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3. Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services

Author

Eldridge, David J., Cui, Haiying, Ding, Jingyi, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Duran, Jorge, Gaitan, Juan, Blanco-Pastor, José L., Rodríguez, Alexandra, Plaza, César, Alfaro, Fernando, Teixido, Alberto L., Abades, Sebastian, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Grebenc, Tine, Nahberger, Tine U., Illán, Javier G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Rey, Ana, Siebe, Christina, Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Wang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Published
2024
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13. The global contribution of soil mosses to ecosystem services

Author

Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Reich, Peter B., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Blanco-Pastor, José L., Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza, César, Ding, Jingyi, Sun, Wei, Mamet, Steven, Cui, Haiying, He, Ji-Zheng, Hu, Hang-Wei, Sokoya, Blessing, Abades, Sebastian, Alfaro, Fernando, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, Felipe, de los Ríos, Asunción, Durán, Jorge, Gaitan, Juan J., Guerra, Carlos A., Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Mallen-Cooper, Max, Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Moreno, José L., Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Picó, Sergio, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Juntao, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Zhou, Guiyao, Liu, Shengen, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Published
2023
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14. Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando, Abades, Sebastian, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, Felipe, Blanco-Pastor, José L., Duran, Jorge, Gaitan, Juan J., Illán, Javier G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Plaza, César

Published
2023
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15. Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Doetterl, Sebastian, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw [0000-0002-6986-7943], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Doetterl, Sebastian, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Aim Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation). Location We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents. Time Period 2016–2017. Major Taxa Studied Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants. Methods SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions. Results We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O-functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant-derived material promoting the C: O-functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes. Main Conclusions Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long-term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mecha

Published
2024

16. Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services

Author

Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Association for Science and Technology, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Programa de Investimento e Despesas de Desenvolvimento da Administração Central (Portugal), Slovenian Research Agency, Banaras Hindu University, Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Cui, Haiying [0000-0003-4993-2231], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Nahberger, Tina U. [0000-0001-9808-1643], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Eldridge, David J., Cui, Haiying, Ding, Jingyi, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Plaza de Carlos, César, Alfaro, Fernando D, Teixido, Alberto L., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Grebenc, Tine, Nahberger, Tina U., Illán, Javier, G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Rey, Ana, Siebe, Christina, Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Jianyong, Wang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Fundación BBVA, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Association for Science and Technology, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Programa de Investimento e Despesas de Desenvolvimento da Administração Central (Portugal), Slovenian Research Agency, Banaras Hindu University, Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Cui, Haiying [0000-0003-4993-2231], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Nahberger, Tina U. [0000-0001-9808-1643], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Eldridge, David J., Cui, Haiying, Ding, Jingyi, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Plaza de Carlos, César, Alfaro, Fernando D, Teixido, Alberto L., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Grebenc, Tine, Nahberger, Tina U., Illán, Javier, G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Rey, Ana, Siebe, Christina, Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Jianyong, Wang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Greenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.

Published
2024

17. Dominance of particulate organic carbon in top mineral soils in cold regions

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Comunidad de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Benavente Ferraces, Iria [0000-0002-2817-5537], Celis, Miguel de [0000-0002-3653-3031], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Gil, Juan C. [0000-0003-2308-7260], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier [0000-0002-3428-2304], Mueller, Carsten W. [0000-0003-4119-0544], Panettieri, Marco [0000-0003-4769-8955], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Schuur, Edward A. G. [0000-0002-1096-2436], Sokol, Noah [0000-0003-0239-1976], Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Celis, Miguel de, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Gil, Juan C., Gaitán, Juan J., Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier, Mueller, Carsten W., Panettieri, Marco, Rey, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Schuur, Edward A. G., Sokol, Noah, Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza de Carlos, César, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Comunidad de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Benavente Ferraces, Iria [0000-0002-2817-5537], Celis, Miguel de [0000-0002-3653-3031], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Gil, Juan C. [0000-0003-2308-7260], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier [0000-0002-3428-2304], Mueller, Carsten W. [0000-0003-4119-0544], Panettieri, Marco [0000-0003-4769-8955], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Schuur, Edward A. G. [0000-0002-1096-2436], Sokol, Noah [0000-0003-0239-1976], Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Celis, Miguel de, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Gil, Juan C., Gaitán, Juan J., Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier, Mueller, Carsten W., Panettieri, Marco, Rey, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Schuur, Edward A. G., Sokol, Noah, Tedersoo, Leho, and Plaza de Carlos, César

Abstract

The largest stocks of soil organic carbon can be found in cold regions such as Arctic, subarctic and alpine biomes, which are warming faster than the global average. Discriminating between particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon can constrain the uncertainty of projected changes in global soil organic carbon stocks. Yet carbon fractions are not considered when assessing the contribution of cold regions to land carbon–climate feedbacks. Here we synthesize field paired observations of particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in the mineral layer, along with experimental warming data, to investigate whether the particulate fraction dominates in cold regions and whether this relates to higher soil organic carbon losses with warming than in other (milder) biomes. We show that soil organic carbon in the first 30 cm of mineral soil is dominated or co-dominated by particulate carbon in both permafrost and non-permafrost soils, and in Arctic and alpine ecosystems but not in subarctic environments. Our findings indicate that soil organic carbon is most vulnerable to warming in cold regions compared with milder biomes, with this vulnerability mediated by higher warming-induced losses of particulate carbon. The massive soil carbon accumulation in cold regions appears distributed predominantly in the more vulnerable particulate fraction rather than in the more persistent mineral-associated fraction, supporting the likelihood of a strong, positive land carbon–climate feedback.

Published
2024

18. Cyanobacterial and moss biocrusts shape soil nematode community in dryland mountain ecosystems with increasing aridity

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningxia University, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Xiao, Bo [0000-0002-9544-4207], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Wang, Yanfeng, Xiao, Bo, Wang, Wanfu, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningxia University, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Xiao, Bo [0000-0002-9544-4207], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Wang, Yanfeng, Xiao, Bo, Wang, Wanfu, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth and play critical roles in regulating numerous ecosystem processes, from enhancing primary productivity to mineralizing multiple nutrients. In dryland soils, a rich community of microphyte organisms (biocrusts) provide critical habitats for soil nematodes, but their presence is being threatened by increasing aridity induced by global climate change. Despite its importance, how types of biocrusts and aridity index influence soil nematode community in dryland mountain ecosystems remains largely unknown. To fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted a field survey with contrasting aridity indexes (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) and three types of biocrusts (cyanobacterial, cyanobacterial-moss mixed, and moss crusts) in the topsoil (0–5 cm) from the northern Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that the abundance (number of individuals per gram of soil), richness (number of Operational Taxonomic Units; OTUs), and diversity (number of different species) of soil nematodes were remarkably higher under biocrusts than in bare soils, regardless of aridity index and types of biocrusts. Our results also showed that the same variables had the highest values in moss crusts compared to cyanobacterial and cyanobacterial-moss mixed crusts. Structural equation modelling further revealed that biocrust types and traits (i.e., biocrust thickness, chlorophyll content, shear force, and penetration resistance) are the most important factors associated with both nematode abundance and richness. Together, our findings indicate that biocrusts, especially moss cover, and less stressful aridity conditions favor soil nematodes community in dryland mountain regions. Such knowledge is critical for anticipating the distribution of these animals under climate change scenarios and, ultimately, the numerous ecosystem services supported by soil nematodes.

Published
2024

19. Aboveground and belowground biodiversity have complementary effects on ecosystem functions across global grasslands

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Martins, Catarina S.C., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Jayaramaiah, Ramesha H., Tao, Dongxue, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Hongwei, Maestre, Fernando T., Reich, Peter B., Singh, Brajesh K., Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Martins, Catarina S.C., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Jayaramaiah, Ramesha H., Tao, Dongxue, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Hongwei, Maestre, Fernando T., Reich, Peter B., and Singh, Brajesh K.

Abstract

Grasslands are integral to maintaining biodiversity and key ecosystem services and are under threat from climate change. Plant and soil microbial diversity, and their interactions, support the provision of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, it remains virtually unknown whether plant and soil microbial diversity explain a unique portion of total variation or shared contributions to supporting multifunctionality across global grasslands. Here, we combine results from a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm study, controlling for both plant and soil microbial diversity to identify their individual and interactive contribution to support multifunctionality under aridity and experimental drought. We found that plant and soil microbial diversity independently predict a unique portion of total variation in above- and belowground functioning, suggesting that both types of biodiversity complement each other. Interactions between plant and soil microbial diversity positively impacted multifunctionality including primary production and nutrient storage. Our findings were also climate context dependent, since soil fungal diversity was positively associated with multifunctionality in less arid regions, while plant diversity was strongly and positively linked to multifunctionality in more arid regions. Our results highlight the need to conserve both above- and belowground diversity to sustain grassland multifunctionality in a drier world and indicate climate change may shift the relative contribution of plant and soil biodiversity to multifunctionality across global grasslands.

