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Introduction. The generation of agricultural waste, in particular from plantain fruit, have been increasing. Its accumulation and poor valorization limits the environmental, economic and social development of communities. The main goal of this work was to characterize physicochemically and functionally the flour obtained from rejected DominicoHartón pulp (Musa AAB Simmonds). As well as to evaluate the production of a prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharides syrup from this waste feedstock. Methodology. Moisture, total protein, ethereal extract and ash contents of the raw flour were determined applying AOAC methods. Thermal properties of the raw flour were determined through rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The functionality and kinetics hydrolysis of the raw and cooked flour was evaluated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion using the INFOGEST protocol. The production of isomaltooligosaccharides was made from plantain flour solution 18% (p/p) that was treated with thermostable -amylase at 95 ºC for 3 h. Starch dextrins were then treated with -amylase (barley) and pullulanase at 50 ºC for 24 h. Finally, the syrup was treated with -glucosidase (transglucosidase) at 50 ºC for 24 h. Saccharides were analyzed by HPLC. Results. Moisture, total protein, ethereal extract and ash contents determined for the flour were 9.8±0.5%, 2.83±0.01%, 0.46±0.03% and 2.15±0.02%, respectively. Starch and amylose content was 87±2% and 31.2 ± 0.8%, respectively. The pasting temperature, gelatinization temperature, gelatinization enthalpy, mass loss at the first decomposition stage and mass loss at the second decomposition stage were 79.26±0.02 ºC, 69.9±0.24 ºC, 2.48±0.04 J×g-1, 10.79±0.04% and 59.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. When cooked, the starch content changed for rapid (0.5±0.1 to 2.4±0.3), slow (15.6±1.2 to 32±1) and resistant digestion (59±1 to 48±2). The glycemic index predicted for raw and cooked flour was 47.7±2.2 and 84.2±1.8, respectively. The greatest amount of production of isomaltooligosaccharides was of degree of polymerization (DP) 3 (isomaltotriose) at 6 h of transglycosylation step, in a content of 25.75 g/L. Conclusions. The rejected plantain fruit showed potential as a prebiotic source, which may be a good strategy for the valorization of this waste., This work was supported by the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Minciencias) through the research project “Design of a Biorefinery for the Use of the Lignocellulosic and Starchy Waste of the Plantain Agribusiness” (Call 757 for Funding of National Doctorates) [grant 1640318]; and the Universidad de Caldas through the research project “Basic Process Development for the Use of Agro– industrial and Urban Waste Under the Concept of Biorefineries” [grant 0240518]. The study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE–01–0145– FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte 2020– Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and the Project ColOsH PTDC/BTM–SAL/30071/2017 (POCI– 01–0145–FEDER–030071)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Sustainable processes are required to decrease the environmental and economic impact of residues and wastes. Therefore, the agro-industrial waste upcycling, as substitutes of substrate, is of paramount relevance. In this work, the nutritional value of silage from fresh residues of plantain agroindustry was evaluated by process simulation, as an alternative of dairy cattle feed. Several databases were accessed to design the process. SuperPro Designer V10 simulator was used. Results showed that fresh plantain residues mixed with 97.14% pseudo total, 0.24% rejection banana and 1.63% of rachis are not recommended for dairy cattle consumption due to its high moisture content (>90%), fiber neutral detergent (>50%) and acid detergent fiber (>30%). Simulation techniques have shown to be a powerful tool when making decisions on investment projects that involve technologies for waste utilization in order to find the more appropriate process configuration reducing experimentation requirements., The authors thank the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Minciencias) for the financial support and the Universidad de Caldas and the Universidade do Minho for the academic and financial support to carry out this work. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte, also, Project ColOsH 02/SAICT/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030071) and Biomass and Bioenergy Research Infrastructure (BBRI)- LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022059., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion