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A high position resolution neutron detector for time-of-flight measurements is being developed to measure the (p, pn) reaction in inverse kinematics with an excitation energy resolution of 1 MeV at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory. In this study, a new method based on the segmentation of the neutron detector part is employed to achieve a position resolution on the order of mm with a prototype neutron detector. The prototype detector consists of 8 x 8 scintillating fibers, two multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and two light guides. The scintillating fibers have a cross sectional area of 3.75x3.75 mm(2). The prototype's performance is studied using the neutron and proton beams provided at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University and the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. It is confirmed that the hit pattern analysis correctly recognizes the neutron detection position within the fiber size of 3.75 mm. The obtained TOF resolution of 350 ps (FWHM), lateral position resolution of 2.5 mm (FWHM), and longitudinal position resolution of 50-60 mm (FWHM) satisfy the requirements to achieve an excitation energy resolution of 1 MeV. The typical detection efficiency is similar to 2.0% for a neutron with a kinetic energy of 50-200 MeV. The detailed investigation of the detection efficiency in conjunction with the neutron hit position reveals the existence of the non-uniformity of the efficiency. It is shown that the non-uniformity can be mitigated by reducing the threshold level, and by increasing the detector size. For a larger neutron detector, based on the design of the prototype detector, the non-uniformity will thus be negligible.

We perform the first direct mass measurements of neutron-rich calcium isotopes beyond neutron number 34 at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory by using the time-of-flight magnetic-rigidity technique. The atomic mass excesses of ^{55-57}Ca are determined for the first time to be -18650(160), -13510(250), and -7370(990) keV, respectively. We examine the emergence of neutron magicity at N=34 based on the new atomic masses. The new masses provide experimental evidence for the appearance of a sizable energy gap between the neutron 2p_{1/2} and 1f_{5/2} orbitals in ^{54}Ca, comparable to the gap between the neutron 2p_{3/2} and 2p_{1/2} orbitals in ^{52}Ca. For the ^{56}Ca nucleus, an open-shell property in neutrons is suggested.

The (^{12}N, ^{12}C) charge-exchange reaction at 175 MeV/u was developed as a novel probe for studying the isovector spin giant monopole resonance (IVSMR), whose properties are important for better understanding the bulk properties of nuclei and asymmetric nuclear matter. This probe, now available through the production of ^{12}N as a secondary rare-isotope beam, is exothermic, is strongly absorbed at the surface of the target nucleus, and provides selectivity for spin-transfer excitations. All three properties enhance the excitation of the IVSMR compared to other, primarily light-ion, probes, which have been used to study the IVSMR thus far. The ^{90}Zr(^{12}N,^{12}C) reaction was measured and the excitation energy spectra up to about 70 MeV for both the spin-transfer and non-spin-transfer channels were deduced separately by tagging the decay by γ emission from the ^{12}C ejectile. Besides the well-known Gamow-Teller and isobaric analog transitions, a clear signature of the IVSMR was identified. By comparing with the results from light-ion reactions on the same target nucleus and theoretical predictions, the suitability of this new probe for studying the IVSMR was confirmed.

We observed the atomic 1s and 2p states of π^{-} bound to ^{121}Sn nuclei as distinct peak structures in the missing mass spectra of the ^{122}Sn(d,^{3}He) nuclear reaction. A very intense deuteron beam and a spectrometer with a large angular acceptance let us achieve a potential of discovery, which includes the capability of determining the angle-dependent cross sections with high statistics. The 2p state in a Sn nucleus was observed for the first time. The binding energies and widths of the pionic states are determined and found to be consistent with previous experimental results of other Sn isotopes. The spectrum is measured at finite reaction angles for the first time. The formation cross sections at the reaction angles between 0° and 2° are determined. The observed reaction-angle dependence of each state is reproduced by theoretical calculations. However, the quantitative comparison with our high-precision data reveals a significant discrepancy between the measured and calculated formation cross sections of the pionic 1s state.

