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Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a condition that has emerged only recently, bringing together multiple changes, including significant changes in the stomatognathic system, which may compromise sucking behavior and consequently the breastfeeding practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding behaviors in children with CZS. A longitudinal study was carried out in two reference centers in Northeastern Brazil. The nonprobabilistic sample consisted of 79 children diagnosed with physical, neurological, and behavioral alterations compatible with CZS. Information regarding the child, nutritive, and nonnutritive sucking behavior and changes related to the sucking reflex was collected. Data were presented through descriptive and inferential statistics. In the bivariate analyses, the chi-squared test was used and 5% significance level was adopted. The majority of children had severe microcephaly (59.7%). Breastfeeding was performed at birth in most of CZS children (89.9%) but only 36.6% of them presented exclusive breastfeeding in the six months of life. Bottle feeding and pacifier were used in 89.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Sucking and swallowing difficulties and occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux were observed in 27.8%, 48.0%, and 29.2% of children, respectively. Early weaning was associated with bottle feeding (p=0.005) and pacifier sucking (p=0.003). Although breastfeeding practice at birth constitutes a behavior adopted by most of mothers, adherence to this exclusive habit until the first six months of life was low since the children presenting a large number of comorbidities with direct interference in the suction reflex, sucking, and swallowing difficulty.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of mothers of Brazilian children with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) and associated factors . Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the quality of life (QoL) of 65 mothers of children diagnosed with CZS using the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire. Information related to mothers and children's characteristics and aspects of QoL (physical, psychological, social and environment domains) was collected. Data were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Associations between independent variables and quality of life outcome were carried out through bivariate analyses, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: The “physical” domain showed the highest score (65.98 ± 17.62), while the “environment” domain showed the lowest score (48.55 ± 14.75). The quality of life for the physical domain was associated with maternal schooling and child's sex, while the psychological domain was associated with family income and child's sucking difficulty . Conclusion: Socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities were associated with mothers' QoL. Knowledge of QoL determinants and their impact on different dimensions of life can serve as a guide for interventions aimed at improving the QoL of this population.

The aims of this investigation were to describe the profile of men and women victims of violence and identify factors associated with the severity of facial trauma. A retrospective study was carried out from 762 records of victims attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Dentistry located in a metropolitan region of Northeastern Brazil. The dependent variable was type of facial trauma suffered by victims. Independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, characteristics of aggressors and circumstances of violence. Descriptive, bivariate (c2 test) and multivariate statistics were made through logistic regression. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of victims was 29.78 years (SD=13.33). Based on the final regression model, male subjects [odds ratio (OR)=2.22, 95% CI=1.08-4.57, p=0.030], assaulted by other male subjects (OR=4.88; 95% CI=1.12-21.26; p=0.035) through instrument (OR=6.67; 95% CI=2.85-15.60; p

BACKGROUND Physical violence against children and adolescents comprises a serious public health problem and often results in oral and maxillofacial traumas. Social determinants may favour the occurrence of these events, but few studies have critically evaluated the interaction between social and geographical risk factors. AIMS To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial traumas resulting from violence against children and adolescents through geostatistical techniques. METHODS This study was an ecological analysis of cases of trauma caused by violence against Brazilian children and adolescents using aggregated data from victims attended at a Center of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Dentistry between January 2012 and December 2015. Data were analysed through modelling based on geographic information system (GIS). RESULTS Two distinct patterns of longitudinal trajectory of oral and maxillofacial trauma related to violence against children and adolescents were identified (TP1 and TP2, P

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o histórico de dor de dente e seus fatores associados, entre adolescentes de escolas públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, quantitativa e transversal, através da aplicação de quatro questionários junto a 458 adolescentes. Pela análise bivariada, a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi alta entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,004), que visitaram o Cirurgião-Dentista alguma vez (74,8%; p = 0,001) e que relataram medo frente ao atendimento odontológico (74,9%; p = 0,006). Todavia, nos últimos 6 meses, a prevalência de dor de dente foi baixa, na qual os adolescentes do sexo masculino (77,4%; p < 0,001) e de maior idade (73,1%; p = 0,031) relataram justamente não terem sentido dor. Quando da análise multivariada, a maior prevalência de dor de dente na vida se manteve entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,003) e que relataram medo (74,9%; p = 0,006). A prevalência de dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses se manteve baixa na análise multivariada, entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino e de maior idade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi maior do que nos últimos 6 meses, havendo associação significativa com os fatores: sexo, idade, visita ao Cirurgião-Dentista e sensação de medo.

