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BACKGROUND: The colonization of land and the diversification of terrestrial plants is intimately linked to the evolutionary history of their symbiotic fungal partners. Extant representatives of these fungal lineages include mutualistic plant symbionts, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Glomeromycota and fine root endophytes in Endogonales (Mucoromycota), as well as fungi with saprotrophic, pathogenic and endophytic lifestyles. These fungal groups separate into three monophyletic lineages but their evolutionary relationships remain enigmatic confounding ancestral reconstructions. Their taxonomic ranks are currently fluid. RESULTS: In this study, we recognize these three monophyletic linages as phyla, and use a balanced taxon sampling and broad taxonomic representation for phylogenomic analysis that rejects a hard polytomy and resolves Glomeromycota as sister to a clade composed of Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota. Low copy numbers of genes associated with plant cell wall degradation could not be assigned to the transition to a plant symbiotic lifestyle but appears to be an ancestral phylogenetic signal. Both plant symbiotic lineages, Glomeromycota and Endogonales, lack numerous thiamine metabolism genes but the lack of fatty acid synthesis genes is specific to AM fungi. Many genes previously thought to be missing specifically in Glomeromycota are either missing in all analyzed phyla, or in some cases, are actually present in some of the analyzed AM fungal lineages, e.g. the high affinity phosphorus transporter Pho89. CONCLUSION: Based on a broad taxon sampling of fungal genomes we present a well-supported phylogeny for AM fungi and their sister lineages. We show that among these lineages, two independent evolutionary transitions to mutualistic plant symbiosis happened in a genomic background profoundly different from that known from the emergence of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Dikarya. These results call for further reevaluation of genomic signatures associated with plant symbiosis.

Este artículo aborda el modo en que las estructuras patriarcales han silenciado el discurso poético de las mujeres en el siglo XX español, perpetuando los modelos seculares de la tradición. El punto de partida teórico muestra cómo se ha construido el canon literario a partir de la historia y la ideología dominante para promover su difusión a través del canon escolar reproducido en los materiales didácticos utilizados en la educación literaria. Una vez definido el problema de investigación, se aborda la nueva situación como consecuencia de la implantación legal de la LOMLOE en Andalucía, sugiriendo estrategias para crear itinerarios de lectura originales, pertinentes e innovadores para trabajar la realidad de la poesía del siglo XX de forma significativa, favoreciendo además la educación en valores como el respeto a la igualdad de género. El objetivo es integrar en el currículo de bachillerato a autoras significativas que, a pesar de su calidad y valor, han sido eclipsadas, aunque legítimamente deberían ser incluidas para componer un corpus textual válido que responda a la verdad de lo histórico-literario, buscando exclusivamente mejorar la formación de lectores. Abstract This article deals with the way in which patriarchal structures have silenced women's poetic discourse in spanish’s 20th century, perpetuating the secular models of tradition. The theoretical starting point shows how the literary canon has been constructed on the basis of history and the dominant ideology in order to promote its dissemination through the school canon reproduced in the didactic materials used in literary education. Once the research problem has been defined, the new situation is addressed as a result of the legal implementation of the LOMLOE in Andalucía, suggesting strategies to create original, relevant and innovative reading itineraries in order to work on the reality of 20th century poetry in a meaningful way, also favouring education in values such as respect for gender equality. The aim is to integrate into the baccalaureate curriculum significant female authors who, despite their quality and value, have been overshadowed even though they should legitimately be included in order to compose a valid textual corpus that responds to the truth of the historical-literary, seeking exclusively to improve the training of readers.

Este artículo analiza el papel de las rutas literarias en el contexto de las estrategias de animación lectora. Particularmente se reivindican aquellos aspectos que hacen de la ruta literaria una herramienta idónea para la mejora de la competencia literaria. A la relación ya establecida entre lector y texto se une ahora la vivencia con quien media la obra en la ruta: una voz experta que fomenta la interacción en el espacio reconocido y vivificado del relato. Se propone, como objetivos generales, determinar el papel que desempeñan las rutas literarias en el contexto de las estrategias didácticas de animación y acompañamiento lector y explorar la influencia que ejercen en el apoyo a la docencia, a las propias editoriales y a la valoración última e integral de la lectura propuesta. Con una metodología mixta (triangulación de datos) se diagnostica la aceptación de la ruta literaria con una encuesta a grupos de distintas comunidades educativas junto al proceso desarrollado por sus agentes activos (gestores y monitor) a partir de una entrevista en profundidad. Las conclusiones revelan las fortalezas de la ruta literaria al calor de los nuevos vínculos afectivos que se potencian en su trazado junto a su avance competencial. Abstract This article analyzes the role of literary routes in the context of reading animation strategies. Particularly, those aspects that make the literary route an ideal tool for improving literary competence are claimed. The relationship already established between reader and text is now joined by the experience with whom the work mediates on the route: an expert voice that encourages interaction in the recognized and vivified space of the story. The general objectives are to determine the role of literary routes in didactic strategies for animation and reading support. Additionally, it aims to explore the influence of literary routes on teaching support, publishers, and comprehensive assessment of the proposed reading. With a mixed methodology (data triangulation), the acceptance of the literary route in different educational communities is diagnosed along with the process developed by its active agents (managers and monitor) based on an in-depth interview. The conclusions reveal the strengths of the literary route in the heat of the new emotional ties that are strengthened in its layout along with its competence advancement.