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the accidental ingestion ofEchinococcus multiloculariseggs. Early detection is essential as surgical resection is the only treatment for a complete cure. However, details are unclear about changes in the antibody response during the initial stages of infection, yet such information is useful for early serodiagnosis. Therefore, a long-term investigation was performed into the time course of the antibody response before ‘positive’ detection. Patient sera were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting (WB) analysis using crude antigens extracted fromE. multilocularisprotoscoleces. Rats were experimentally infected with AE and similarly analysed by ELISA and WB. Among the markers for diagnoses, the 18 kDa band (main marker) appeared last in the preoperative stages and disappeared first after operation in a WB test. Although the 18 kDa antigen can be useful as a marker for AE diagnosis, it cannot contribute to the detection of some patients before the 18 kDa band appearance. To avoid misdiagnosis, different diagnostic antigens such as the 26–28 and 7–8 kDa bands should also be considered. These bands tend to appear earlier than the 18 kDa band and thus offer the potential for early detection of AE. We first observed changes in the antibody response in a relatively early stage after infection in human AE cases. Notably, changes in the antibody response of two intermediate species were similar. These findings provide valuable information for the early detection of human AE cases in the future.

A radio interferometer capable of azimuth-elevation direction finding for geosynchronous satellites has been developed. The interferometer has two small-diameter antennas and four movable planar mirrors. The movable mirrors reflect the microwaves from the satellite and guide them to the fixed receiving antennas. Two of the movable mirrors are mounted on a rotary arm, so that the baseline of the interferometer can rotate in the horizontal plane. This configuration enables the interferometer to eliminate phase-ambiguity problems and cable-phase errors, resulting in a direction finding accuracy of better than 0.01 deg in the Ku band.

A candidate resonant tetraneutron state is found in the missing-mass spectrum obtained in the double-charge-exchange reaction ^{4}He(^{8}He,^{8}Be) at 186 MeV/u. The energy of the state is 0.83±0.65(stat)±1.25(syst) MeV above the threshold of four-neutron decay with a significance level of 4.9σ. Utilizing the large positive Q value of the (^{8}He,^{8}Be) reaction, an almost recoilless condition of the four-neutron system was achieved so as to obtain a weakly interacting four-neutron system efficiently.

Many people are anxious about radiation exposure for the reason that radiation cannot be seen. With the aim of devising a way for medical personnel to perform their medical duties without worry about radiation exposure, we attempted safety management using a system that displays the air dose of radiation in real time. Measurements were made in a lung ventilation scintigraphy examination room with the use of Xe-133. An SCI-type RI detector from Hamamatsu Photonics, which displays the air dose rate in real time, was used for the measurements. These radiation measurements were continued from the start to finish of the examination. The measurements were made in two locations, on the patient inhalation tube side and on the opposite side. Measurements were made on the patient tube side in 24 tests and on the opposite side in 12 tests. The maximum air dose rate was 3.7 ± 2.1 μSv/h on the patient tube side and 1.1 ± 0.5 μSv/h on the opposite side. Thus, the level on the opposite side was about 1/5 that of the tube side. To accurately perform lung ventilation scintigraphy, a medical worker needs to observe the patient's breathing status up close. Because of this, some medical workers are worried about radiation exposure during tests. The simplest way to reduce exposure would be to maintain a distance from the examination tube that is the source of radiation. The measurements in this study were made to encourage medical workers' recognition of this fact. Displaying specific numbers not only serves as basic data for managing staff operations, but is also thought to reassure workers through visualization.

An experimental approach to the monitoring of the relative orbital motions of closely operating geosynchronous satellites is presented. A radio-interferometer tracks two satellites so as to measure the differential pointing angles of the satellites, and this allows the relative motions of the satellites to be estimated on a real-time basis. Interferometer hardware and its common-error cancellation performance are described, and the real-time filtering of relative motions is discussed. Filtering results indicate that this approach can potentially monitor relative positions to a few hundred meters.

A development concept, an outline of mechanism and control system, and applications of a dynamic drum (DD) tracking system enabling noise-free variable speed playback for consumer VCRs are discussed. The DD system does not simply move the heads, but controls the entire drum to comprise a tracking method completely different from earlier systems. The lower drum is divided into tape sliding and lead sections, and the construction enable the relative inclination of the lead and head trace. During variable speed playback, so as to align the head trace with the recorded track, the overall drum inclination is precisely controlled.