Published
2024

20. Increasing numbers of global change stressors reduce soil carbon worldwide

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Gallardo Correa, Antonio, Plaza, César, García-Palacios, Pablo, Guirado, Emilio, Zhou, Guiyao, Mueller, Carsten W., Tedersoo, Leho, Crowther, Thomas W., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Gallardo Correa, Antonio, Plaza, César, García-Palacios, Pablo, Guirado, Emilio, Zhou, Guiyao, Mueller, Carsten W., Tedersoo, Leho, Crowther, Thomas W., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soils support a vast amount of carbon (C) that is vulnerable to climatic and anthropogenic global change stressors (for example, drought and human-induced nitrogen deposition). However, the simultaneous effects of an increasing number of global change stressors on soil C storage and persistence across ecosystems are virtually unknown. Here, using 1,880 surface soil samples from 68 countries across all continents, we show that increases in the number of global change stressors simultaneously exceeding medium–high levels of stress (that is, relative to their maximum levels observed in nature) are negatively and significantly correlated with soil C stocks and mineral association across global biomes. Soil C is particularly vulnerable in low-productivity ecosystems (for example, deserts), which are subjected to a greater number of global change stressors exceeding medium–high levels of stress simultaneously. Taken together, our work indicates that the number of global change stressors is a crucial factor for soil C storage and persistence worldwide.

Published
2024

21. The soil microbiome governs the response of microbial respiration to warming across the globe

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, German Research Foundation, Centre for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (Denmark), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Cano-Díaz, Concha [0000-0001-6948-6553], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza de Carlos, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun-Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo, Antonio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Universidad de Alicante, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, German Research Foundation, Centre for Sustainable Agrifood Systems (Denmark), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Cano-Díaz, Concha [0000-0001-6948-6553], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Gallardo, Antonio [0000-0002-2674-4265], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza de Carlos, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun-Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo, Antonio, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

The sensitivity of soil microbial respiration to warming (Q10) remains a major source of uncertainty surrounding the projections of soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere as the factors driving Q10 patterns across ecosystems have been assessed in isolation from each other. Here we report the results of a warming experiment using soils from 332 sites across all continents and major biomes to simultaneously evaluate the main drivers of global Q10 patterns. Compared with biochemical recalcitrance, mineral protection, substrate quantity and environmental factors, the soil microbiome (that is, microbial biomass and bacterial taxa) explained the largest portion of variation in Q10 values. Our work provides solid evidence that soil microbiomes largely govern the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to warming and thus need to be explicitly accounted for when assessing land carbon–climate feedbacks.

Published
2023

22. New microbial tools to boost restoration and soil organic matter

Author

Australian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Egidi, E. [0000-0002-1211-2355], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Egidi, E., Singh, Brajesh K., Australian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Egidi, E. [0000-0002-1211-2355], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Egidi, E., and Singh, Brajesh K.

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities are causing unprecedented rates of soil and ecosystem degradation, and the current restoration practices take decades and are prone to high rates of failure. Here we propose, the development and application of emerging microbiome tools that can potentially improve the contents and diversity of soil organic matters, enhancing the efficacy and consistency of restoration outcomes.

Published
2023

23. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Feng, Youzhi [0000-0002-8519-841X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Coleine, Claudia [0000-0002-9289-6179], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Velázquez, Laura [0000-0003-3290-7531], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhang, Jianwei, Feng, Youzhi, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Wang, Jun-Tao, Coleine, Claudia, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Velázquez, Laura, Singh, Brajesh K., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Feng, Youzhi [0000-0002-8519-841X], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Coleine, Claudia [0000-0002-9289-6179], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], García-Velázquez, Laura [0000-0003-3290-7531], Singh, Brajesh K. [0000-0003-4413-4185], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhang, Jianwei, Feng, Youzhi, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Wang, Jun-Tao, Coleine, Claudia, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Velázquez, Laura, Singh, Brajesh K., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soils support an immense portion of Earth’s biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant–microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.