Abstract Current strategies centred on either merging or linking initial hits from fragment-based drug design (FBDD) crystallographic screens generally do not fully leaverage 3D structural information. We show that an algorithmic approach (Fragmenstein) that ‘stitches’ the ligand atoms from this structural information together can provide more accurate and reliable predictions for protein–ligand complex conformation than general methods such as pharmacophore-constrained docking. This approach works under the assumption of conserved binding: when a larger molecule is designed containing the initial fragment hit, the common substructure between the two will adopt the same binding mode. Fragmenstein either takes the atomic coordinates of ligands from a experimental fragment screen and combines the atoms together to produce a novel merged virtual compound, or uses them to predict the bound complex for a provided molecule. The molecule is then energy minimised under strong constraints to obtain a structurally plausible conformer. The code is available at https://github.com/oxpig/Fragmenstein . Scientific contribution This work shows the importance of using the coordinates of known binders when predicting the conformation of derivative molecules through a retrospective analysis of the COVID Moonshot data. This method has had a prior real-world application in hit-to-lead screening, yielding a sub-micromolar merger from parent hits in a single round. It is therefore likely to further benefit future drug design campaigns and be integrated in future pipelines. Graphical Abstract

Abstract The CONUS+ experiment aims to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE $$\nu $$ ν NS) of reactor antineutrinos on germanium nuclei in the fully coherent regime, continuing on this way the CONUS physics program started at the Brokdorf nuclear power plant, Germany. The CONUS+ setup is installed in the nuclear power plant in Leibstadt, Switzerland, at a distance of 20.7 m from the 3.6 GW thermal power reactor core. The CE $$\nu $$ ν NS signature will be measured with the same four point-contact high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors produced for the former experiment, however refurbished and with optimized low energy thresholds of about 160 $$\hbox {eV}_{ee}$$ eV ee . To suppress the background in the CONUS+ detectors, the passive and active layers of the original CONUS shield were modified such to fit better to the significantly changed background conditions at the new experimental location. New data acquisition and monitoring systems were developed. A direct network connection between the experiment and the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) makes it possible to control and monitor data acquisition in real time. The impact of all these modifications is discussed with particular emphasis on the resulting CE $$\nu $$ ν NS signal prediction for the first data collection phase of CONUS+. Prospects of the planned upgrade in a second phase integrating new larger HPGe detectors are also discussed.

Chemokine ligands play a pivotal role in immune response by mediating cell migration and coordinating cellular processes through interactions with chemokine receptors. Understanding their sequence and structural integrity is crucial for elucidating their biological functions and potential therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigate the dimer interface between two distinct homodimer topologies: CXC and CC homodimers. Despite nearly identical monomeric structures, the rigid CXC interface is characterized by interactions between the N-loop/β-sheet regions, while the more flexible CC interface involves interactions through the unstructured N-terminal regions. Our structural and biophysical analyses indicate no significant differences in the free energy of folding (2–8 kcal/mol) and binding (10–14 kcal/mol) between the two homodimer topologies, showing that their free energy is primarily driven by sequence. We hypothesize that the biological signal is driven by the malleability of the dimer, depending on the binding interface. Understanding these structural dynamics opens new possibilities for designing chemokine-based therapeutics to modulate immune responses in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders.

Background: Psycho-emotional aspects as a cross-cutting theme have gained relevance and scientific interest in recent years. Pregnant women diagnosed with a rare disease constitute a vulnerable population, experiencing psycho-emotional challenges due to their specific circumstances. It is essential that this group is informed and receives the proper to manage the physical, emotional, and psychological challenges linked to their condition. Objectives: The aim of this review is to understand how the diagnosis of a rare disease affects the psycho-emotional aspects of a pregnant woman. Methods: The research question posed is how does the diagnosis of a rare disease affect the psycho-emotional aspects of a pregnant woman? This systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA model and has been registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024558523. A literature search was conducted in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, Cinahl, Scielo, and the Cochrane Library. Articles were selected on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: publication in the last twenty years and all languages. Results: In the end, 28 articles were selected. The main results highlight that there is a negative impact on the psycho-emotional level in these patients, altering aspects such as anxiety, stress, social rejection, and self-stigma. Conclusion: The role of nursing in addressing this psycho-emotional dimension as a mediator between families and other branches of the health sciences environment stands out.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its transmission occurs through aerosols, making healthcare workers particularly vulnerable to it. At the San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital in Granada (HUCSC), preventive measures such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and IGRA (interferon-gamma release assay) tests were implemented to detect latent tuberculosis infection. At HUCSC, between 2022 and 2024, 4.75% (92/1936) of workers were found to have positive IGRA test results, with no significant differences observed between professional categories. However, variability in positive IGRA rates was noted across different medical departments, with pulmonology and sample handling being the most affected. Additionally, a relationship was found between age and the likelihood of obtaining a positive IGRA test result. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive measures and a multifaceted approach to controlling and preventing tuberculosis in workplace environments.