The double-differential cross sections for the (208)Pb and (90)Zr(t,(3)He) reactions at 300 MeV/u have been measured at the RI Beam Factory at RIKEN. This was the first physics experiment with the SHARAQ magnetic spectrometer. The combined analysis of the present (t,(3)He) data and previous (n,p) data provides the clearest identification for the β(+) isovector spin monopole resonance both in the (208)Tl and (90)Y nuclei, and puts the observations of this giant resonance on a firm foundation. The measured distributions of the (t,(3)He) monopole cross sections were well reproduced by the distorted-wave Born approximation calculation, where the target transition density was calculated with the self-consistent Hartree-Fock plus random-phase approximation using the T43 Skyrme interaction. A major part of the expected β(+) isovector spin monopole strength was found in the measured cross section spectra.

The Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering has been investigated for the hexane-methanol system at several compositions near their consolute temperatures from one phase to two phases, and some thermodynamical properties such as a ratio of specific heats Cp/Cnu , a concentration-concentration fluctuation Scc(O), and the correlation length xi have been derived. The total scattering intensity and therefore Scc(O) diverge at the spinodal temperature for all samples. However, the critical index depends on the composition. This phenomenon has been analysed in terms of a modified Flory approximation, in which we have assumed that a repulsive term of the interaction varies with temperature. The consolute and spinodal temperatures were estimated. The Brillouin shift and corresponding sound velocity have no anomaly near these consolute temperatures.

The phase diagrams of binary solutions of C6H14—CH3OH and C6H12—CH3OH have been determined. The thermodynamic quantities of mixing, such as concentration-concentration fluctuation in the long wavelength limit, Scc (O, c, T), have been derived by using the treatment of Bhatia and March. The Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering has also been investigated for these solutions. Scc (O, c, T)'s obtained by Rayleigh-Brillouin experiments were in agreement with those obtained by thermodynamical treatment of the phase diagram. The Rayleigh peak intensity of C6H14—CH3OH system shows a weak position dependence from the interfacial boundary, in the case of the coexistence of two phases, while that of C6H12—CH3OH does not shown such an unusual behavior. These different behaviors are discussed in terms of the densities of the components.

For the determination of relative motion of two satellites located in close proximity in the geostationary orbit, a method of differential angle observation from a ground station is proposed. Observability of the relative orbital elements is proved, and the determination accuracy is analyzed on the basis of a linearized two-body orbital model. Experimental pseudodifferential angle observation indicates an accuracy of a few hundred meters for the determination of relative satellite position.

RESUMELe satellite japonais JERS-1 a ete lance avec succes le 11 fevrier 1992, a 1 h 50 heure universelle, du Centre spatial Tanegashima, le site de lancement japonais, situe sur une ile au sud du Japon, soit a 30° 24′ de latitude N. et a 130° 54′ de longitude E. Le satellite a ete lance par le dernier lanceur H-1 dans le but de faire l'observation globale de la surface terrestre a partir de deux capteurs majeurs: un capteur optique (OPS) et un radar a antenne synthetique (RAS) fonctionnant dans la bande L. Le systeme d'enregistrement des donnees MDR assurera la restitution des donnees acquises au-dessus de territoires non desservis par des stations de reception. Etant donne que le satellite JERS-1 est davantage oriente vers l'observation de caracteristiques reliees a la terre plutot qu'a l'ocean, les parametres du RAS ont ete etablis pour des observations terrestres et permettent de reduire les distorsions tant geometriques que radiometriques. A la suite du deploiement reussi de l'antenne du RAS le 8 avr...

The high‐resolution SHARAQ spectrometer and the dedicated high‐resolution beam‐line have been constructed at the RI beam factory and commissioned in 2009. Multi‐wire drift chambers placed in the beam‐line and cathode read‐out drift chambers placed at the SHARAQ focal plane worked well for heavy ion beams with Z=1–7 at 200–300 MeV/nucleon. By introducing a dispersion matched operation of the beam‐line, we have achieved a momentum resolution of δp/p = 1/8100 for a primary beam of 14N beam with a momentum spread of ±0.1%. Experiments by use of novel RI‐beam induced charge exchange reactions are planned.