Published
2023

24. The global contribution of soil mosses to ecosystem services

Author

British Ecological Society, Hermon Slade Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Slovenian Research Agency, National Science Foundation (US), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), European Commission, Programa de Investimento e Despesas de Desenvolvimento da Administração Central (Portugal), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Reich, Peter B. [0000-0003-4424-662X], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Mamet, Steven [0000-0002-3510-3814, Cui, Haiying [0000-0003-4993-2231], He, Ji-Zheng [0000-0002-9169-8058], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Ríos, Asunción de los [0000-0002-0266-3516], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Molina-Montenegro, Marco A. [0000-0001-6801-8942], Moreno, José Luis [0000-0002-6063-7156], Nahberger, Tina U. [0000-0001-9808-1643], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Picó, Sergio [0000-0002-4016-4670], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Torres-Díaz, Cristian [0000-0002-5741-5288], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Yang, Tianxue [0000-0002-0305-6873], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Liu, Shengen [0000-0002-4730-5202], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Reich, Peter B., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza de Carlos, César, Ding, Jingyi, Sun, Wei, Mamet, Steven, Cui, Haiying, He, Ji-Zheng, Hu, Hang-Wei, Sokoya, Blessing, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D., Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Ríos, Asunción de los, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Guerra, Carlos A., Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier, G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Mallen-Cooper, Max, Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Moreno-Ortego, Jose Luis, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Picó, Sergio, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Jun-Tao, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Zhou, Guiyao, Liu, Shengen, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, British Ecological Society, Hermon Slade Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Slovenian Research Agency, National Science Foundation (US), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), European Commission, Programa de Investimento e Despesas de Desenvolvimento da Administração Central (Portugal), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], Reich, Peter B. [0000-0003-4424-662X], Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl [0000-0002-1839-6926], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Tedersoo, Leho [0000-0002-1635-1249], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Mamet, Steven [0000-0002-3510-3814, Cui, Haiying [0000-0003-4993-2231], He, Ji-Zheng [0000-0002-9169-8058], Hu, Hang-Wei [0000-0002-3294-102X], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Ríos, Asunción de los [0000-0002-0266-3516], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Guerra, Carlos A. [0000-0003-4917-2105], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Molina-Montenegro, Marco A. [0000-0001-6801-8942], Moreno, José Luis [0000-0002-6063-7156], Nahberger, Tina U. [0000-0001-9808-1643], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Picó, Sergio [0000-0002-4016-4670], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Torres-Díaz, Cristian [0000-0002-5741-5288], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Wang, Jun-Tao [0000-0002-1822-2176], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Yang, Tianxue [0000-0002-0305-6873], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Liu, Shengen [0000-0002-4730-5202], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Reich, Peter B., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza de Carlos, César, Ding, Jingyi, Sun, Wei, Mamet, Steven, Cui, Haiying, He, Ji-Zheng, Hu, Hang-Wei, Sokoya, Blessing, Abades, Sebastián, Alfaro, Fernando D., Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Ríos, Asunción de los, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Guerra, Carlos A., Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier, G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Mallen-Cooper, Max, Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Moreno-Ortego, Jose Luis, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Picó, Sergio, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Jun-Tao, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Zhou, Guiyao, Liu, Shengen, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soil mosses are among the most widely distributed organisms on land. Experiments and observations suggest that they contribute to terrestrial soil biodiversity and function, yet their ecological contribution to soil has never been assessed globally under natural conditions. Here we conducted the most comprehensive global standardized field study to quantify how soil mosses influence 8 ecosystem services associated with 24 soil biodiversity and functional attributes across wide environmental gradients from all continents. We found that soil mosses are associated with greater carbon sequestration, pool sizes for key nutrients and organic matter decomposition rates but a lower proportion of soil-borne plant pathogens than unvegetated soils. Mosses are especially important for supporting multiple ecosystem services where vascular-plant cover is low. Globally, soil mosses potentially support 6.43 Gt more carbon in the soil layer than do bare soils. The amount of soil carbon associated with mosses is up to six times the annual global carbon emissions from any altered land use globally. The largest positive contribution of mosses to soils occurs under a high cover of mat and turf mosses, in less-productive ecosystems and on sandy and salty soils. Our results highlight the contribution of mosses to soil life and functions and the need to conserve these important organisms to support healthy soils.