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of nonlethal victims of urban violence by firearms and to describe traumas suffered by victims, according to a medical–legal and forensic perspective. A cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted at the Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry in northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 233 victims of urban violence by firearm who presented some type of trauma. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using cluster analysis (CA) were performed. The TwoStep Cluster method was chosen to characterize the profile of victims. The night shift (56.8%) and the period corresponding to Saturdays (20.0%) and Sundays (20.4%) concentrated the largest number of occurrences. Cases of trauma in more than one region of the body simultaneously prevailed (31.8%). Based on the CA results, the formation of two clusters with distinct victimization profiles was verified. Cluster 1 was mostly characterized by younger single victims who suffered violence by firearm in the urban area perpetrated by an unknown perpetrator, resulting in greater occurrence of isolated upper and lower limb traumas. In contrast, Cluster 2 consisted essentially of older, married, or stable-union victims who experienced firearm violence in the suburban area, perpetrated by a known aggressor, resulting in greater occurrence of multiple traumas, that is, affecting several regions of the body at the same time. These findings reveal different risk groups for urban violence by firearms and traumas, contributing to the planning of strategies with emphasis on health care, prevention, and promotion.

AIM This study aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the risk factors for maxillofacial injuries among victims of traffic accidents. METHOD A systematic review of articles published until February 2017 was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers (ϰ = 0.841). The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. RESULTS A total of 2703 records were found, of which only three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, including 422 244 patients. The male/female ratio ranged from 3.4: 1 to 6: 1. All eligible studies performed the multivariate statistical analysis. Eleven risk factors for maxillofacial traumas were identified: victim's gender (P

The main objective of this study was to show the applicability of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) in the detection and representation of underlying structures in large datasets used to investigate oral-maxillofacial lesions. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving the analysis of the medical-forensic and social records of 992 people who experienced oral-maxillofacial trauma resulting from non-fatal violent crimes that occurred in the community. Based on the MCA results, two distinct victim profiles were identified. The first profile was characterized by adult men, victims of instruments of violence (such as firearms, knives, or mixed aggression), resulting in severe trauma, mainly affecting the upper or middle third of the face. The second profile was characterized by adolescent and young adult women, victims of aggression using physical force, resulting in soft tissue traumas, mainly affecting the lower third of the face or more than one region at the same time. MCA has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for exploring complex data related to oral-maxillofacial trauma, showing whether there is a relationship and how variables are related. This multivariate method can also be very valuable in the study of several outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery and supporting specialties.

To identify victimization differences and evaluate maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence in a Brazilian state capital using a data-mining approach. A cross-sectional study analyzed 1946 reports of physical violence registered in an Institute of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. Sociodemographic characteristics of the victims, mechanisms of violence, time of occurrence and patterns of maxillofacial injuries were evaluated. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test and decision tree analysis using the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm. Most victims were male (54.6%) and the majority of events occurred during nighttime (53.7%). Maxillofacial injuries affecting more than one region accounted for the largest proportion of cases (33.1%). The final model of the CHAID decision tree demonstrated multilevel interaction among factors through stepwise pathways to explain the victimization differences between men and women. The profile of victimization could be explained by the sociodemographic characteristics of victims, such as employment status (p