We examined the effect of distance learning on nurses’ clinical skills in a rural Japanese hospital. The subject matter was respiratory rehabilitation. After one face-to-face session, two 30min sessions were delivered by videoconferencing to staff nurses working in a 100–bed rural hospital 250 miles (400 km) from Sapporo Medical University. A self-rating questionnaire was distributed before and after the sessions. Responses were collected from 15 out of 32 nurses participating in the face-to-face session (47%). Before the first videoconferencing session, ‘always use’ and ‘sometime use’ the new skills were rated by 67% of nurses, but after the second videoconferencing session ‘always use’ and ‘sometimes use’ were rated by 73% and ‘never use’ at 0%. This implies that there was increased use of new skills after the second session, although the difference was not significant. The nurses’ opinions about the effectiveness for patients increased from 8% to 27% after the second session, which was significant. The pilot project indicated the usefulness of distance learning for upgrading nurses’ clinical practice in one rural Japanese hospital and suggested ways in which videoconferencing can be used in future.

A new ranging system for geosynchronous satellites has been developed. In this system, the distance between geosynchronous satellite and ground station is measured by the correlation of "real" up-link and down-link satellite communication signal. Therefore, "special" ranging signal or modification of communication signal are not required. This "passive" ranging system enables the frequency band occupied by the ranging signal to be used for the communication service. (4 pages)

With the assumption that two satellites are placed in geostationary orbit at a small constant longitudinal separation, the feasibility of relative orbit determination by means of intersatellite tracking is studied analytically. Two types of tracking are examined: range-and-angle tracking and range-only tracking. Two-body orbital motion with first-order approximation of the relative orbital motion is assumed. The effect of solar radiation perturbation is evaluated numerically, and the study which neglects the perturbation is justified. The accuracy assessment of the relative orbit determination is given in general terms. >

A Web-based design and control system has been investigated for regional optical IP (Internet protocol) networks. The system can design lightpaths connecting nodes such that given traffic is groomed with minimum number of wavelengths, or give a reserve design with additional lightpaths to groom future traffic. Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (R-OADMs) were also investigated and manufactured. An experimental network with the R-OADMs was constructed, and the control function of the implemented system was examined by reconfiguring the lightpaths in the experimental network. The R-OADMs could be controlled and the lightpaths could be reconfigured successfully by the system.

Real time distributed education has been the focus of much research and experimentation. Recently, Internet technologies, especially those related to Web browsers, have been used to share course materials among remote sites. Real time Web page sharing provides various benefits such as low cost preparation of course materials, but it imposes various limitations on the user in an actual classroom environment. The paper describes our experience in building a distributed classroom system, based on our real time Web browser sharing technology, combined with a commercial video conferencing system, and explains how the unique features of our system could facilitate the effective use of shared Web pages in a classroom environment.

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) program is in progress, pushed ahead by NASA and NASDA, along with other related personnel. NASDA is mainly responsible for launching the TRMM observatory, for developing the precipitation radar (PR), and to process the data obtained. NASDA's data processing, presented in this paper, is mainly for the data of the TRMM PR that is a Japanese-developed rain instrument. the authors are developing the TRMM Data System at the NASDA/Earth Observation Center (EOC) that will be the core of the TRMM operation and data processing in Japan. The EOC TRMM Data System, as well as NASA system, will produce PR Level-1 (Radar received Power, Z-factor), Level-2 (surface /spl sigma/0, rain qualitative, rainfall rate profile), and Level-3 products (space- and time-averaged rainfall rate) in order. Another important role of NASDA/EOC is to plan and perform external calibration of the PR with ground measurement during the mission so that change of the PR performance can be monitored to compensate measured data. Users may obtain TRMM data products on-line or by media from NASDA/EOC, which would be of great use for the study of the global water and heat cycle and global climate.

The control of gate oxide thickness has been very important for device characteristic and reliabilities in MOS transistor. The precise control of oxide thickness becomes more and more important, with continuous shrinkage of device dimension. Tighten SPC limits that mean the precise control of oxide thickness, make tool availability decrease. Because extra test run is necessary for adjustments of process time. The decrease of machines uptime will be serious problem in near future. We show the schemes for improvement of oxide thickness variation in use of multiple regression analysis and so on. Fluctuation in atmospheric pressure and process temperature, are main factors of thickness variation from process to process. New oxidation control system is fabricated to take atmospheric pressure and process temperature into account. This new system can download some process data and atmospheric data during the process. Oxidation time for target thickness is calculated in use of these data. Oxidation time is controlled from calculation value from process to process. This new system realizes precise control of oxide thickness without doing any test run.

