Search

Resumen El Real Decreto-ley 2/2023, de 16 de marzo, de medidas urgentes para la ampliación de derechos de los pensionistas, simplifica las actuaciones que conducen al alta médica en los trabajadores que permanecen en situación de incapacidad temporal entre un año y año y medio de duración. Aunque puede ser eficiente en muchos casos, en los procesos de incapacidad temporal de especial complejidad, el hecho de perder el trabajo de un equipo colegiado como el Equipo de Valoración de Incapacidades, podría dificultar la toma de decisiones eficaces, justas y eficientes. Se expone la definición de estos procesos de especial complejidad y la necesidad de poner a disposición del médico inspector una serie de datos laborales para la mejora en el proceso de la toma de decisiones sobre el alta médica, así como abrir legalmente la posibilidad del trabajo en equipo para evaluar determinados supuestos.

BackgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a discontinuity of the esophagus. Following surgical repair, survival rates have improved dramatically the past decenniums and today exceed 90%, but the children commonly present with esophageal and respiratory morbidity. In 2018, a condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for children with esophageal atresia (EA) aged 2–7 in Sweden-Germany was finalized (The EA-QOL questionnaire). The study aim was to describe the evaluation of the new translations across 12 new countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, Central-and North America.MethodsFollowing forward-backward translation into the new languages, the 17-item EA-QOL questionnaire was tested in cognitive debriefing interviews with parents of children with EA aged 2–7. Parents rated if each item was easy to understand (clarity) and sensitive to answer (interference with personal integrity). They could skip responding to a non-applicable/problematic item and give open comments. Predefined psychometric criteria were used; item clarity ≥80%/item sensitive to answer ≤20%/item feasibility ≤5% missing item responses. The decision to modify the translation was based on native expert, patient stakeholder, and instrument developer review, and the need for harmonization between translations.ResultsSimilar to findings in the Swedish-German cognitive debriefing, the cross-cultural analysis of input from 116 parents from 12 new countries (4–14 parents, median 9 parents/country) showed that all items in the EA-QOL questionnaire fulfilled the criteria for item clarity ≥80% and sensitive to answer (ranging from 1%-4.5%), although results varied between countries. Four items had missing responses between 5.2% and 13.4%, three within the same domain and were in line with parents’ explanations. Poor translations and feasibility were improved.ConclusionsBased on parent input, the collaboration between native experts, patient stakeholders, and instrument developers, a linguistic version of the EA-QOL questionnaire for children aged 2–7 for use in and across 14 countries has been established. These efforts have set the conditions for a cross-cultural field test of the EA-QOL questionnaire and will open the doors for a new chapter in outcome research, registries, and clinical practice concerning children with EA. In the long-term, this will help increase knowledge of the disease's burden, promote patient-centeredness, exchange of information between nations, and strengthen evidence-based treatments for children born with EA.

Background. Insect pests, as well as other arthropods, constitute a constant threat to public health and food security and food sovereignty in a country. Although various techniques are currently used for integrated pest management, the search for new management alternatives is constant. In this sense, transcriptome analysis, which consists of the analysis of gene expression profiles of certain living organisms, could provide new alternatives. Objective. To determine the potential applications of transcriptomic analysis against insect pests in the agricultural sector in Panama. Methodology. The study was developed through the search for relevant information on transcriptome analysis applied within entomology. Search was performed in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Dialnet, Web of Science, Springer Link, Ciencia.Science.gov, Scopus, Google Schoolar and ERIC (Institute of Education Sciences). Main findings. The analysis of transcriptomes is a tool to understand different biological, physiological, and molecular aspects of insects and other arthropods identified as pests in the Republic of Panama that put at risk the agricultural production of the country. Implications. Harmful arthropods have become more relevant in recent years due to climate change, invasive species and anthropogenic factors that increase the populations of these pest in Panama. Conclusion. The results indicate that transcriptomic analysis generates information about the existence of candidate genes, including those of harmful arthropods and natural enemies as predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic microorganisms that could be used as targets to reduce the damage caused by arthropods to the agricultural sector.

Se realizó una investigación de mercado a través de métodos mixtos de investigación, basada en la recolección de datos numéricos y de texto, y su contextualización. Al analizarse la base de datos de profesionales idóneos de las ciencias agropecuarias, se concluyó que existen pocas ofertas de técnico superior y ninguna oferta nacional de programas de doctorado en ciencias agropecuarias en Panamá; existe un registro de 42 doctores formados en el extranjero. Las encuestas de mercado revelaron, por un lado, una demanda insatisfecha en cuanto a la formación doctoral en ciencias agropecuarias en Panamá (102 personas), y, por otro lado, la disposición de la oferta de conocimientos por parte de 31 profesionales con grado de doctorado, como potenciales profesores de un programa de formación nacional a nivel de doctorado; los doctores manifestaron 89 áreas de investigación bajo su dominio. Se evidenció la necesidad social de contar con programas de doctorado en ciencias agropecuarias en el país, a fin de incrementar los beneficios sociales de la producción científica y del incremento de la calidad de la educación superior al generalizar el grado de doctorado en el profesorado.