Published
2023

25. Biogenic factors explain soil carbon in paired urban and natural ecosystems worldwide

Author

Fundación BBVA, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Banaras Hindu University, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar [0000-0003-0198-3726], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Plaza de Carlos, César, Fundación BBVA, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Hermon Slade Foundation, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Banaras Hindu University, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], García-Palacios, Pablo [0000-0002-6367-4761], Bradford, Mark A. [0000-0002-2022-8331], Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo [0000-0001-9539-4716], Liu, Yu-Rong [0000-0003-1112-4255], Alfaro, Fernando D. [0000-0003-2922-1838], Abades, Sebastián [0000-0001-5704-4037], Bastida, F. [0000-0001-9958-7099], Durán, Jorge [0000-0002-7375-5290], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Blanco-Pastor, José Luis [0000-0002-7708-1342], Grebenc, Tine [0000-0003-4035-8587], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar [0000-0003-0198-3726], Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F. [0000-0001-7085-9521], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra [0000-0001-5849-8778], Siebe, Christina [0000-0002-2636-6778], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Sun, Wei [0000-0002-1601-2159], Trivedi, Pankaj [0000-0003-0173-2804], Verma, Jay Prakash [0000-0002-2643-9623], Wang, Jianyong [0000-0002-9863-0056], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Plaza de Carlos, César

Abstract

Urban greenspaces support multiple nature-based services, many of which depend on the amount of soil carbon (C). Yet, the environmental drivers of soil C and its sensitivity to warming are still poorly understood globally. Here we use soil samples from 56 paired urban greenspaces and natural ecosystems worldwide and combine soil C concentration and size fractionation measures with metagenomics and warming incubations. We show that surface soils in urban and natural ecosystems sustain similar C concentrations that follow comparable negative relationships with temperature. Plant productivity’s contribution to explaining soil C was higher in natural ecosystems, while in urban ecosystems, the soil microbial biomass had the greatest explanatory power. Moreover, the soil microbiome supported a faster C mineralization rate with experimental warming in urban greenspaces compared with natural ecosystems. Consequently, urban management strategies should consider the soil microbiome to maintain soil C and related ecosystem services.

Published
2023

26. Aboveground and belowground biodiversity have complementary effects on ecosystem functions across global grasslands.

Author

Martins, Catarina S. C., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Jayaramaiah, Ramesha H., Tao, Dongxue, Wang, Jun-Tao, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Hongwei, Maestre, Fernando T., Reich, Peter B., and Singh, Brajesh K.

Subjects
MICROBIAL diversity, PLANT diversity, PLANT-soil relationships, ARID regions, SOIL biodiversity
Abstract

Grasslands are integral to maintaining biodiversity and key ecosystem services and are under threat from climate change. Plant and soil microbial diversity, and their interactions, support the provision of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, it remains virtually unknown whether plant and soil microbial diversity explain a unique portion of total variation or shared contributions to supporting multifunctionality across global grasslands. Here, we combine results from a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm study, controlling for both plant and soil microbial diversity to identify their individual and interactive contribution to support multifunctionality under aridity and experimental drought. We found that plant and soil microbial diversity independently predict a unique portion of total variation in above- and belowground functioning, suggesting that both types of biodiversity complement each other. Interactions between plant and soil microbial diversity positively impacted multifunctionality including primary production and nutrient storage. Our findings were also climate context dependent, since soil fungal diversity was positively associated with multifunctionality in less arid regions, while plant diversity was strongly and positively linked to multifunctionality in more arid regions. Our results highlight the need to conserve both above- and belowground diversity to sustain grassland multifunctionality in a drier world and indicate climate change may shift the relative contribution of plant and soil biodiversity to multifunctionality across global grasslands. Grasslands are integral to maintaining biodiversity and key ecosystem services under climate change. This study combines a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm experiment to show that plant and soil microbial diversity independently predict a unique portion of variation in above- and below-ground functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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29. The global contribution of soil mosses to ecosystem services