PURPOSE To evaluate quality of life related to oral health (QoLROH) of Brazilians undergoing hemodialysis and to identify associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two reference medical centers. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Descriptive and multivariate statistics using Decision Tree Analysis by the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm, as well as Ordinal Logistic Regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The Decision Tree revealed that the impact on QoLROH could be explained by age (p = 0.002), tooth pain in the last 6 months (p = 0.026), and region of residence (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that being older, living in rural areas, and reporting tooth pain in the last 6 months may influence the QoLROH of patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Background/Aim Violence against women is a global public health problem. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of women victims of violence and identify factors associated with maxillofacial injuries. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed based on an evaluation of 884 medico-legal and social records of women victims of physical aggression treated at the Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry in Brazil. The variables investigated were related to the socio-demographic characteristics of victims, circumstances of aggressions, and patterns of trauma. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using Decision Tree analysis by the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector algorithm (CHAID), as well as univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results The mean age of victims was 29.38 (SD = 12.55 years). Based on Decision Tree, the profile of violence against women can be explained by the aggressor's gender (p < 0.001) and sociodemographic characteristics of victims, such as marital status (p = 0.001), place of residence (p = 0.019), and educational level (p = 0.014). The occurrence of maxillofacial trauma was 46.4%. Based on the final Poisson regression model, women living in suburban areas were more likely to suffer maxillofacial trauma (PR = 1.752; CI 95% = 1.153-2.662; p = 0.009) compared to those living in rural areas. Moreover, aggression using a weapon resulted in a lower occurrence of maxillofacial trauma (PR = 0.476; CI 95% = 0.284-0.799; p = 0.005) compared to cases of aggression using physical force. Conclusions The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high, and the associated factors were place of residence and mechanism of aggression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This study aimed to determine via systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of maxillofacial trauma resulting from different etiologies among children and adolescents. A systematic review of articles published from 2006 to 2015 (10 years) in English language was performed. The following databases were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Observational studies reporting the number of children and/or adolescents who suffered maxillofacial trauma resulting from different etiologies were included. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers (Kappa = 0.737). A proportion meta-analysis using random-effect models was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Der-Simonian and Laird weights. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I 2 statistics. A total of 27 studies remained after qualitative analysis including 402,339 patients. The male/female ratio ranged from 1.5:1 to 3.5:1. Road traffic accidents corresponded to the main etiology agent of maxillofacial trauma (34%; 95% CI, 25–44), followed by falls (31%; 95% CI, 25–37), violence (11%; 95% CI, 4–19), sports (4%; 95% CI, 3–5), and others (5%; 95% CI, 2–8). Heterogeneity among studies was high, even stratifying by world region. The adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies showed an intermediate score for most of the included studies. Results suggest that road traffic accidents represent the main cause of maxillofacial trauma among children and adolescents. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity.

To verify the level of knowledge of parents and guardians about dentistry in early childhood, and to analyze sociodemographic variables. This was a field research, observational and cross-sectional with quantitative approach and descriptive and analytical analysis of the data, through questionnaires, which were applied to parents / guardians of children from 0 to 3 years old from municipal daycare centers a city of the Paraíba hinterland. 171 parents or guardians of children enrolled in municipal public day care centers were interviewed. Most of them were predominant females (91.2%), aged 15 to 30 years (63.2%), with monthly family income of up to R $ 780.00 (67.3%), and had predominant education level of elementary school I (33.9%). Most parents / guardians (55.6%) considered that oral health meant hygiene and were aware of the existence of dentistry for babies (64.9%). For 52.6% of respondents, the ideal time to start hygiene of the baby's oral cavity is from the birth of the first tooth and on the method used to perform this hygiene, 53.8% indicated gauze or diaper soaked in filtered water. It was observed that 53.8% reported that the importance of oral hygiene is related to the overall health of the baby. Parents and /or guardians of public daycare infants centers demonstrated a reasonable knowledge regarding children's oral health.

The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate access to oral health services among adolescents enrolled in public schools of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, a large-size municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. An observational, descriptive, analytical, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was carried out through a school survey, in which four validated questionnaires were applied to 438 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Data were processed using the SPSS statistical software version 20.0, with bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis through Poisson regression. About 90.9% of adolescents reported having visited the dentist at least once; however, when considering the last 6 months, this percentage fell to 48.4%. Adolescents used private services (50.2%) or the public service (49.8%). About 70.6% of interviewees reported dental treatment (61.1%) as the main reason for seeking the service. Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that the demand for the service was higher among female adolescents (60.5%, p

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of head and face injuries and associated factors among victims of automobile accidents in a trauma center. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed through the analysis of 9,734 medical records of children and adults hospitalized due to external causes in the Regional Hospital of Emergency and Trauma at Campina Grande, Brazil. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 15, also using the Pearson’s chi-square test. The significance level adopted was 5 %. Results: Cases of automobile accidents accounted for 25.9% (n = 463) of hospitalizations due to external causes, and 83.8 % of victims were male and 16.2 % were female, representing a sex ratio of 5.1:1. As for age group, most had between 20 and 29 years (38.1%) and with respect to the day of the week, 40.8 % of incidents occurred over the weekend. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face (17.4%) than on the head (7.8%) and most victims had a single injury (58.5%). The existence of bone fractures was observed in 76.9 % of victims and 14.7 % had functional impairment. There was association between variables age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), day of the week (p < 0.001), presence of bone fractures (p < 0.001) and functional impairment (p = 0.002) with the occurrence of automobile accidents. Conclusion: The most automobile accidents occur on weekends and affect young male individuals, with frequent presence of fractures among victims. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face than on the head. Factors such as age, sex, presence of bone fractures and functional impairment was associated with automobile accidents.

The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of elderly Brazilians with injuries resulting from physical violence and identify victimization differences. A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted involving the analysis of medico-legal and social records of 259 elderly victims of physical violence treated at an Institute of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry over four years (from January 2008 to December 2011). The forensic service database was evaluated by researchers properly trained and calibrated to perform this function between January and March 2013. Socio-demographic variables of victims, aggression characteristics, aggressor's profile and types of lesions were evaluated. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) were performed. The prevalence of facial trauma was 42.9%. Based on the MCA results, two groups with different victimization profiles were identified: married men aged 70-79 years, victims of community violence at night, suffering facial injuries; and single, widowed or separated women aged 60-69 years, victims of domestic violence during the day, suffering trauma in other areas of the body. The results suggest that there is a high prevalence of facial injuries among elderly Brazilians victims of physical violence and there are important differences related to victimization characteristics according to gender.

To determine the prevalence of facial trauma among Brazilians who have suffered motorcycle accidents and investigate associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1,689 reports of motorcycle accidents registered in a Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry over 4 years. The dependent variable was the presence of facial trauma. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of the events. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test (p

The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of men who are victims of interpersonal physical violence (IPV) by an intimate partner. This study is a retrospective analysis of suspected cases of male victims of IPV by an intimate partner, aged 18 years or older, treated at a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center in Brazil. Sociodemographic variables of the victims, the types of violence and the patterns of injuries were evaluated. Over this period, 1520 suspected victims of IPV by an intimate partner were examined; 14.6 % (n = 222) of them were men. Based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0613) was primarily formed by the relationship between aggressor and victim, the marital status and the type of IPV, and the second dimension (reliability = 0509) by the day of week, the period of day and the marital status.

Objective To investigate and compare differences in physical aggression among children and adolescents.

To determine the prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma among Brazilian victims of physical aggression and identify its associated factors from a medico-legal and forensic perspective.A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the analysis of complete medico-legal and social reports of 3668 victims of physical aggression treated at a centre of legal medicine and forensic dentistry over the course of four years. The dependent variable was the occurrence of oral-maxillofacial trauma. The independent variables were sociodemographic status and characteristics of physical aggression. Statistical analyses included the chi-squared test (p0.05) as well as univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Oral-maxillofacial trauma occurred in 1655 cases (45.1%). Individuals who lived in suburban areas (OR = 1.32; 95%CI = 1.11-1.58) and those who were victims of community violence (OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 1.03-1.40) perpetrated by someone known to them (OR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.03-1.40) using physical force (OR = 2.31; 95%CI = 1.96-2.72) on weekends (OR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.04-1.37) and during nighttime hours (OR = 1.23; 95%CI = 1.08-1.41) were more likely to exhibit oral-maxillofacial trauma.The prevalence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high and the associated factors were area of residence, type of violence, type of offender, mechanism of violence, day, and period of occurrence.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the spatial and spatial-temporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence, as well as to identify underlying disparities at regional level through a geostatistical approach. METHODS This was a historical ecological cohort study of trauma cases caused by urban violence using aggregate data from victims assisted in a Brazilian medical-forensic service between January 2012 and December 2015. The longitudinal patterns of change observed in each geographic area (neighbourhoods) were evaluated using the finite mixture model (FMM). The spatial autocorrelation of events was investigated using the Getis-Ord Indicator (Gi*) to identify significant hot and cold spatial clusters. With a spatial regression model, it was also found when socioeconomic variables, residential infrastructure and neighbourhood infrastructure were associated with high incidence rates. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The finite mixture model revealed three different patterns of longitudinal trajectory of the incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by urban violence (TP1 to TP3, P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the time and the sex of victims and perpetrators on the rates of family and community physical violence in a Brazilian municipality over seven years (2008–2014). METHODS: We made a census analysis from non-fatal victims attended in the Forensic Institute of the Scientific Civil Police. The monthly and annual violence rates were calculated based on the population size of the municipality. Time series was evaluated by negative binomial regression models, based on the number of cases with population offset and considering the effect of the sex of victims and perpetrators. RESULTS: A total of 3,324 cases of family and 4,634 cases of community violence were analyzed. There was a significant increase in family violence rates for female victims and male perpetrators. Family violence rates were always higher for female victims than for male and it was always lower for female perpetrators than for male (p < 0.001). There was a lower risk of community violence for male victims after 2013 and a decrease of aggression perpetrated by men over time. Men and women were similarly affected by community violence; however, the perpetrators were more frequently men. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a trend of increasing female victims in the family violence, mainly perpetrated by men. The reduction in community violence rates could be the result of policies to reduce crime.

