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Static random-access memory (SRAM) is the most prevalent type of memory used in current system-on-chips (SOC). SRAMs built using Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, suffer from low stability and significant power dissipation at nano scale regime [1]. Studies show that the Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) are prominent to use at nano scale region. This article proposes a 12T CNTFET SRAM cell and its performance metrics like power, stability and delay are compared with various other recent SRAM cells by simulating them using CNTFETs. Two Schmitt trigger (ST) based cross coupled inverter arrangement make up the storage cell in the suggested 12T CNTFET SRAM bit cell. ST-based inverter has stacked N-type transistors, which reduces the circuit's leakage and the voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) of ST inverter is also sharper than the other conventional inverters, thereby enhancing the stability performance of the proposed bit cell. The cell also uses feedback cutting transistor and a separate read and write path to further improve the stability performances during read and write modes. The suggested 12T CNTFET SRAM cell shows higher write SNM, hold SNM and read SNM when compared to other state of the art SRAM cells. The read and write delay of the proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell is also seen to improve in contrast to the other SRAM designs. The proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell when simulated using 32 nm CNTFET at 0.9 V, shows write power, hold power, read power, write delay, read delay, write static noise margin (WSNM), HSNM and read static noise margin (RSNM), as 0.19 nW, 1.61 nW, 3.13 µW, 119 pS, 7.33 pS, 444 mV, 420 mV, 420 mV respectively. The suggested cell is also tested for parametric variations and its performance is also recorded. The proposed cell surpasses all other cells considered as far as power and stability are concerned making it suitable for usage in smart devices like smart bands, smart watches etc. A 32 nm Stanford University model is used to simulate the proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell using the HSPICE tool.

Neonatal sepsis is a blood-stream infection that affects newborns under the age of 28 days. Sepsis is common in NICUs and has a high prevalence of Klebsiella species. As a result, the study aims to find the antibiotic resistance profile, virulence factors, and the prognosis of K. pneumoniae-infected neonates. A prospective study was conducted which included 140 neonates with clinical sepsis. Characterization of Klebsiella pneumonia isolates was done by conventional methods. Drug resistance and virulence factors were detected by phenotypic methods. Genotypic methods included 16s rRNA amplification and sequencing. Detection of multidrug-resistant genes by PCR was performed. K. pneumoniae (26.9%) was the most common pathogen isolated. A high prevalence of ESBL was detected (58.8%). The prevalence of CRKP and MβL was about 29.4%, and 23.5% respectively. Two strains were Strong biofilm producers and nine isolates showed Beta hemolysis.7 strains were positive for the string test. Four strains were positive for the wcaG gene. 3 positive for magA (K1) and 2 were for gene wzy (K2). Three isolates carried blaCTX–M, four isolates harbored blaVIM, two for IMP, and one for NDM and KPC gene. K. pneumoniae isolates in the NICU increased in frequency and antibiotic resistance. It is a serious hazard to the healthcare system, and it necessitates strict infection control methods in healthcare settings, as well as antibiotic stewardship to prevent the overuse of antibiotics in neonatal sepsis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious and important public health issue to be addressed in India. Timely diagnosis of the drug resistance in tuberculosis is essential to ensure and initiate appropriate therapy. The detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in cases of smear-negative and clinical diagnosed pulmonary TB. A prospective case-control study was conducted on 473 pulmonary samples received at the tertiary care center from January 2019 to December 2019. All specimens were processed for microscopy and culture. CBNAAT- Gene Xpert and LPA Genotype MTBDRplus (VER 2.0) was used to confirm in smear-negative samples. Among the pulmonary samples, 52% smear-positive, and 48% smear-negative, 183 (43%) were found to be culture-positive by Lowenstein Jensen medium (LJ) and MGIT 960, 267 (63%) were positive CBNAAT and LPA n= 216 (51%) samples positive for the TUB band. The use of CBNAAT-Gene Xpert, Line Probe Assay Genotype MTBDR plus(VER 2.0) can be done from the samples directly and the diagnostic performance are more specific for detecting MTB in smear-negative specimens. This study suggests that LPA also helps in the diagnosis of MDR rapidly and in initiation of earlier treatment.

Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram positive pathogen causing pharyngitis, mild infections to chronic complications (Rheumatic Heart Disease, RHD). In this study, echocardiographic and clinical profile in pharyngitis, rheumatic fever patients were compared with virulent genes emm, spe A, spe B and sof. Nearly 107 subjects were classified into Group I – Pharyngitis (n=30), Group II – Rheumatic Fever (n=30) and Group III – healthy controls (n=47). The isolated S.pyogenes from Group I and Group II patient’s throat swab were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence. Multiplex PCR was done for identification of virulent genes. Electrocardiogram and Echocardiography was done for all the groups. For statistical analysis ANOVA and t-test were used. Comparison between groups were done by Tukey’s Multiple Comparison test. Among 107 isolates, 16.7% emm gene were detected in Group I and 23.3% in Group II, 56.67 % of spe B in Group I and 73.33 % in Group II, 36.67% of sof gene in Group I and 40% in Group II. Mitral Regurgitation was most commonly encountered in rheumatic fever. Hemoglobin (

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) causes a variety of diseases, from benign self-limiting infections of the skin or throat to lethal infections of soft tissue accompanied by multi-organ failure. GAS is one of significant species among Gram-positive pathogens which is responsible for several suppurative infections and non-suppurative sequelae. They also cause pharyngitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), necrotizing fasciitis and other diseases. Currently, global burden of RF / RHD is undervalued. In 2010, RF and RHD were estimated as 15.6 million cases and deaths around 200,000 annually. Laboratory diagnosis includes cultural techniques, serology, PYR test, Bacitracin susceptibility test and antibiotic resistance testing helps in differentiating the Streptococcus pyogenes from other groups of Streptococci. Most of the Acute Rheumatic Fever cases gets missed or does not present in the initial stage rather it has been developed into advanced Rheumatic Heart Disease condition. Modified Jones criteria in 2015 will be helpful especially to the low risk population as it is challenging because of limited access to primary health care, diagnosis of streptococcal disease. In addition to this revised criteria, diagnosis still relies on clinical diagnostic algorithm. Vaccines based on M protein and T antigens are continuing to evolve with different results. Ongoing vaccine development is still challenging for the GAS research community, it will make a positive and lasting impact on the peoples globally.

This article presents a novel 2.45 GHz compact double comb-shaped slotted rectenna system designed to capture RF energy from the environment. The proposed rectenna integrates two comb-like structures into a square patch antenna, and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit with a small footprint, measuring 48x31x1.5mm3. The design features semi-circular slots at the patch center to improve bandwidth and impedance matching, while the double comb structures enhance antenna return loss characteristics and radiation performance. The rectenna prototype was constructed on a 1.5 mm thick, cost-effective FR-4 substrate. Both modeling tools and measurements were used to analyze the rectenna harvesting capacity. The analysis results show a return loss (S11) of -10 dB across a fractional bandwidth of 17.14% between 2.3 GHz and 2.48 GHz. The rectifier circuit achieves a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 83% at 2.45 GHz and an output voltage of 2.2V with a 2 kO load resistance. The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that the proposed rectenna efficiently harvests RF energy from the surrounding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In microgrid distribution generation (DG) sources are integrated parallelly for the economic and efficient operation of a power system. This integration of DG sources may cause many challenges in a microgrid. The islanding condition is termed a condition in which the DG sources in the microgrid continue to power the load even when the grid is cut off. This islanding situation must be identified as soon as possible to avoid the collapse of the microgrid. This work presents the hybrid islanding detection technique. This technique consists of both active and parametric estimation methods such as slip mode shift frequency (SMS) and exact signal parametric rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), respectively. This technique will easily distinguish between islanding and non-islanding events even under very low power perturbations. The proposed method also has no power quality impact. The proposed method is tested with UL741 standard test conditions.

This contemporary work explores the theoretical analysis of energy transfer performance of distinct nanoparticles (silver, copper, aluminium oxide and titanium oxide) adjacent to a moving surface under the influence of a porous medium which is driven by the buoyancy force. A mathematical model is presented which is converted to similarity equations by employing similarity transformation. The condensed nonlinear equations were approximated by the iterative method called RKF 45th-order. The flow and energy transference characteristics are explained through graphs and tabulated values. The notable findings are: silver- water is an appropriate nanofluid for enhancing the thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Titanium oxide – water shows a lower fluid flow movement due to porosity.

Aberrations in the deep wrist flexors are frequently documented. These varied muscles might account for anterior interosseous nerve compression syndrome. The present study describes a case with three variations in the deep flexor of wrist comprising two separate small muscle bellies with their tendons and a higher level cleavage of the lateral tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Such a triple anomaly is a rare occurrence that has to be borne in mind by hand surgeons in case of nerve entrapment syndromes.