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Reich, Peter B., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Blanco-Pastor, José L., Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza, César, Ding, Jingyi, Sun, Wei, Mamet, Steven, Cui, Haiying, He, Ji-Zheng, Hu, Hang-Wei, Sokoya, Blessing, Abades, Sebastian, Alfaro, Fernando, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, Felipe, Ríos Murillo, Asunción de los, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Guerra, Carlos A., Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Mallen-Cooper, Max, Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Moreno, José L., Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Picó, Sergio, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Zhou, Guiyao, Liu, Shengen, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Eldridge, David J., Guirado, Emilio, Reich, Peter B., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Blanco-Pastor, José L., Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza, César, Ding, Jingyi, Sun, Wei, Mamet, Steven, Cui, Haiying, He, Ji-Zheng, Hu, Hang-Wei, Sokoya, Blessing, Abades, Sebastian, Alfaro, Fernando, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, Felipe, Ríos Murillo, Asunción de los, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Guerra, Carlos A., Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier G., Liu, Yu-Rong, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Mallen-Cooper, Max, Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Moreno, José L., Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Picó, Sergio, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Trivedi, Pankaj, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Zhou, Guiyao, Liu, Shengen, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soil mosses are among the most widely distributed organisms on land. Experiments and observations suggest that they contribute to terrestrial soil biodiversity and function, yet their ecological contribution to soil has never been assessed globally under natural conditions. Here we conducted the most comprehensive global standardized field study to quantify how soil mosses influence 8 ecosystem services associated with 24 soil biodiversity and functional attributes across wide environmental gradients from all continents. We found that soil mosses are associated with greater carbon sequestration, pool sizes for key nutrients and organic matter decomposition rates but a lower proportion of soil-borne plant pathogens than unvegetated soils. Mosses are especially important for supporting multiple ecosystem services where vascular-plant cover is low. Globally, soil mosses potentially support 6.43 Gt more carbon in the soil layer than do bare soils. The amount of soil carbon associated with mosses is up to six times the annual global carbon emissions from any altered land use globally. The largest positive contribution of mosses to soils occurs under a high cover of mat and turf mosses, in less-productive ecosystems and on sandy and salty soils. Our results highlight the contribution of mosses to soil life and functions and the need to conserve these important organisms to support healthy soils.

Published
2023

30. The soil microbiome governs the response of microbial respiration to warming across the globe

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun‐Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo Correa, Antonio, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Palacios, Pablo, Maestre, Fernando T., Plaza, César, Guirado, Emilio, Singh, Brajesh K., Wang, Jun‐Tao, Cano-Díaz, Concha, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gallardo Correa, Antonio, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

The sensitivity of soil microbial respiration to warming (Q10) remains a major source of uncertainty surrounding the projections of soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere as the factors driving Q10 patterns across ecosystems have been assessed in isolation from each other. Here we report the results of a warming experiment using soils from 332 sites across all continents and major biomes to simultaneously evaluate the main drivers of global Q10 patterns. Compared with biochemical recalcitrance, mineral protection, substrate quantity and environmental factors, the soil microbiome (that is, microbial biomass and bacterial taxa) explained the largest portion of variation in Q10 values. Our work provides solid evidence that soil microbiomes largely govern the responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to warming and thus need to be explicitly accounted for when assessing land carbon–climate feedbacks.

Published
2023

31. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Zhang, Jianwei, Feng, Youzhi, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Coleine, Claudia, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Velázquez, Laura, Singh, Brajesh K., Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Zhang, Jianwei, Feng, Youzhi, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Wang, Jun‐Tao, Coleine, Claudia, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Velázquez, Laura, Singh, Brajesh K., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Soils support an immense portion of Earth’s biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant–microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet.

Published
2023

32. Climate and land use influence on nitrogen availability across Andalusia

Author

Medrano González, Luna, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Castejón, Samuel, López Velasco, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Bastida, F., Jiménez-Rodríguez, Antonia, Medrano González, Luna, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Castejón, Samuel, López Velasco, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Bastida, F., and Jiménez-Rodríguez, Antonia

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. Soil N availability is currently being altered by climate change and soil degradation, challenging our capacity to support food production and ecosystem sustainability. Here, we evaluated how climate and land uses interact to explain N availability in two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) across wide environmental gradients in Andalusia, one of the most heterogeneous regions of Spain. We found that Andalusia has wide ranges of N availability associated with regional environmental factors and related to the very different environments that exist in this region. Our results are critical to manage nitrogen availability in the most populated region of Spain, and should be considered in policies to face climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems

Published
2023

33. Delgado-Baquerizo et al. 2023

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Plaza de Carlos, César, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Eldridge, David J., Berdugo, Miguel, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Liu, Yu-Rong, Alfaro, Fernando D., Abades, Sebastián, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Bastida, F., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, Durán, Jorge, Gaitán, Juan J., Illán, Javier, G., Grebenc, Tine, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Rey, Ana, Rodríguez-Pereiras, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Sun, Wei, Trivedi, Pankaj, Verma, Jay Prakash, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Yang, Tianxue, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Zhou, Xin-Quan, and Plaza de Carlos, César

Published
2023

34. The particulate organic fraction dominates soil carbon in the mineral layer of cold ecosystems

Author

García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Celis, Miguel de, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Gil, Juan C., Gaitán, Juan J., Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier, Mueller, Panettieri, Marco, Rey, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Schuur, Edward A. G., Sokol, Noah, Tedersoo, Leho, Plaza de Carlos, César, García-Palacios, Pablo, Bradford, Mark A., Benavente-Ferraces, Iria, Celis, Miguel de, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, García-Gil, Juan C., Gaitán, Juan J., Goñi-Urtiaga, Asier, Mueller, Panettieri, Marco, Rey, Ana, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Schuur, Edward A. G., Sokol, Noah, Tedersoo, Leho, and Plaza de Carlos, César

Abstract

Discriminating between soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated (MAOC) can constrain the uncertainty of global SOC estimates. Despite that a massive amount of the global SOC stock is stored in cold regions such as arctic, subarctic and alpine biomes, and that these regions are warming faster than the global average, how C is distributed among fractions is not considered when assessing the contribution of cold regions to global land C-climate feedbacks. Here we combined field observations of POC and MAOC fractions in the mineral layer with experimental warming, to investigate whether SOC in cold regions is predominantly stored in the POC fraction, and whether this relates to higher SOC losses with warming than in milder biomes. We show that SOC in surface mineral soils (0 to 30 cm) is largely dominated by the POC fraction in both permafrost and non-permafrost soils, and in arctic and alpine ecosystems but not in subarctic environments. The experimental findings indicate that SOC is more vulnerable to warming in cold ecosystems compared to milder biomes, as mediated by higher warming-induced POC losses, which agrees with the previous pattern of POC dominance. Our comprehensive analysis suggests that the massive SOC accumulation in cold ecosystems is not only warming faster that the global average, but predominantly stored in the POC fraction, the fraction most vulnerable to anthropogenic climate warming.

Published
2023

35. Atlas mundial de los principales factores que controlan el carbono del suelo en un contexto de cambio climático.

Author

Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Gallardo, Antonio, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Gallardo, Antonio, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), British Ecological Society, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, and Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo

Abstract

El carbono (C) es un componente esencial de la matriz del suelo que juega una función vital en múltiples servicios ecosistémicos, desde la regulación climática hasta proporcionar suelos fértiles que permitan la seguridad alimentaria. Sin embargo, el cambio climático y la gestión inadecuada del manejo del suelo están provocando pérdidas aceleradas del C almacenado en los suelos de los ecosistemas terrestres, con repercusiones importantes en el clima de la Tierra. A pesar de su importancia, en la actualidad tenemos un conocimiento escaso sobre los factores que controlan los distintos componentes que forman el C almacenado en el suelo y que están asociados con su persistencia en un contexto de cambio climático (protección mineral, diversidad de la materia orgánica [SOM], recalcitrancia bioquímica y respiración heterótrofa de los microbios del suelo). En esta tesis, se investigaron los principales factores que influyen en la acumulación de C a nivel global, mediante la utilización de suelos provenientes de varios muestreos estandarizados en todos los biomas terrestres. En primer lugar, nuestros resultados mostraron una menor diversidad de la SOM como consecuencia de la acumulación de restos vegetales después de millones de años de formación ecosistémica. Las correlaciones positivas entre la diversidad de la SOM y contenido de C en el suelo sugieren que el desarrollo de suelos milenarios más simples podría estar asociado con las pérdidas típicamente observadas de las funciones ecosistémicas (incluida la acumulación de C en el suelo) durante la retrogresión. En este contexto, el desarrollo de las comunidades vegetales es determinado por las condiciones climáticas. Nuestro segundo capítulo reveló que, independientemente del contenido de nutrientes en la capa superficial del suelo, el reservorio de la biomasa vegetal es mayor cuando las condiciones de temperatura y precipitación permiten el crecimiento de las plantas. Por otra parte, frente a los bien establecidos mecanismo

Published
2023

36. Plant footprint decreases the functional diversity of molecules in topsoil organic matter after millions of years of ecosystem development.