There are no longitudinal studies that assess the impact of traumatic dental injury (TDI) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children. To investigate the impact of TDI on OHRQoL among preschool children, a population-based case–control study was carried out with a representative sample of 335 children, 3–5 years of age, enrolled at public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. The case group and the control group were matched for age, gender, type of preschool and monthly household income at a ratio of 1:4 (67 cases and 286 controls). Impact on the OHRQoL of children was assessed through administration of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The occurrence of TDI was determined through clinical examinations performed by three calibrated dentists. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, McNemar’s test, the chi-square test with linear trend and conditional logistic regression analysis [P ≤ 0.05; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)]. The most frequent responses were ‘felt pain’ (19.4%) and ‘difficulty eating’ (16.4%). The prevalence of TDI was 37.3% in the case group and 33.9% in the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between case and control groups regarding the presence of TDI (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.66–2.02). TDI had no impact on the quality of life of preschool children.

The objective of this cross-sectional census study was to characterize agression and land-based transport accidents in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was analyzed from live victims who were treated at a forensic service (N = 2.379). In the descriptive analysis, the majority of events were represented by aggression (71.6%); which occurred on weekdays (65%), with 35.1% at night. Trauma occurred to the whole body (63.6%) and to soft tissue (74.2%). On the basis of multiple correspondence analysis, two dimensions were formed: the first dimension (internal reliability = 0.654) was formed by the cause of the event, the trauma and the age group and the second dimension (reliability = 0.514), by age group, occupation and civil status. Three groups with distinct profiles were formed for accidents and aggression: young women who suffered aggression, with trauma to the face and soft tissues during the evening and at weekends; adult men who suffered car accidents, in the morning and on work days; and retired elderly widowers, who were run over.

To describe the profile of patients with facial trauma admitted in a hospital located in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil.A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed. A total of 244 cases were in agreement with the eligibility criteria. The variables include the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, etiology, type of trauma, treatment modalities, length of stay in a hospital and quarter of care. Descriptive statistics and Cluster Analysis were performed.The average age of patients was 31.16 years (SD = 15.17 years) and average hospitalization was 6.32 days (SD = 7.75 days). It was verified the automatic formation of four clusters with different profiles of patients. The variables which most contributed to the external differentiation between clusters were: length of stay in a hospital (p0.001), etiology (p0.001), type of facial trauma (p0.001), presence of associated trauma (p0.001), treatment modalities (p0.001) and quarter of care (p0.001).The most of patients were men, victims of traffic accidents, which suffered fracture of zygomatic complex and underwent surgery.Traçar o perfil dos pacientes internados com trauma de face em um hospital localizado em região metropolitana do Nordeste do Brasil.Tratou-se de estudo transversal e exploratório. Um total de 244 casos atendeu aos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo incluídos na amostra. As variáveis estudadas incluíram características sociodemográficas das vítimas, etiologia, tipos de traumas, modalidades de tratamento, tempo de internação e trimestre de atendimento. Foi feita estatística descritiva e análise de cluster.A média de idade dos pacientes foi 31,16 anos (DP = 15,17 anos) e o tempo médio de internação foi de 6,32 dias (DP = 7,75 dias). Verificou-se a formação automática de quatro clusters com perfis distintos de pacientes. As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a diferenciação externa entre os clusters foram: tempo de internação (p0,001), etiologia (p0,001), tipo do trauma facial (p0,001), presença de trauma associado (p0,001), tipo de tratamento (p0,001) e trimestre de atendimento (p0,001).A maioria dos pacientes eram homens, vítimas de acidentes de trânsito, que apresentaram fratura do complexo zigomático, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as circunstâncias das agressões e os padrões dos traumas maxilofaciais entre vítimas de violência interpessoal. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório feito a partir da análise de 7.132 registros médico-legais e sociais de vítimas de violência interpessoal atendidas em um Centro de Medicina Legal e Odontologia Forense. Foi feita estatística descritiva e multivariada, usando Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Três grupos com perfis distintos de vitimização foram identificados. O primeiro grupo foi formado majoritariamente por homens, de diferentes faixas etárias, vítimas de violência comunitária, resultando em fratura de ossos faciais ou fratura dentoalveolar. O segundo grupo foi composto essencialmente por adolescentes (10-19 anos), de ambos os sexos, vítimas de violência interpessoal e que não apresentaram um padrão específico de trauma. O terceiro grupo reuniu mulheres, adultas (≥ 20 anos), vítimas de violência doméstica, resultando em lesão de tecidos moles da face ou em outras regiões do corpo. Os resultados sugerem que as características sociodemográficas e circunstanciais são fatores importantes na vitimização por traumatismo maxilofacial e violência interpessoal. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the circumstances of aggressions and patterns of maxillofacial injuries among victims of interpersonal violence. This was a cross-sectional and exploratory study conducted from the analysis of 7,132 medical-legal and social records of interpersonal violence victims seen in a Forensic Medicine and Dentistry Center. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Three groups with different victimization profiles were identified. The first group was mainly composed of men of different age groups, victims of community violence that resulted in facial bones or dentoalveolar fracture. The second group was mainly composed of adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes, victims of interpersonal violence and without specific pattern of injuries. The third group was composed of adult women (≥ 20 years) victims of domestic violence that resulted in injuries of soft tissues of face or other body regions. The results suggest that sociodemographic and circumstantial characteristics are important factors in victimization by maxillofacial injuries and interpersonal violence.