En las postrimerías del reinado de Carlos II la presión francesa sobre los Países Bajos españoles causó un gran impacto en la corte de Madrid. Los fracasos de las armas de la monarquía tensionaron a las élites gubernativas y tuvieron efectos notables en la articulación de la lucha política en el ámbito cortesano. La pérdida de Luxemburgo, en 1684, afectó al primer ministro, el duque de Medinaceli, que en aquel momento tuvo que lidiar con una grave conjunción de amenazas para su posición. Para comprender el impacto de este asedio y cómo afectó a la corte de Madrid es imprescindible profundizar en el contexto y los factores clave que estuvieron en juego. Este artículo busca analizar el protagonismo que tuvo el sitio de Luxemburgo en los asuntos de Estado a mediados de la década de 1680 y precisar hasta qué punto este revés determinó la supervivencia política del primer ministro.

Abstract Meta-analyses show an overall decrease in soil N2O emissions after biochar (BC) amendment. Nonetheless, N2O mitigation with BC cannot be extrapolated to every BC-soil combination, inasmuch as an increase in soil N2O release has been occasionally reported. We hypothesized that BC characteristics are key, and performed two microcosm experiments to advance in the understanding of the properties associated. We first investigated how 22 well-characterized BCs affect N2O emissions in a calcareous soil under denitrification conditions. Whereas most BCs decreased N2O emissions, some substantially increased N2O emissions. In a second experiment, we selected and further characterized eight of the 22 previous BCs. We applied the 15N-gas-flux method to study how these BCs affect denitrification products (N2O and N2) in the same soil. Results indicate that the interaction between BC and the denitrification process depends on the temperature of pyrolysis. Whereas BCs produced at 400 °C tended to increase total denitrification (N2O+N2) by an average of 28%, BCs produced at 600 °C significantly reduced total denitrification by 53%. Nevertheless, this decline in overall denitrification did not result in a decrease of N2O emissions, as there was a strong shift in the N2O/(N2+N2O) ratio favoring N2O. A redundancy analysis revealed a direct correlation between carboxylic groups on BCs surface and N2O emissions. This research enhances our understanding of the interaction of BC with denitrification, particularly concerning the relevance of the temperature of pyrolysis, and opens up new paths for investigation, crucial for optimizing the application of BCs in different soil environments. Graphical Abstract

Purpose: To protect the environment and society, research on responsible behavior and personal values has increased. Values have been identified as important for understanding and predicting environmental preservation behaviors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Environmental Portrait Value Questionnaire in the Spanish context. Design/methodology/approach: The new version of this questionnaire was administered to 742 university students (46.4% male and 53.6% female) from 16 regions in Spain. Findings: The results of adapting and testing the instrument's psychometric properties were consistent with accepted criteria for validity and reliability. Therefore, this updated and contextualized instrument has the potential to contribute to academic advances in the sense of expanding the empirical practice of studying environmental values. Fifteen items from the original version were retained, grouped into four factors as in the original version: Altruistic -- five items; Egoistic -- four items; Biospheric -- three items; and Hedonic -- three items. The final version showed adequate fit indices and reliability measures. Originality/value: This instrument is a powerful resource for the Spanish academic community because using this application it will be possible to assess the degree of commitment of young adults to the goals of sustainability and environmental protection.

Social entrepreneurship is a research topic that has received great attention from academics especially in recent years. However, the results in the literature are far from univocal, for example, there is no clear conceptual delimitation of the term, and it is often analyzed using the same theoretical models of traditional entrepreneurship. With the present study, we have attempted to overcome this problem by analyzing different antecedents, closer to the social and emotional universe, and detached from a male-centric and traditional vision of entrepreneurship, with the aim of understanding social entrepreneurial intentions in higher education. Results obtained from a sample of 962 college students showed that prior experience with social problems (PESP) and empathy (EMP) have a significant and positive impact on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). Furthermore, social self-efficacy (SES-E), moral obligation (MO), and perceived social support (PSS), in addition to directly influencing SEI, mediated the relationship between PESP-SEI, and the relationship between EMP-SEI. More interestingly, gender (male vs female), but not the different type of study (social sciences vs economics and business sciences), moderated the relationship between EMP-SEI to the benefit of women. Given the importance of social entrepreneurship as an alternative solution to the current economic crisis, these are important results because, on the one hand, they make it possible to overcome the male-female gap that characterizes traditional entrepreneurship, on the other, they underline the need to introduce different constructs closer to the social and emotional sphere into entrepreneurship education programs.