant and the loss tangent of 4.0Y2O3-0.5Ga2O3-95.5Y2O3 at the resonant frequency of 8.22 GHz were 8.63 and 0.003, respectively.

As part of the national off-shore wind power development project by the government of Korea, the very first off-shore wind turbine utilizing tri-pod suction buckets for its sub-surface foundation has been successfully completed. This off-shore wind turbine with a capacity of 3MW has been designed, constructed, and installed in late 2016. It is located approximately 200 meters offshore with a water depth of approximately 10 meters. Sub-surface soil consists of interbedded clay and sand layers. Details of the design, construction, and installation of this wind turbine with tripod suction bucket foundation system are described and discussed.

10nm 2nd generation BEOL technology is described with an optimized illumination system and multi-patterning lithography. While the optimized illumination system offered a possibility to pattern reduced metal pitches in the preferred orientation, difficulties of T-T and T-S patterning still remained. It was overcome by increasing the number of available multi-patterning colors from 2 to 4. First-ever implementation of LELELELE with tight inter-color misalignment control increased scalability up to 17.1% and was demonstrated with SRAM 128Mb yield.

A new fiber-type Li-ion battery that consists of carbon nanotube fibers deposited with active materials has been developed and tested. The active materials, LiMn2O4 and Li4Ti5O12, were deposited on the surface of carbon nanotube fibers in order to use as electrodes. Tensile strength of the CNT fibers with active material was measured by tensile tests to investigate the mechanical characteristics. Electrochemical property is also measured by a battery tester during charging and discharging. The results show that current discharge capacity is about 25 mAh/g between 3.0 V and 4.2 V. That means the fiber with active materials is good for an anode electrode. Mathematical material models considering the lithium concentration and the length of Li-C bond have been established in order to predict the effective elastic modulus of electrode composite materials.

It is being tried to control robot arm using brain signal in the field of brain-machine interface (BMI). Thisstudy is focused on applying guidance laws for efficient robot arm control using 3D coordinates obtained from Mag-netoencephalography (MEG) signal which represents movement of upper limb. The 3D coordinates obtained frombrain signal is inappropriate to be used directly because of the spatial difference between human upper limb and robotarm’s end-effector. The spatial difference makes the robot arm to be controlled from a third-person point of view withassist of visual feedback. To resolve this inconvenience, guidance laws which are frequently used for tactical ballisticmissile are applied. It could be applied for the users to control robot arm from a first-person point of view whichis expected to be more comfortable. The algorithm which enables robot arm to trace MEG signal is provided in thisstudy. The algorithm is simulated and applied to 6-DOF robot arm for verification. The result was satisfactory anddemonstrated a possibility in decreasing the training period and increasing the rate of success for certain tasks suchas gripping object.Key words: Brain Signal, Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), Robot Arm, Guidance Law

This paper intends to establish the possibility on the application of a hybrid (CO2 laser+GMA) welding process to austenite stainless steel (STS304L) by clarifying the bead profiles and mechanical characteristics of the hybrid welded joints. Moreover, the residual stress, plastic strain characteristics and their production mechanism of the welded joints were examined by thermal elastic-plastic analysis. The visual test of the welds was classified as quite stringent (Quality B′) in quality for weld imperfections in terms of four items (reinforcement, backbead, undercut and bead uniformity of the weld). The tensile strength of the hybrid welded joints was approximately 546 MPa, which satisfied the classification requirements. The hardness of the hybrid welded joints was within the acceptable range (the maximum value 340–360 HV).

A thermophilic strain, Geobacillus sp. DC3, capable of producing hemicellulolytic enzymes was isolated from the 1.5-km depth of the former Homestake gold mine in Lead, South Dakota. The DC3 strain expressed a high level of extracellular endoxylanase at 39.5 U/mg protein with additional hemicellulases including β-xylosidase (0.209 U/mg) and arabinofuranosidase (0.230 U/mg), after the bacterium was grown in xylan for 24 h. Partially purified DC3 endoxylanase exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 43 kDa according to zymography with an optimal pH of 7 and optimal temperature of 70 °C. The kinetic constants, K m and V max, were 13.8 mg/mL and 77.5 μmol xylose/min·mg xylan, respectively. The endoxylanase was highly stable and maintained 70 % of its original activity after 16 h incubation at 70 °C. The thermostable properties and presence of three different hemicellulases of Geobacillus sp. DC3 strain support its potential application for industrial hydrolysis of renewable biomass such as lignocelluloses.