Purpose The aim of the present study was to characterize the profile of victims of interpersonal physical violence (IPV) caused by a knife or other sharp instrument, identify the factors associated with maxillofacial trauma, and examine the incidence of maxillofacial trauma over time. Patients and Methods In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 569 medicolegal and social records of IPV victims by knife or other sharp instruments treated at a forensic medicine and dentistry center in Brazil during a 4-year consecutive period. The variables investigated were related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims, circumstances of the aggression, and trauma patterns. Descriptive and multivariate statistics through Poisson regression and trend analysis with the creation of polynomial regression models were used. Results The cumulative incidence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was 19.3%. The mean age of the victims was 31.29 ± 13.82 years. Cases of trauma affecting more than one region of the face prevailed (45.5%). Based on the final Poisson regression model, unemployed people were more likely to exhibit maxillofacial trauma (relative risk [RR] 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-3.35; P = .039). In addition, individuals were more likely to experience maxillofacial trauma on Wednesdays (RR 1.85; 95% CI 1.01-3.37; P = .045). The trend analysis revealed a significant increase in oral-maxillofacial injuries over time (P Conclusions The incidence of oral-maxillofacial trauma was high, and the main factors associated with trauma were the victim's employment status and day of occurrence. Future studies will focus on assessing the effect of maxillofacial trauma on the quality of life and well-being of violence victims.

Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem that frequently results in oral-maxillofacial traumas, generating high social and economic costs. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of women victims of IPV and determine the pattern of oral-maxillofacial traumas, according to a medical-legal and forensic perspective. An exploratory study of 1361 suspected cases of women victims of IPV was carried out based on database of an Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Dentistry of Northeastern Brazil during a period of 4 years. Medico-legal and social records of victims were searched for information related to sociodemographic data, circumstances of aggressions and trauma patterns. Descriptive and multivariate statistics and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) were performed. Main results Almost half of victims exhibited some oral-maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV (45.8%). Lesions affecting more than one third of the face (41.3%), especially in soft tissues (96.1%) were the most common. Based on the MCA results, two distinct victimization profiles (P1 and P2) have been identified. P1 was mainly characterized by women aged less than 28 years, living in the urban area, with higher education and working. They were assaulted using physical force in community settings perpetrated by former partner or ex-boyfriend during the night and weekends, resulting in oral-maxillofacial traumas. P2 was mainly composed of women aged over 28 years, living in the suburban or rural areas, with low schooling and who did not work. They were assaulted by firearm or weapon in their own home, perpetrated by their partner or boyfriend during the day and weekdays, resulting in trauma to other body parts. Conclusions Oral and maxillofacial traumas are very common among women victims of IPV who searched for medical-legal service. In this context, forensic dentists can play a key role during the diagnostic process and should always work together with medical, biochemical and toxicological experts. The findings of this study may contribute to the formulation of evidence-based policies.