To investigate the complexity of epitopes presented on Echinococcus multilocularis (E.m.) metacestode carbohydrates, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) was generated and characterized. Thirty of the clones were obtained and classified into three types (types I to III) based on Western blotting (WB) and dot-ELISA. One MoAb (type I) appeared to react with one of the carbohydrate antigens (C-antigens) located at 30-35 kDa, and was the most effective diagnostic antigen for human alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) in Hokkaido, Japan. The second group (15 clones) of MoAb (type II) reacted with another C-antigen; one which also induced antibody response in AHD patients. The third group (14 clones) of MoAb (type III) reacted with other C-antigens both in ELISA and dot-ELISA, but did not react in WB. Cross-reaction to the antigens of Echinococcus granulosus was faintly observed in only the type I-MoAb by dot-ELISA. In the immunohistological studies, all of the MoAbs reacted strongly with the laminated layer though not with protoscoleces in metacestode tissue prepared from experimentally infected cotton rats. Tissue sections treated with sodium periodate lost their immunoreactivity, suggesting that these MoAbs recognized carbohydrate epitopes of the E.m. metacestode.

Female inbred cotton rats develop adenocarcinomas in the oxyntic mucosa. Since a female preponderance is typical for enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell tumors, we examined such tumors for ECL cells. Gastrin plays a decisive role in ECL cell tumorigenesis, so blood gastrin concentration and gastric mucosal pH were measured.The stomachs from six female cotton rats (6 to 8 months old) were studied histologically, and at euthanasia, gastric mucosal pH was determined. Euthanasia was performed on 15 other female cotton rats of similar age for determination of blood gastrin values by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gastric mucosal pH. Rats were classified macroscopically to have normal or thick oxyntic mucosa, with or without tumor.Among the six cotton rats studied histologically, two 6-month-old rats had normal and two others had thick gastric mucosa, whereas two 8-month-old rats had thick mucosa with tumors. The ECL cells were markedly hyperplastic in all rats with thick mucosa, and ECL cells were found in the neoplastic parenchyma. All cotton rats with normal-appearing gastric mucosa had pH2.5, whereas 14 rats with thick mucosa had pH3.1 and hypergastrinemia.Gastrin may play a major role in ECL cell hyperplasia and, perhaps, in adenocarcinoma genesis.

When N-alkylpyridinium derivatives were reduced with sodium borohydride-nickel (II) chloride reduction system, reductive cleavage occurred at the C-N bond in the pyridine ring of N-alkylpyridinium derivatives to give a small amount of reductive cleavage product along with the major perhydrogenated product. It was presumed in the previous report that this reductive cleavage in the pyridine ring proceeded through a complex of nickel ion and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives produced with NaBH4 alone reduction. The abundances of these reductive cleavage products arising from N-alkylpyridinium derivatives, i.e., paraquat, diquat and so on, are capable of giving a bad effect on the accuracy of gas chromatographic analysis. For the purpose of inhibition of the reductive cleavage in this reduction system, a suitable catalyst was examined. In addition, we pursued whether borane-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivative complexes arose from N-alkylpyridinium derivatives by NaBH4 alone reduction or not, and whether these borane-amine complexes were the precursors of reductive cleavage products or not. N-Alkyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives (III-I, IV-I, VI-I, VII-I and VIII-I) and the corresponding borane-amine complexes (III-II, IV-II, VI-II, VII-II and VIII-II) were synthesized by NaBH4 reduction in aqueous solution of N-alkylpyridinium salts, i.e. I, II, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium iodide (III), 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride (IV), 1,1'-diethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium dichloride (V), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (VI), 1-n-propylpyridinium iodide (VII) and 1-n-butylpyridinium iodide (VIII). The structure of the borane-amine complexes were proved by the Mass spectrometry and 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis. The NiCl2-NaBH4 reduction of the borane-amine complexes gave the perhydrogenated products alone, but not reductive cleavage products. In conclusion, it was recognized that the precursors of reductive cleavage products were not borane-amine complexes, but 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Furthermore, it was found the reductive cleavage at the C-N bond in the pyridine ring of these 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives was hindered by applying Amberlite-Ni2B, NaBH4 reduction system.