Austere US military bases typically dispose of solid wastes, including large fractions of food waste (FW) and corrugated cardboard (CCB), by open dumping, landfilling, or burning. Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers an opportunity to reduce pollution and recover useful energy. This study aimed to evaluate the rates and yields of AD for FW-CCB mixtures. Batch AD was analyzed at substrate concentrations of 1–50 g total chemical oxygen demand (COD) L −1 using response surface methodology. At low concentrations, higher proportions of FW were correlated with faster specific methanogenic activities and greater final methane yields; however, concentrations of FW ⩾18.75 g COD L −1 caused inhibition. Digestion of mixtures with ⩾75% CCB occurred slowly but achieved methane yields >70%. Greater shifts in microbial communities were observed at higher substrate concentrations. Statistical models of methane yield and specific methanogenic activity indicated that FW and CCB exhibited no considerable interactions as substrates for AD.

A gene encoding a synthetic truncated Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was generated via automated PCR and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Western blot analysis detected five truncated CALB variants, suggesting multiple translation starts from the six in-frame ATG codons. The longest open reading frame, which corresponds to amino acids 35-317 of the mature lipase, appeared to be expressed in the greatest amount. The truncated CALB was immobilized on Sepabeads® EC-EP resin and used to produce ethyl and butyl esters from crude corn oil and refined soybean oil. The yield of ethyl esters was 4-fold greater from corn oil than from soybean oil and was 36% and 50% higher, respectively, when compared to a commercially available lipase resin (Novozym 435) using the same substrates. A 5:1 (v/v) ratio of ethanol to corn oil produced 3.7-fold and 8.4-fold greater yields than ratios of 15:1 and 30:1, respectively. With corn oil, butyl ester production was 56% higher than ethyl ester production. Addition of an ionic catalytic resin step prior to the CALB resin increased yields of ethyl esters from corn oil by 53% compared to CALB resin followed by ionic resin. The results suggest resin-bound truncated CALB has potential application in biodiesel production using biocatalysts.

This article reviews current and future techniques that are applied in the meat industry to ensure product safety. Consumer demand for high-quality food and raised economic standards have triggered the development of emergent technologies to replace traditional well-established preservation processes. Some promising nonthermal and thermal technologies, such as chemical and biological interventions, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), irradiation, active packaging, natural antimicrobials and microwave, radiofrequency, and steam pasteurization, are under consideration for the preservation of meat products. All these alternative technologies are designed to be mild, energy-conserving, environmentally friendly, and maintaining natural appearance and flavor, while eliminating pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. Their combination, as in the hurdle theory, may improve their effectiveness for decontamination. The objective of this article is to reflect on the possibilities and especially the limitations of the previously mentioned technologies.

The optical properties of white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) fabricated utilizing a CaAl12O19:Mn and Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphor layer were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns for CaAl12O19:Mn and Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors showed that Mn ions in the CaAl12O19:Mn phosphors were completely substituted into Ca ions and that Mn ions in the Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors were completely substituted into Zn ions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed that the size of the CaAl12O19:Mn phosphor was approximately between 0.1 and 3 microm, and that the size of the Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphor was smaller than 7 microm. The color coordinates of the electroluminescence spectra for WOLEDs with phosphor thicknesses of 0.25 and 0.35 mm shifted to the white emission side because the generated blue light from the blue OLEDs combined with the red and green lights was converted by the CaAl12O19:Mn and the Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphor down-conversion layers.