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze history of toothache and associated factors among adolescent students enrolled in public schools of a city in Northeastern Brazil. An observational, descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted through the application of 4 questionnaires with 458 adolescents. By bivariate analysis, the prevalence of toothache in life was higher among younger adolescents (76.9%; p = 0.004), who have visited the dentist at least once (74.8%; p = 0.001) and who reported fear (74.9%; p = 0.006). The occurrence of dental pain in the last 6 months was low, where male (77.4%; p = 0,001) and older adolescents (73.1%; p = 0.031) reported no occurrence of pain. Through multivariate analysis, the highest prevalence of dental pain in life remained among younger adolescents (76.9%; p = 0.003) and who reported dental fear (74.9%; p = 0.006). The prevalence of toothache in the last 6 months remained low through multivariate analysis, among male and older adolescents. It could be concluded that the prevalence of toothache in life was higher than in the last 6 months, showing significant association with gender, age, visit to the dentist and dental fear.O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e analisar o histórico de dor de dente e seus fatores associados, entre adolescentes de escolas públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa observacional, descritiva, quantitativa e transversal, através da aplicação de quatro questionários junto a 458 adolescentes. Pela análise bivariada, a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi alta entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,004), que visitaram o Cirurgião-Dentista alguma vez (74,8%; p = 0,001) e que relataram medo frente ao atendimento odontológico (74,9%; p = 0,006). Todavia, nos últimos 6 meses, a prevalência de dor de dente foi baixa, na qual os adolescentes do sexo masculino (77,4%; p0,001) e de maior idade (73,1%; p = 0,031) relataram justamente não terem sentido dor. Quando da análise multivariada, a maior prevalência de dor de dente na vida se manteve entre os adolescentes de menor idade (76,9%; p = 0,003) e que relataram medo (74,9%; p = 0,006). A prevalência de dor de dente nos últimos 6 meses se manteve baixa na análise multivariada, entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino e de maior idade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de dor de dente na vida foi maior do que nos últimos 6 meses, havendo associação significativa com os fatores: sexo, idade, visita ao Cirurgião-Dentista e sensação de medo.

Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial trauma among victims of road traffic accidents and investigate factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using the medical and dental charts of 2570 victims of road traffic accidents with bodily and/or facial injuries between 2008 and 2011. Sociodemographic variables of the victims and characteristics of the accidents and injuries were evaluated. Statistical analyses included the χ 2 test as well as the Poisson univariate and multivariate regression analyses for the determination of the final hierarchical model. Results The prevalence of facial injuries was 16.4%. Most of the victims were male. Among the victims with facial injuries, 44.3% had polytrauma to the face. The prevalence of facial injuries was high among accidents that occurred at night (Prevalence Ratio (PR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.84; P = .007) and victims up to 9 years of age (PR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.03-5.17; P = .041). Moreover, the prevalence of facial injuries was lower among victims of motorcycle accidents than victims of automobile accidents (PR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.89; P = .001). Conclusion The prevalence of facial injuries was high in this study and was significantly associated with the place of residence, time of day, age group, and type of accident.

Facial injuries frequently occur in traffic accidents involving motorcycles. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial injuries among motorcycle drivers who perform motorcycle taxi service. The study design was cross-sectional. A total of 210 participants who served as motorcycle taxi drivers in a city in northeastern Brazil completed a survey concerning their experience of accidents involving facial injuries and consequent hospitalization and absenteeism from work. The motorcycle drivers included in the study were randomly selected from a list provided by the city. Out of the re- spondents, 165 (78.6%) who were involved in traffic accidents in the last 12 months, 15 (9.1%) reported facial injuries. The types of facial injury most frequently reported involved soft tissues (n ¼ 8; 53.3%), followed by simple fracture (n ¼ 4; 26.7%) and dentoalveolar fracture (n ¼ 3; 20%). We found an asso- ciation between facial injuries and absenteeism, as well as an association between the presence of facial injury and the need for hospitalization for a period of 2 days or more. Respondents reported that they had accidents, but due to the use of full face motorcycle helmet the number of facial injuries was low. For most of them, absenteeism was observed for a period of one month or more.