In this paper a modified fourth order compact scheme for solving unsteady 2-D Navier-stokes equation in stream function-vorticity formulation is proposed. The proposed scheme involves domain transformation and the governing cartesian equations are transformed to body fitted coordinate system. Explicit Euler’s forward discretization in time and central difference in space are applied except for few nodes adjacent to the computational boundaries. The scheme is tested on two benchmark problems Taylor vortex flow, Burgraff flow. The results in numerical form are compared with exact solutions and are in excellent agreement. Keywords: Compact scheme, Body fitted coordinates, Navier-Stokes equation

The aim of the current work is to explore how heat transfer can be enhanced by variations in the basic properties of fluids in the presence of free convection with the aid of suspended hybrid nanofluids. Also, the influence of the Laurentz force on the flow is considered. The mathematical equations are converted into a pair of self-similarity equations by applying appropriate transformations. The reduced similarity equivalences are then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45th-order method. To gain better perception of the problem, the flow and energy transfer characteristics are explored for distinct values of significant factors such as variable viscosity, convection, magnetic field, and volume fraction. The results acquired are in good agreement with previously published results. The noteworthy finding is that the thermal conductivity is greater in hybrid nanofluid than that of a regular nanofluid in the presence of specified factors. The boundary layer thickness of both hybrid nanofluid and normal nanofluid diminishes due to decrease in variable viscosity. The fluid flow and temperature of the hybrid nanofluid and normal nanofluid increases as there is a rise in volume fraction.

Introduction: The application of light and continuous forces for optimum physiological response and the least damage to the tooth supporting structures should be the primary aim of an orthodontist. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys with their desirable properties are one of the natural choices of the clinicians. Aim: This study was aimed to compare and rank them based on its tensile strength and electrical resistivity. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of eight groups of 0.017 inch × 0.025 inch rectangular archwires from eight different manufacturers, and five samples from each group for tensile testing and nine samples for electrical resistivity tests were used. Data for stress at 10% strain and the initial slope were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance and Scheffe tests with P < 0.05. The stress/strain plots of each product were ranked for superelastic behavior. The rankings of the wires tested were based primarily on the unloading curve's slope which is indicative of the magnitude of the deactivation force and secondarily on the length of the horizontal segment which is indicative of continuous forces during deactivation. For calculating the electric resistivity, the change in resistance after inducing strain in the wires was taken into account for the calculation of degree of martensite transformation and for ranking. Results: In tensile testing Ortho Organizers wires ranked first and GAC Lowland NiTi wires ranked last. For resistivity tests Ormco A wires were found superior and Morelli remained last. Conclusion: these rankings should be correlated clinically and need further studies.

Background and Aim: Placenta is the main channel in utero, through which the fetus receives its nutrition from the mother. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are fairly common and affect the growth and development of the placenta and fetus in many ways. Knowledge of these changes in placenta due to hypertension in pregnancy is essential as many of these changes can be diagnosed prenatally by available techniques to improve the fetal outcome and reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to note the morphometrical and morphological parameters in the placenta of normal and hypertensive pregnancies and to correlate them with fetal outcome. The study was done on 30 placentae as control group, obtained after delivery of normotensive women and 30 placentae as study group, which were obtained after delivery of hypertensive mothers which included chronic hypertension, pre eclampsia and eclampsia. The placental specimens were collected from the department of obstetrics and gynecology, KIMS, Bangalore and new born parameters were taken from their records. Results: The placental morphometrical parameters were significantly less in hypertensive group as compared to the control group. The mean placental weight was 458.33± 70.47gms; mean placental surface area was 215.82±27.83 sqcms, the mean placental volume was 583.67+66.21cc and mean decidual thickness was 2.50 ±0.24 cms in hypertensive group while in the control group the values were 561.67±77.33 gms, 241.91±37.23 sqcms, 674.00±88.50 cc and 2.83±0.34 cms respectively. The mean birth weight (kg) of newborn was 2.92 ± 0.45 in control group and it was and 2.47 ±0.40 in hypertensive group. Conclusion: Thus hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affects the placenta in a major way by decreasing its weight, surface area, thickness and volume and by increasing pathological changes like placental infarcts and calcified areas which adversely affect fetal parameters like weight and APGAR score.