Scheffersomyces (formerly Pichia) stipitis NRRL Y-7124 was mutagenized using UV-C irradiation to produce yeast strains for anaerobic conversion of lignocellulosic sugars to ethanol. UV-C irradiation potentially produces large numbers of random mutations broadly and uniformly over the whole genome to generate unique strains. Wild-type cultures of S. stipitis NRRL Y-7124 were subjected to UV-C (234 nm) irradiation targeted at approximately 40% cell survival. When surviving cells were selected in sufficient numbers via automated plating strategies and cultured anaerobically on xylose medium for 5 months at 28°C, five novel mutagenized S. stipitis strains were obtained. Variable number tandem repeat analysis revealed that mutations had occurred in the genome, which may have produced genes that allowed the anaerobic utilization of xylose. The mutagenized strains were capable of growing anaerobically on xylose/glucose substrate with higher ethanol production during 250- to 500-h growth than a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain that is the standard for industrial fuel ethanol production. The S. stipitis strains resulting from this intense multigene mutagenesis strategy have potential application in industrial fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

The electrical and optical properties of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with three periods of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)/aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinolate) (Alq3) multiple heterostructures acting as an electron transport layer (ETL) were investigated. While the leakage current of OLEDs with multiple heterostructures was smaller than that of OLEDs without multiple heterostructures, the luminance efficiency was larger than that of OLEDs without multiple heterostructures. The BPhen layers in the multiple heterostructures blocked holes from the emitting layer (EML) to the ETL, and they enhanced the electron injection from the cathode to the EML, resulting in an increase in the luminance efficiency.

The electrical and optical properties of blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) containing a mixed host emitting layer (EML) consisting of a 1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mCP) layer and a 3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphtha-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN) layer were investigated. The driving voltage of the OLEDs with a mixed host EML was smaller than that of the OLEDs with a single EML. The electroluminescence spectra for OLEDs containing a mixed host EML showed a dominant peak related to the mCP or the TBADN layer. The color coordinates of the OLEDs containing a 5% TBADN-doped mCP EML were (0.146, 0.091), indicative of the deep blue color coordinates.

Blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated utilizing a hybrid emitting layer (EML) consisting of a bis(3,5-difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl)iridiumIII (FIrpic)-doped 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP) layer, a 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (MADN)-doped mCP layer, and a 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthorlene (BCP)-doped MADN layer were fabricated to investigate their luminance efficiency enhancement. The FIrpic-doped mCP layer, the MADN-doped mCP layer, and the BCP-doped MADN layer in the blue OLEDs acted as a phosphorescence EML, a fluorescence EML, and an exciton blocking layer, respectively. The maximum luminance efficiency and the maximum brightness of the OLEDa were as large as 8.36 cd/A and 16,000 cd/m2, respectively, which were larger than those of conventional phosphorescence blue OLEDs with a FIrpic-doped mCP EML.

A series of centrifuge model tests have been conducted on a model suction pile embedded in sand to evaluate its inclined pull-out loading capacity. This paper describes the centrifuge model tests, the analytical solution, and comparisons between the centrifuge model test results and the analytical predictions of the pull-out capacities of the suction pile under inclined loads. The main variables of the study are the load inclination angle and the point of mooring line attachment which varies from the top to the bottom of the suction pile’s side surface. Effects of these two parameters on the suction pile inclined pull-out loading capacity are described.

A synthetic Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) gene open reading frame (ORF) for expression in yeast was constructed, and the lycotoxin-1 (Lyt-1) C3 variant gene ORF, potentially to improve the availability of the active enzyme at the surface of the yeast cell, was added in frame with the CALB ORF using an automated PCR assembly and DNA purification protocol on an integrated robotic workcell. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing CALB protein or CALB Lyt-1 fusion protein were first grown on 2% (w/v) glucose, producing 9.3 g/L ethanol during fermentation. The carbon source was switched to galactose for GAL1-driven expression, and the CALB and CALB Lyt-1 enzymes expressed were tested for fatty acid ethyl ester (biodiesel) production. The synthetic enzymes catalyzed the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters from ethanol and either corn or soybean oil. It was further demonstrated that a one-step-charging resin, specifically selected for binding to lipase, was capable of covalent attachment of the CALB Lyt-1 enzyme, and that the resin-bound enzyme catalyzed the production of biodiesel. High-level expression of lipase in an ethanologenic yeast strain has the potential to increase the profitability of an integrated biorefinery by combining bioethanol production with coproduction of a low-cost biocatalyst that converts corn oil to biodiesel.