Author

Sáez‐Sandino, Tadeo, Gallardo, Antonio, Eldridge, David J., Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, Doetterl, Sebastian, and Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel

Subjects
*MID-infrared spectroscopy, *CONTINENTS, *SOIL chronosequences, *REFLECTANCE spectroscopy, *TOPSOIL, *NATURAL history
Abstract

Aim: Theory suggests that the diversity of molecules in soil organic matter (SOM functional diversity) provides key insights on multiple ecosystem services. We aimed to investigate how and why SOM functional diversity and composition change as topsoils develop, and its implications for key soil functions (e.g., from nutrient pool to water regulation). Location: We reported data on 16 soil chronosequences globally distributed in nine countries from six continents. Time Period: 2016–2017. Major Taxa Studied: Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) and vascular plants. Methods: SOM functional diversity and composition without mineral interference were measured using diffuse reflectance mid‐infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). We aimed to characterize the main environmental factors related to SOM functional diversity and composition. Also, we calculated the links among SOM functional diversity and key soil functions. Results: We found that SOM functional diversity declines after millions of years of soil formation (pedogenesis). We further showed that increases in plant cover and productivity led to a higher ratio of reduced (e.g., alkanes) over oxidized carbon forms (i.e., C: O‐functional groups ratio), which was positively correlated to SOM functional diversity as soils age. Our findings indicated that the plant footprint (i.e., the accumulation of plant‐derived material promoting the C: O‐functional group ratio) would explain the reduction of SOM functional diversity as ecosystems develop. Moreover, the dissimilarity in SOM composition consistently increased with soil age, with the soil development stage emerging as the main predictor of SOM dissimilarity across contrasting biomes. Main Conclusions: Our global survey contextualized the natural history of SOM functional diversity and composition during long‐term soil development. Together, we showed how plant footprint drives the losses of SOM functional diversity with increasing age, which might provide a novel mechanism to explain typically reported losses in ecosystem functions during ecosystem retrogression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Water availability creates global thresholds in multidimensional soil biodiversity and functions

Author

Jianwei Zhang, Youzhi Feng, Fernando T. Maestre, Miguel Berdugo, Juntao Wang, Claudia Coleine, Tadeo Sáez-Sandino, Laura García-Velázquez, Brajesh K. Singh, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Feng, Youzhi, Maestre, Fernando T., Berdugo, Miguel, Wang, Jun-Tao, Coleine, Claudia, Sáez-Sandino, Tadeo, García-Velázquez, Laura, Singh, Brajesh K., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Subjects
Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

21 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 75 referencias.- Additional information Extended data is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3 .- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02071-3, Soils support an immense portion of Earth’s biodiversity and maintain multiple ecosystem functions which are essential for human well-being. Environmental thresholds are known to govern global vegetation patterns, but it is still unknown whether they can be used to predict the distribution of soil organisms and functions across global biomes. Using a global field survey of 383 sites across contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions, here we showed that soil biodiversity and functions exhibited pervasive nonlinear patterns worldwide and are mainly governed by water availability (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration). Changes in water availability resulted in drastic shifts in soil biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists and invertebrates) and soil functions including plant–microbe interactions, plant productivity, soil biogeochemical cycles and soil carbon sequestration. Our findings highlight that crossing specific water availability thresholds can have critical consequences for the provision of essential ecosystem services needed to sustain our planet., Y.F. is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177297) and CAS Strategic Priority Research Program (XDA28010302). M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático ‘01—Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación’) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). F.T.M. is supported by Generalitat Valenciana grant CIDEGENT/2018/041 and the Horizon Europe programme of the European Union (SOILGUARD, grant agreement no. 101000371). M.B. acknowledges funding from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (no. RYC2021-031797-I). C.C. is supported by the European Commission under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 702057 (DRYLIFE). The survey of dryland areas was supported by the European Research Council (BIODESERT project, grant agreement no. 647038).

Published
2023

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