In a colony of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) consisting of 258 female and 283 male animals, 61 females and 2 males had a gastric mucosal lesion. This lesion developed in rats over 2 months of age, with a gradual increase in incidence thereafter. The lesion was grossly characterized by diffuse, often irregular thickening of the fundic mucosa, but the antrum was not affected. In 46% of the rats with this lesion, the serosal surface of the stomach was also involved. There was no evidence of disseminating or blood-borne metastasis. Histologically the mucosal thickening indicated a monotonous, diffuse proliferation of gastric glands with slight nuclear atypia, interpreted to be adenomatous hyperplasia. Invasion into submucosal, muscular, and subserosal layers by neoplastic cells with more atypia than the adenomatous hyperplasia was also noted and interpreted to be a tubular adenocarcinoma. In the adenocarcinoma lesions the infiltrating glands were surrounded by a desmoplastic reaction. In several of the adenocarcinoma lesions there were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells with distorted gland formation. Lesions were diagnosed by soft X-ray examination with barium, without the need for laparotomy. Because these combined data demonstrate the spontaneous occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma in the background of adenomatous hyperplasia, this cotton rat model can be used to examine, in minute detail, multistep carcinogenesis in the digestive tract.

5 cases of small-sized insulinoma of the pancreas were studied to evaluate the ability of diagnostic imaging techniques to determine tumor location. Techniques used were extracorporeal ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), angiography, percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization and CT. EUS was superior to the other modalities in diagnosing the location of insulinomas. We employed Color Doppler (CD) ultrasonography in one case and obtained color expression in the tumor and a pulsatile wave in the FFT analysis. Intraductal sonography of the pancreas (IDSP) was also performed in this case resulting peripheral echo-lucent, central echogenic mass. From these results, we expect that CD and IDSP will be useful in clinical application for diagnosing various tumors.

A 46-year-old-male was admitted to our hospital with an unresectable stage of gastric cancer of Borrmann type IV with carcinomatous peritonitis. He was treated only with tegafur 900 mg/day. After 2 months' treatment, computed tomography showed ascites disappeared and a remarkable improvement was observed by barium meal study and endoscopic examination. The patient has survived for 12 months without any abdominal complaints and ascites since the beginning of treatment. Thus, this is a rare case responding well to chemotherapy of tegafur only.

Antitumor effect of N-1554 (alpha-dihydrodecaprenyl phosphate containing eight trans internal isoprene residues) against B16-F10 melanoma in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice was examined. B16-F10 cells were inoculated into the footpad of mice and N-1554 was intraperitoneally administered after the inoculation. The drug significantly inhibited the tumor growth in the footpad and dramatically reduced the pulmonary metastasis from the tumor. The antitumor effect of N-1554 was almost abolished when the immunosuppressant carrageenan or anti-asialo GM1 antibody was administered to mice. In addition, pretreatment of host mice with N-1554 reduced the growth of subcutaneously inoculated B16-F10 melanoma. These results suggest that enhancement of host immune system may be involved in the antitumor effect of N-1554.

Reported is a leiomyosarcoma of jejunum that was found in a 61-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic because of an abdominal distension. A CT scan and an ultrasonic examination revealed a giant tumor with a central necrosis in the abdominal cavity. A study of barium that was ingested revealed an elevated lesion without a fistel formation in the jejunum about 25 cm distant from the Treitz ligament. An ultrasonic the guided percutaneous biopsy was done and pathological diagnosis indicated a leiomyosaroma. Surgery was performed on June 16 1989 and the tumor weighing 4,934 g and 30 x 25 x 18 cm in size, was completely resected.

A precise calibration method for range and angle observation has been developed for eliminating the systematic error of tracking systems, thus improving the accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellites. The principle of calibration is based on an orbit determination employing a point of optical angle observation in addition to radio tracking observation, in which we estimate observation bias parameters simultaneously with orbital elements, including the effects of geodetic mismodelings. As shown by an actual calibration experiment in our ground station, orbit determinations is sufficiently accurate that the error of predicting satellite range falls within a few meters at four days after the day of orbit determination.

家蚕の数種の卵色, 眼色突然変異並びに数種の野蚕, Drosophila などを試供して, これらの複眼及び卵の色素を抽出し蟻酸を溶媒として paper chromatography によつて識別し, 次の結果を得た.1. 家蚕正常型の卵, 複眼並びに野蚕の複眼には, 何れもRf値0.82, 0.76, 0.50にそれぞれ orange, red, purple の3色素が認められた. これらを再抽出して吸収曲線を比較し, 更に化学的性質を調べた結果から考えて, これらの卵の3色素はみな複眼中の3色素と同じものであることが判明し, これらの色素を仮に +chrome I, II及びIIIと命名した.2. 家蚕の各種眼色突然変異間のこれら3色素の異同についてみると, w1, w2は3色素を全く缺き, w3は+と異ならず, reは +chrome Iのみ+より多量に存在するがII, IIIを缺き, od, w3olでは3色素共に+より少い. 野蚕では天蚕, 柞蚕, ヒマ蚕, 〓蚕及び樟蚕等の何れに於ても3色素が認められた.3. 家蚕卵の漿液膜に於ては, w1は3色素を缺き, reは複眼と同様にIを有するのみでII, IIIが存在せず, od, スペイン (褐卵) は3色素共に少く, w2, w3, カンボージユ及び不越年卵の人工着色卵では +chrome Iに似た orange の色素を微量有する.4. これらの3色素の複眼, 卵の着色に件う形成順序は, +chrome Iが最初に形成され, 次第にII, IIIが後から形成されるが, その状態は卵, 複眼共に同じである.5. +chrome Iは450mμに吸収極大があり, Hydrosulfite で還元すると赤色の沈澱を生じ, H2O2で酸化すると黄色となり Drosophila のbrown pigment, Goodwin の所謂 insectrubin の酸化型と極めて類似する. +chrome IIは300～540mμの間で吸収極大が認められず, IIIは520mμに極大値があり, 何れも Hydrosulfite によつて不変でH2O2で酸化すると無色となる.6. 組織学的観察では, reの複眼の色素粒分布は+の化蛾数日前のそれに近似する. また正常型の卵漿液膜には紫褐色色素粒が密に分布するのに反して, reには赤色色素粒が密に分布する.7. 以上の事実から, これらの色素は 3-hydroxykynurenine から +chrome I, II及びIIIが形成れ, reはII或はIIIまたはその両者に至る酵素或は酵素類似物を缺除するのか, 或はその他の条件によつて, II, IIIの色素が形成されない突然変異であろうと考えられる.

This paper deals with the dynamic characteristics of Human body, that is, Human response in following step or sinusoidal input added to his body. We did the personality test as follows; (1) Transform the testee on the floor. (2) Shake the testee right-and-left or back-and-before. (3) Vibrate the testee up-and-down. (4) Decline the testee with bicycling style. And we measured the pursuit tracking at the near point of gravity of his body or another point. The aim of the tests is to put to use the reaults for no-man control of bicycling with robot. From these experiments, it was found that;(1) Balancing response of Human body is approximated to next formulas, that is, second order transfer function.(i) G(s)=B/s2+As+B(ii) G(s)=B/B/s2+As+B·e-TS(iii) G(s)=B/B/s2+As+B·(1-TS)(2) When the input freqwncy is lower than about 1.6c/s, the body tracks neary exactly with it, but higher than about 2.4c/s, the phase lag is exceeding.(3) Amplitude gain increases with input freqency for up-and-down vibration tests, but for right-and-left or back-and-before tests it degreeses with frequency, examply, about 10 to-40 dB.

An electron probe Auger emission microanalyzer has been constructed. The instrument is composed of an electromagnetic focussing primary probe column and a cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer. By using this instrument, Auger electron spectroscopy studies have been carried out in the modes of both emission microanalysis and emission micrograph. The feasibility o£ this method is investigated through its application to the study of iron surface.